the great empire of japan
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The Empire of Japan
• 1868 to 1947– Meiji era (1868 to 1912)– Taishō era (1912 – 1926)– Early Shōwa (1926 – 1937)– Late Shōwa (1937 – 1947)
Sakoku
• Seclusion policy 1633-1854• No foreigner could enter nor could any
Japanese leave on penalty of death
Convention of Kanagawa - 1854
• Treaty between Japan and United States• Opened ports to US trade• Commodore Matthew Perry
Convention of Kanagawa - 1854
• Treaty between Japan and United States• Opened ports to US trade• Commodore Matthew Perry
Convention of Kanagawa - 1854
• Treaty between Japan and United States• Opened ports to US trade• Commodore Matthew Perry
Order to Expel Barbarians
• Emperor Kōmei gives the order– First time an emperor gets involved
• The Shogunate didn’t want to enforce it– Begins the weakening of the shogun
• Bombardment of Shimonoseki– Shows Japan is weak compared to Western
powers
First Sino-Japanese War
• 1894-95• Japan vs. China – mostly for control of Korea• Japan shows its new industrial strength
Russo-Japanese War
• 1904-05• Japan vs. Russia – mostly for control of Korea• Japan shows its new industrial strength– Shows lack of Russia industrial strength
World War I
• Saw this as an opportunity to expand its Empire
• Declared war on the Germans• Presented the Twenty-One Demands on China– Weakened their position with Britain and US
League of Nations
• The Racial Equality Proposal• Japan demanded equal representation within
the League• Opposed by the British and US
Japanese Exclusion Act
• Dropped Japanese immigrants to the level of other Asians – meaning none
• Practically ends Japanese-American relations
Great Depression
• Japan hit like the US and Europe• Required raw materials from overseas– iron, rubber, oil
• Looked to Manchuria– Invaded and conquered in 1931
• Appeasement
Second Sino-Japanese War
• Fighting sporadic after Japan captured Manchuria
• Marco Polo Bridge Incident, July 7, 1937• Japanese capture Beijing• Nanking Massacre– “Rape of Nanking”– Mass Murder of 300,000 Chinese
USS Pinay incident
• December 12, 1937• American gunboat Pinay anchored in the
Yangtze River• Japanese claimed they didn’t see the
American flags; apologized
Second Sino-Japanese War
• Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union aided China
• By 1940, the US was China’s main supporter• September 1940 – Tripartite Pact
Toward WWII
• July 21, 1941 – Japan completes occupation of Indochina (present day Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia)
• July 24, 1941 – Roosevelt requests Japanese withdrawal of Indochina
• Two days later, Britain and US begin oil embargo
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