the habitable exoplanet imaging mission (habex)€¦ · the habex stdt. (mostly) 18 stdt members,...
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TheHabitableExoplanetImagingMission(HabEx):
Exploringourneighboringplanetarysystems,andsearchingforandcharacterizingpoten@ally
habitableWorlds.
ScoDGaudi(OSU–CommunityChair)SaraSeager(MIT–CommunityChair)
BertrandMennesson(JPL–CenterStudyScien@st)KeithWarfield(JPL–StudyManager)
(FiguresandslidesstolenfromMaggieTurnbull,PaulHertz,TyRobinson,ChrisStark,PaulScowen,Shawn-DomagalGoldman,KeithWarfield,andprobablyothers…)
TheHabExSTDT.(mostly)
18STDTMembers,StudyScien@st,StudyManager,2HQLiaisons,5Interna@onalObservers,8WorkingGroups(+JohnClarkeandChrisStark)
hDp://www.jpl.nasa.gov/habex/
Communica@onMethodology.
• Regular,weeklySTDTtelecons:essen@al.• Weeklyleadershiptelecons:equally,ifnotmore,essen@al.• OnecommunitychairregularlyaDendthedesignteammee@ngsenablesastrongconnec@onbetweentheSTDTanddesignteam.– Thisfacilitatedtheflowofinforma@onandaidedinmakinginformeddesignchoices.
HabExStudyGoals.• Highest-levelgoals:
“Developanop+malmissionconceptforcharacterizingthenearestplanetarysystems,anddetec+ngandcharacterizingahandfulofExoEarths.”
“Giventhisop+malconcept,maximizethegeneralastrophysicssciencepoten+alwithoutsacrificingtheprimaryexoplanetsciencegoals.”
• Op@malmeans:– Maximizingthescienceyieldwhilemaintainingfeasibility,i.e.,adheringtoexpectedconstraints.
• Constraintsinclude:– Cost,technology(risk),@metodevelopmission.
• Thussomeprimarylower-levelgoalsinclude:– Iden@fyandquan@fywhatscienceyieldsaredesiredandop@mal.
– Iden@fyandquan@fytherangeofpoten@alconstraints.
Wehavechosentoadoptconverva/veexpecta@ons.
• HabExisadop@ngaconserva/veapproach.
• FromKeithWarfield’sstudyofpastdecadalmissions:– “Allpastmissionspriori@zedbytheDecadalSurveywerethoughttobeunder$3B”
– Onlyallowed~3toothfairies.
$7.0Bby2035(likelyoutofdate)
PaulHertz
HabExScienceGoals.• Explora@on-based:
– Howmanyuniqueplanetarysystemscanweexploreingreatdetail,determine“theirstory”,includingfindingandcharacterizingpoten@alhabitableworlds?
– HabExwillexploreNsystemsassystema@callyandcompletelyaspossible.
– Leverageabundantpre-exis@ngknowledgeaboutournearestsystems,acquireasmuchaddi@onalinforma@onaspossible.
– Takethefirststepintotheunknown!
• SearchforPoten@allyHabitableWorlds– Detectandcharacterizeahandfulofpoten@allyhabitableplanets.– Searchforsignsofhabitabilityandbiosignatures.
• Op@mizedforexoplanetimaging,butwills@llenableuniquecapabili@estostudyabroadrangeofgeneralastrophysicstopics.
RandomInternetFigure
CH4 CH4CH4
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CoolNeptune
Venus
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Sulfurspecies
MarsRayleigh
3-barEarthO3
SurfaceOxides
O3
SO2
CourtesyofTyRobinson
ImagefromSTScIdatafromTurnbulletal.
ImagefromNASA
H2OH2O
H2O
H2O
H2O
H2O
O2
H2OO2
O3
O2
CO2
CO2
CourtesyofTyRobinson
Venus
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Earth
CO2
CourtesyofTyRobinson
CourtesyofT
yRo
binson
5mHabEx:10hrforaEarthlikeplanetat5pc12mLUVOIRforatargetat12pc.5mHabEx:30hrat7pc12mLUVOIR:foratargetat17pc.
SNR=10at0.55um
SNR=10at0.55μm10-10rawcontrastConstant30%throughputIntegra@on@meperbandpass
Yields.
FromStarketal.2016
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C.Stark,UsingSAG13OccurrenceRates
Solid:Detec@ononlyDoDed:Threebanddetec@on,immediatecharacteriza@onDashed:Detec@onandimmediatecharacteriza@onDot-Dashed:Fullorbitbeforecharacteriza@onTriple-dotDashed:Characteriza@on,thenorbits(starshadeonly)
GeneralAstrophysics• Considerwhatwillbeorhasbeenavailable:– HST– JWST– Ground-basedELTs
• UVfor>2.5mprovidesanovelcapability• UVSpectrometerandUVOIRImager
CourtesyofPaulScowen
GeneralAstrophysicsandSolarSystemThemes.
• HubbleConstant• EscapeFrac@on• CosmicBaryonCycle• MassiveStars&Feedback• StellarArchaeology• DarkMaDer• PlanetaryAuroraandExospheres• PlumesfromSmallSolarSystemBodies
TheFourGraces:JohnClarke,PaulScowen,RachelSomerville,DanStern
j p l . n a s a . g o v
HabEx Design Team Name Role
KeithWarfield StudyLeadBertrandMennesson StudyCenterScien@stGaryKuan DesignLeadStefanMar@n Op@csLeadJoelNissen Systems&Structures;StabilityRhondaMorgan DRM&scienceyieldStuartShaklan starshade&coronagraphexpertDougLisman StarshadeexpertDavidWebb StarshadeexpertEugeneSerabyn coronagraphexpertJohnKrist coronagraphexpertAlinaKiessling associatecenterscien@stBalaBalasubramanian coa@ngsexpertPhilStahl MSFC-TelescopeSteveWarwick NorthrupGrumman-StarshadeexpertShoulehNikzad DetectorsLeadJohnHennessy detectorsexpertFangShi LOWFSCexpertconsultant
HabExDesignStatus
• Completedseveraldesigntradesbeforethe4marchitecturetrade– Polariza@ondrivencontrastvs.telescopeF#– Coronagraphsensi@vitytotelescopeinducedwavefronterror– Starshadesizingvsbandwidthandinnerworkingangle– LeveragedtheLUVOIRSegmentedCoronagraphDesignandAnalysis
Study– Instrumentsizing,costandtechnicalriskstudieswereconducted
withTeamX– ManytechnologyassessmentsaimedatminimizinglowTRL
technologyusage
• 4mArchitecturetradeisseDled– Evaluated4architectures:starshadeonly,coronagraphonly,
starshadeandcoronagraphandtwostarshades– Baselinedesignisanunobscuredtelescopewithacoronagraphand
starshade– PrimarygeneralastrophysicsinstrumentisaUVspectrographwitha
widefield“workhorse”cameraasapossiblesecondcontributedinstrument
UsedKepner-Tregoe(KT)MethologytoseDleonanarchitecture.
HabExDesignStatus• JPLandNGASStarshadedesignshavebeencompleted
– MechanicalandthermalperformanceanalysesareunderwaywiththeJPLdesign
• Thetelescopeandinstrumentop@callayoutshavebeencompleted
• Telescopedesigniswellunderway• TeamXdesignsofthestarshadeandtelescopebusesarein
dra{form• Currentlypursuingatelescopebusdesignwithoutreac@on
wheels– Micro-thrustertechnologyisflightproven– Simplifiesthedesignandreducesrisk
• ExtensivetechnologyTRLdiscussionswithExEPinadvanceoftheP&Lmee@ngandO2delivery
• Workingtocompleteinstrumentdesigns,micro-thruster/telescopestabilitymodeling,andstarshadethermalperformancesimula@ons
Architectures.Property(Baseline) Architecture#1 Architecture#2
Aperture 4m 6.5m
PrimaryMirror Monolithic,Al,f/2.5 Segmented(TBD)
SecondaryMirror Off-axis Off-axis(TBD)
Stabiliza@on LaserMetrology(M2) TBD
Coa@ngs M1,M2,M3:Al TBD
CoronagraphInstrument HLC/VV6,Ag(OIR) TBD
Wavelength(highcontrast) 250nm-1.8μm TBD
Wavelength(GA) 120nm-1.8μm(stretch90nm-2μm) TBD
Starshade Yes,~70m(TBR)UVOIR TBD
GeneralAstrophysicsInstrument#1
WorkhorseUVOIRCamera(10arcmin2FOV,diff.limitedat400nm),MicroshuDerarrays
TBD
GeneralAstrophysicsInstrument#2
HighRes;60kUVSpectrograph,MicroshuDerarrays TBD
Starshad
e
Corona
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TechnologyGapExEPTRL
AssessmentatP&L
OurAssessment
atFinalReport
PetalShapestability 3 3 Highpriority.Needsaplan.PetalPositionAccuracy 3 3 Highpriority.Needsaplan.
LOWFSandcontrol 3 4HighPriority.OncewecandemonstratethatweneedonlythesameLOWFSimplementationasWFIRSTwecanmovetoTRL4.
StarshadeStarlightSuppression 3 4 TechnologybeingadvancedintheS5projectStarshadeEdgeScattering 3 4 TechnologybeingadvancedintheS5project
Micro-Thrusters 3 5ExEPneededanalysisthatdemonstratedthattheexistingthrusterswouldworkforHabEx.Wearedoingthisnow.Oncecomplete,thetechnologymovestoTRL5sincealreadydemonstratedinspace.
CoatingUniformityonLargeOptics 4 4 Highpriority.Needsaplan.CoronagraphArchitecture 4 4LargeAperturePrimary 4 4FormationFlying 4 4 TechnologybeingadvancedintheS5project.
DeformableMirrors 5 5VisibleDetectors 5 5
NIRDetectors 3 4or5ExEPneedsanalysisshowingthatthecurrentSOAwillmeetHabExneeds.MaybeabletoleverageworkinJWSTtoshowHgCdTedetectorsaresuitablefortheHabExenvironment.
Enabling
Enhancing
TechnologyGapsandTRLAssessments
LessonsLearned:DecisionMaking• Smallworkinggroupswithstrongleadsareaproduc@vewayoffocusing
effortintoansweringspecificques@ons,developingsciencecases,andexploringtechnologyrequirements
• TheK-Tmatrixmethodologywasveryusefulforhighligh@ngobjec@vedifferencesbetweendifferentarchitecturesandge�ngSTDTbuy-inononespecificarchitecture
• TheK-Tmatrixmethodology,combinedwiththeworkinggroupproducts,wasveryhelpfulinbuildingintui@onabouthowsurveystrategy,scienceyield,risk,cost,andcomplexityplayagainstthespecificarchitecturetrades.
• Limi@ngtheTradespaceisaprocess– Tradeconstraintsmustnotonlybejus@fiedbuttheirscienceconsequences
mustalsobeunderstood– Technologyrisksrequire@metoassessandtosocialize
• EffortisneededtogainacceptanceinsideandoutsideoftheSTDT• Ittakes@metogettheSTDTtorecognizeandacceptonlyenablingtechnologies
SummaryPrimaryHabExScienceGoals:• Developanop@malmissionconceptforcharacterizingthenearestplanetary
systems,anddetec@ngandcharacterizingahandfulofExoEarths.• Enableabroadrangeofsolarsystemandgeneralastrophysics.
OuroverallApproach:• Maximizingthescienceyieldwhilemaintainingfeasibility,i.e.,adheringto
conserva/veexpecta@onsonconstraints:cost,technology,risk,@metodevelopmission.
ConsideringTwoArchitectures:• 4mmonolith.• 6.5msegmented.• Thisisacomplexregionoftradespace.
Forthe4mArchitecture:• SixenablingTRL3technologiesthatneedtobematured:4starshade,2
coronagraph.• ExpecttwoTRL3technologiesbyfinalreport.
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