the immune system
Post on 15-Jul-2015
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The Immune System
Prepared by Mickelder Kercy, MD - Instructor
Central Lymphoid Tissue : - Bone marrow(stem
cells that differentiate into the mature lymphocytes
B + Natural Killer cells)
Anatomy of the Immune System
- Thymus(posterior to
the sternum in the anterior mediastinum. Immature
lymphoid cells enter the cortex, reproduce and mature
into T cells, then move to the medulla where they
reenter the circulation)
Peripheral Lymphatic System : - Spleen (LUQ, blood
vessels are surrounded by B and T cells that track down
the germs in the blood. Divided into a cortex and a
medulla)
- lymph nodes(The cortex
has germinal centers filled with B cells producing
specific antibodies and T lymphocytes passing through
the lymph node. The medulla has macrophages)
- Appendix, lymphatic
capillaries, lymphatic vessels and lymphatic ducts
The Immune System Responses
Antibody-mediated/Humoral Immunity
Cell-mediated Immunity
Remembers the antigen of the germ so that
more cells attack faster in the next invasion
Inhibit/control T and B cells activity
Secrete lymphokines that stimulate killer
T and B cells
Release chemicals that create holes in
the cell destroying it
Cloned into these 4 following T cells
Ingest the germ then shows its antigen to
the T cells
Macrophages (Neutrophils)
T Cells
Cytotoxic Killer T Cells
Helper T Cells
Suppressor T Cells
Memory T Cells
The Types of Immunity
Immunoglobulins/antibodies taken from the plasma of human donors (HAIG, HBIG, TIG, RIG, VZIG)
Killed germs or live germs with attenuated
toxins in vaccines (MMR, Dtap, Tetanus etc..
1st exposure to Chickenpox virus leads to
long lasting immunity
IgA from breastfeeding (6 months protection). IgG
from the placenta
Acquired
Naturally Acquired
Active
Passive
Artificially Acquired
(Lab)
Passive
Active
•Stomach acid
•Skin
•Mucus, which traps bacteria and small particles
•Enzymes in tears and skin oils
•Cough reflex
To the HIV virus and sickle-cell trait persons to the parasite
(plasmodium falciparum) causing malaria
Genetic/Inborn
Allergies : Hypersensitivity to dust, mold, pollen
Common Disorders associated with the Immune System
Anaphylaxis : Extreme allergic reaction that can be
life-threatening
Cancer : Cells in the body that divide abnormally
and grow abnormally (not well differentiated)
misusing the body’s nutrients at the expense of
healthy/normal cells
Chronic Fatigue Syndrome : Caused by a defect in
the immune system
Infectious Mononucleosis/kissing disease : Caused
by the Epstein-barr virus(EBV) leading to an increase
in the number of WBC (monocytes and lymphocytes) .
Spread by saliva.
Lymphedema : Swelling due to fluid retention in the
tissue caused by lymphatic obstruction
Before After Rx
Rheumatoid Arthritis : Inflammation of the joints.
The damage is done by the confused cells of the
immune system that are activated by antibodies that
abnormally stick to the body’s own cells
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus : Immune disorder
affecting the whole body due to abnormal antibodies
sticking to the body’s own cells misleading the cells of the
immune system to destroy the body’s own cells
The End
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