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THE IMPACT OF CABOTAGE ACT ON ENTREPRENEURIAL
OPPORTUNITIES AND NIGERIAS ECONOMIC GROWTH
BY
AUGUSTINE NWEZE PhD
(MATRICULATION NUMBER: 8225)
BEING A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL
FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF THE DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY OF MANAGEMENT (IN
ENTREPRENUERSHIP) OF THE ST. CLEMENTS UNIVERSITY
JULY 2006.
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APPROVAL PAGE
This is to certify that this research project was carried out under our
strict supervision and has been approved for submission to the
Department in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of
the Doctor of Philosophy of St. Clements University.
...................................................... ..................................
Project Supervisor Academic Adviser
.
..
Administrator
St. Clements University
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DEDICATION
I dedicate this project to God Almighty, who is the foundation
of all knowledge; for His loving kindness to me throughout my
academic pursuit; for His divine providence, inspiration, financial
and other provisions.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
My late father had a dream for me to be educated at the highest
level in a reputable university in Europe or America. Though an
illiterate, my father left an instruction with my late elder brother that
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in case he did not survive the civil war that he (my elder brother)
must endeavor to send me to Cambridge for my university
education. Unfortunately he died when I was just in primary school
and could not live to see his dream come true.
My immediate elder brother, Christopher, whom my late father
instructed to ensure this dream was realized picked up from where
my father stopped. Again death called on April 5, 2006, when I was
putting finishing touches to this dissertation and took Christophers
life too.
This dissertation marks the end of a rigorous and long academic
pursuit, the realization of a dream, and the beginning of a new and
exciting career in academics.
There are several people, without their help, this investigation would
not have been possible and they are hereby acknowledged.
My sincere and profound gratitude goes to my academic adviser,
Prof. David Iornem, whom I have learned a great deal since our first
meeting in Kaduna in 1986, both on personal and academic levels.
I am highly indebted to Prof. Pat Utomi who supervised and helped
a great deal to shape the ideas contained in this dissertation. Prof.
Utomi also encouraged me to investigate this topic at a corporate
retreat event held for the management staff of National Maritime
Authority (NMA) in Ibadan. He was the one who told me and
encouraged me to further my academics. He guided me all the way
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from the questionnaire design stage to the actual writing of this
dissertation. I am grateful to him for also taking time off his ever
busy schedules to review the first drafts.
From Chief Chris Asoluka, a Maritime Lawyer and Consultant, I
learned a lot about the maritime industry. He not only granted me
interviews but also gave me materials on the subject or referred me
to where I could get them. To him I owe a lot of gratitude for his
advice right from the start, and also for being such an invaluable
resource.
I commend with gratitude the assistance given to me by the
following people: Momoh-Jimah Oyarekhua, a maritime
entrepreneur, Ray Ugochukwu, Joseph Akpa, A. C. Kambia, Eric
Ighalo, Emmanuel Offei, Nicholas and Eno Ekperi, Taiwo Akerele
and my able Chauffeur, Ogbonnaya Agwu who couriered the
manuscript to and from the computer typing center.
I am equally grateful to the following National Maritime Authority
(NMA) staff for granting me interviews (audience): Adejare
Shobayo, Director of Research, Vidon Jaule, Former Commercial
Director, Hajia Tumaka, Corporate Affairs, Irene McFoy, and Mr.
Igbecha both of Cabotage department, and other NMA staff I may
not mention their names due to lack of space. Many thanks to all
those who took sometime off their busy schedules to respond to the
survey questionnaires.
I say great thank you to my colleagues at the Lagos Business
School, Pan African University for their support and encouragement.
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Special mention must be made of Solomon Avbioroko for being a
good friend and a strategic ally and also for his wise counsel, Dr.
Obinna Muogboh for his encouragement, Prof. John Elegido and Dr.
Doyin Salami for indirectly goading and challenging me to further
pursue my academics, and not forgetting the amiable Prof. Albert
Alos, Vice Chancellor, Pan African University. To all of you I am
very grateful.
I am very grateful to true members of my extended family especially
my fathers children who believed in me both living and those who
died during my academic journey. They include: Chaka, Francis,
Queen, Joseph (Pa Joe), Christopher (diseased), Odi (diseased),
Ada, Lawrence (teacher), Sylvester, Aja (Bamoko), Chinweuba,
Elizabeth, Oyiri (Eunice), Ogonna, Engr. Odi Jr., Glory, Uzo, Maria,
Enyi, Oyiri (Aniezi), Cecilia, Nnenna.
I am deeply grateful to my late father, who had the dream of
educating me to the highest level. Many thanks also to my mother,
Mary Una Nweze and my younger sister, Queen Nweze-Eliogu who
supported me all through the journey. Queen was always
encouraging me to hang in there during my difficult moments. She
was always proud to have me as her brother. My mother taught me
to seek first my education and every other things will fall in place.
Finally, my special gratitude to my lovely wife, Barrister Gloria
Austin Nweze, and my wonderful children: Peniel, Beulah and
Hallel. They all burned the midnight candles with me. I am very
grateful to them for creating the right atmosphere for me to
concentrate, especially when writing this dissertation. I also want to
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thank them for their love which made it possible for me to strive to
be a better person always.
May God Almighty richly bless and reward all of you in your
endeavors.
ABSTRACT
It is imperatively impossible never to explore the avenues that exert
impact on the citizenry of Nigeria vis--vis an improvement on the
national per capita income, hence, improved national income and
standard of living. Cabotage as coastwise and/or inland water trade
has tremendous impact on the nations economy and of which, the
study is aimed at exploring the impact on the Nigerian Entrepreneur
through cargo reservation, transportation and haulage of wet and
dry cargo within and outside the Nigeria waterways. The study will
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invariably evoke, recreate and set in motion the profound
implementation of the cabotage so as to exhibit its true impact as
expected
Cabotage Act has a lot of business opportunities of which among
others are:
To radically enhance indigenous capital formation in
maritime business;
To transfer technology and technical skill, to Nigerians;
To drastically improve the maritime industry practitioners
management skills;
To create more jobs for Nigerians in the industry;
To improve our national finances, especially as regards to
foreign exchange conservation, and;
To enable Nigerians and government to have greater
control over our national maritime security.
It is the equal responsibility of the private, local, state and national
stakeholders to shape the strategies and actions necessary to
develop the desired state of the Nigerian Cabotage.
The cabotage that will host potentials, which will be technological
advanced, safe, secure, efficient, effective, accessible, globally
competitive, dynamic, affordable and environmentally a responsible
system.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
S/NO PARTICULARS PAGE
1. Title Page
2. Approval Page ii
3. Dedication iii
4. Acknowledgement iv
5. Abstract viii
6. List of Tables xxi
7. List of Figures or Illustrations xxiv
8. List of Appendices xxv
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CHAPTER ONE
1.0 Nigeria Maritime: The challenge of Economic
Growth in Nigeria - Introduction 1
The Nigerian Economy 1
The challenges 5
The Economy 10
Inflation Rate 10
Fiscal Operation 11
Government economic drive 11
Gross Domestic Product (GDP) 12
National Economic Empowerment and
Development strategy (NEEDS) 14
Macroeconomic and Stru
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