the latin verb the dictionary entry for a verb will give you the following information: - i-form of...

THE LATIN VERB

The dictionary entry for a verb will give you the following information:

- I-form of Present tense

- Infinitive (from which the other forms of the Present and also the Imperfect and Future are formed)

- I-form of Perfect (from which the other forms of the Perfect, the Past Perfect and the Future Perfect are formed)

- Past Participle (from which the Passive Perfect, Past Perfect and Future Perfect are formed)

EXAMPLES OF DICTIONARY ENTRIES

amō -āre -āvī -ātum love

moneō -ēre -uī -itum warnvideō -ēre vīdī visum seevincō -ere vīcī victum conqueraudiō -īre -īvī -ītumhear, listen

capiō -ere cēpī captum capture

Notice that to save space, some dictionaries do not repeat the letters before the ending if they do not change in the other parts of the verb.

PRESENT TENSE• The endings in nearly all verbs are:

– ō (I)– s (you –singular)– t (he/she/it)– mus (we)– tis (you –plural)– nt (they)

• The endings are normally linked to the verb by the signature vowel for each conjugation

These endings survive in modern Italian, but with changes

• The Italian endings are:– o– i– a or e– iamo– ate or ete or ite– ono

Present Tense - verbs with infinitive in -are

amō

Present Tense - verbs with infinitive in -are

amō

amās

Present Tense - verbs with infinitive in -āre

amō

amās

amat

Present Tense - verbs with infinitive in -āre

amō

amās

amat

amāmus

Present Tense - verbs with infinitive in -āre

amōamāsamatamāmusamātis

Present Tense - verbs with infinitive in -āre

amōamāsamatamāmusamātisamant

Present Tense - verbs with infinitive in -ēre

moneō

Present Tense - verbs with infinitive in -ēre

moneō

monēs

Present Tense - verbs with infinitive in -ēre

moneō

monēs

monet

Present Tense - verbs with infinitive in -ēre

moneō

monēs

monet

monēmus

Present Tense - verbs with infinitive in -ēre

moneōmonēs

monet

monēmus

monētis

Present Tense - verbs with infinitive in -ēre

moneōmonēs

monet

monēmus

monētis

monent

Present Tense - verbs with infinitive in -ere

regō

Present Tense - verbs with infinitive in -ere

regōregis

Present Tense - verbs with infinitive in -ere

regōregis

regit

Present Tense - verbs with infinitive in -ere

regōregis

regit

regimus

Present Tense - verbs with infinitive in -ere

regōregis

regit

regimus

regitis

Present Tense - verbs with infinitive in -ere

regōregis

regit

regimus

regitis

regunt

Present Tense - verbs with infinitive in -īre

audiō

Present Tense - verbs with infinitive in -īre

audiōaudīs

Present Tense - verbs with infinitive in -īre

audiōaudīs

audit

Present Tense - verbs with infinitive in -īre

audiōaudīs

audit

audīmus

Present Tense - verbs with infinitive in -īre

audiōaudīs

audit

audīmus

audītis

Present Tense - verbs with infinitive in -īre

audiōaudīs

audit

audīmus

audītis

audiunt

Present Tense - verbs with I-form in –iō and

infinitive in -erecapiō

Present Tense - verbs with I-form in –iō and

infinitive in -erecapiōcapis

Present Tense - verbs with I-form in –iō and

infinitive in -erecapiōcapis

capit

Present Tense - verbs with I-form in –iō and

infinitive in -erecapiōcapis

capit

capimus

Present Tense - verbs with I-form in –iō and

infinitive in -erecapiōcapis

capit

capimus

capitis

Present Tense - verbs with I-form in –iō and

infinitive in -erecapiōcapis

capit

capimus

capitis

capiunt

PRESENT TENSE OFesse (to be)

sum

PRESENT TENSE OFesse (to be)

sum

es

PRESENT TENSE OFesse (to be)

sum

es

est

PRESENT TENSE OFesse (to be)

sum

es

est

sumus

PRESENT TENSE OFesse (to be)

sum

es

est

sumus

estis

PRESENT TENSE OFesse (to be)

sum

es

est

sumus

estis

sunt

Imperfect TenseVerbs in – āre: -ābam - ābās –ābat –ābāmus - ābātis -ābant

Verbs in – ēre and most verbs in – ere:

-ēbam - ēbās –ēbat –ēbāmus - ēbātis - ēbant

Verbs with –iō ending for I-form in Present (including all with infinitive in –īre and a few

with infinitive in –ere) -iēbam - iēbās –iēbat –iēbāmus - iēbātis - iēbant

The verb esse has the formseram erās erat erāmus erātis erant

Imperfect Tense - verbs with infinitive in -āre

amābam

Imperfect Tense - verbs with infinitive in -āre

amābam

amābās

Imperfect Tense - verbs with infinitive in -āre

amābam

amābās

amābat

Imperfect Tense - verbs with infinitive in -āre

amābam

amābās

amābat

amābāmus

Imperfect Tense - verbs with infinitive in -āre

amābam

amābās

amābat

amābāmus

amābātis

Imperfect Tense - verbs with infinitive in -āre

amābam

amābās

amābat

amābāmus

amābātis

amābant

Imperfect Tense - verbs with infinitive in -ēre

monēbam

Imperfect Tense - verbs with infinitive in - ēre

monēbam

monēbās

Imperfect Tense - verbs with infinitive in - ēre

monēbam

monēbās

monēbat

Imperfect Tense - verbs with infinitive in - ēre

monēbam

monēbās

monēbat

monēbāmus

Imperfect Tense - verbs with infinitive in - ēre

monēbam

monēbās

monēbat

monēbāmus

monēbātis

Imperfect Tense - verbs with infinitive in - ēre

monēbam

monēbās

monēbat

monēbāmus

monēbātis

monēbant

Imperfect Tense - verbs in –ō and -ere

regēbam

Imperfect Tense - verbs in –ō and -ere

regēbam

regēbās

Imperfect Tense - verbs in –ō and -ere

regēbam

regēbās

regēbat

Imperfect Tense - verbs in –ō and -ere

regēbam

regēbās

regēbat

regēbāmus

Imperfect Tense - verbs in –ō and -ere

regēbam

regēbās

regēbat

regēbāmus

regēbātis

Imperfect Tense - verbs in –ō and -ere

regēbam

regēbās

regēbat

regēbāmus

regēbātis

regēbant

Imperfect Tense - verbs in –iō

capiēbam

Imperfect Tense - verbs in –iō

capiēbam

capiēbās

Imperfect Tense - verbs in –iō

capiēbam

capiēbās

capiēbat

Imperfect Tense - verbs in –iō

capiēbam

capiēbās

capiēbat

capiēbāmus

Imperfect Tense - verbs in –iō

capiēbam

capiēbās

capiēbat

capiēbāmus

capiēbātis

Imperfect Tense - verbs in –iō

capiēbam

capiēbās

capiēbat

capiēbāmus

capiēbātis

capiēbant

Imperfect Tense – the verb esse

eram

Imperfect Tense – the verb esse

eram

erās

Imperfect Tense – the verb esse

eram

erās

erat

Imperfect Tense – the verb esse

eram

erās

erat

erāmus

Imperfect Tense – the verb esse

eram

erās

erat

erāmus

erātis

Imperfect Tense – the verb esse

eram

erās

erat

erāmus

erātis

erant

Future TenseVerbs in – āre and – ēre use signature vowel plus `b’: -ā/ēbō - ā/ēbis –ā/ēbit –ā/ēbimus - ā/ēbitis -ā/ēbunt

Verbs in –ere and -īre add different endings. If they have the ending `-io’ in the present tense (as in the 4th and `3.5th’ group) there is an `i’ before each future ending)-(i)am - (i)ēs –(i)et –(i)ēmus - (i)ētis - (i)ent

The verb esse has the formserō eris erit erimus eritis erunt

Future Tense - verbs with infinitive in -āre

amābō

Future Tense - verbs with infinitive in -āre

amābō

amābis

Future Tense - verbs with infinitive in -āre

amābō

amābis

amābit

Future Tense - verbs with infinitive in -āre

amābō

amābis

amābit

amābimus

Future Tense - verbs with infinitive in -āre

amābō

amābis

amābit

amābimus

amābitis

Future Tense - verbs with infinitive in -āre

amābō

amābis

amābit

amābimus

amābitis

amābunt

Future Tense - verbs with infinitive in -ēre

monēbō

Future Tense - verbs with infinitive in -ēre

monēbō

monēbis

Future Tense - verbs with infinitive in -ēre

monēbō

monēbis

monēbit

Future Tense - verbs with infinitive in -ēre

monēbō

monēbis

monēbit

monēbimus

Future Tense - verbs with infinitive in -ēre

monēbō

monēbis

monēbit

monēbimus

monēbitis

Future Tense - verbs with infinitive in -ēre

monēbō

monēbis

monēbit

monēbimus

monēbitis

monēbunt

Future Tense - verbs in –ō and -ere

regam

Future Tense - verbs in –ō and -ere

regam

regēs

Future Tense - verbs in –ō and -ere

regam

regēs

reget

Future Tense - verbs in –ō and -ere

regam

regēs

reget

regēmus

Future Tense - verbs in –ō and -ere

regam

regēs

reget

regēmus

regētis

Future Tense - verbs in –ō and -ere

regam

regēs

reget

regēmus

regētis

regent

Future Tense - verbs in –iō

capiam

Future Tense - verbs in –iō

capiam

capiēs

Future Tense - verbs in –iō

capiam

capiēs

capiet

Future Tense - verbs in –iō

capiam

capiēs

capiet

capiēmus

Future Tense - verbs in –iō

capiam

capiēs

capiet

capiēmus

capiētis

Future Tense - verbs in –iō

capiam

capiēs

capiet

capiēmus

capiētis

capient

Future Tense – the verb esse

erō

Future Tense – the verb esse

erō

eris

Future Tense – the verb esse

erō

eris

erit

Future Tense – the verb esse

erō

eris

erit

erimus

Future Tense – the verb esse

erō

eris

erit

erimus

eritis

Future Tense – the verb esse

erō

eris

erit

erimus

eritis

erunt

PERFECT TENSE

Formed by the perfect base (seen in the second part of the verb in a dictionary) and the endings:

-ī -imus

-istī -istis

-it -ērunt

PERFECT OFamō -āre -āvī -ātum love

amāvī

PERFECT OFamō -āre -āvī -ātum love

amāvī

amāvistī

PERFECT OFamō -āre -āvī -ātum love

amāvī

amāvistī

amāvit

PERFECT OFamō -āre -āvī -ātum love

amāvī

amāvistī

amāvit

amāvimus

PERFECT OFamō -āre -āvī -ātum love

amāvī

amāvistī

amāvit

amāvimus

amāvistis

PERFECT OFamō -āre -āvī -ātum love

amāvī

amāvistī

amāvit

amāvimus

amāvistis

amāvērunt

PERFECT OFmoneō -ēre -uī -itum warn

monuī

PERFECT OFmoneō -ēre -uī -itum warn

monuī

monuistī

PERFECT OFmoneō -ēre -uī -itum warn

monuī

monuistī

monuit

PERFECT OFmoneō -ēre -uī -itum warn

monuī

monuistī

monuit

monuimus

PERFECT OFmoneō -ēre -uī -itum warn

monuī

monuistī

monuit

monuimus

monuistis

PERFECT OFmoneō -ēre -uī -itum warn

monuī

monuistī

monuit

monuimus

monuistis

monuērunt

PERFECT OFvincō -ere vīcī victum conquer

vīcī

PERFECT OFvincō -ere vīcī victum conquer

vīcī

vīcistī

PERFECT OFvincō -ere vīcī victum conquer

vīcī

vīcistī

vīcit

PERFECT OFvincō -ere vīcī victum conquer

vīcī

vīcistī

vīcit

vīcimus

PERFECT OFvincō -ere vīcī victum conquer

vīcī

vīcistī

vīcit

vīcimus

vīcistis

PERFECT OFvincō -ere vīcī victum conquer

vīcī

vīcistī

vīcit

vīcimus

vīcistis

vīcērunt

PERFECT OFaudiō -īre -īvī -ītum hear

audīvī

PERFECT OFaudiō -īre -īvī -ītum hear

audīvī

audīvistī

PERFECT OFaudiō -īre -īvī -ītum hear

audīvī

audīvistī

audīvit

PERFECT OFaudiō -īre -īvī -ītum hear

audīvī

audīvistī

audīvit

audīvimus

PERFECT OFaudiō -īre -īvī -ītum hear

audīvī

audīvistī

audīvit

audīvimus

audīvistis

PERFECT OFaudiō -īre -īvī -ītum hear

audīvī

audīvistī

audīvit

audīvimus

audīvistis

audīvērunt

PERFECT OFsum esse fuī be

fuī

PERFECT OFsum esse fuī be

fuī

fuistī

PERFECT OFsum esse fuī be

fuī

fuistī

fuit

PERFECT OFsum esse fuī be

fuī

fuistī

fuit

fuimus

PERFECT OFsum esse fuī be

fuī

fuistī

fuit

fuimus

fuistis

PERFECT OFsum esse fuī be

fuī

fuistī

fuit

fuimus

fuistis

fuērunt

PLUPERFECTFormed by adding the Imperfect of esse to the

Perfect Base

amō -āre -āvi -ātum love

amāveram

PAST PERFECTFormed by adding the Imperfect of esse to the

Perfect Base

amō -āre -āvi -ātum love

amāveram

amāverās

PAST PERFECTFormed by adding the Imperfect of esse to the

Perfect Base

amō -āre -āvi -ātum love

amāveram

amāverās

amāverat

PAST PERFECTFormed by adding the Imperfect of esse to the

Perfect Base

amō -āre -āvi -ātum love

amāveram

amāverās

amāverat

amāverāmus

PAST PERFECTFormed by adding the Imperfect of esse to the

Perfect Base

amō -āre -āvi -ātum love

amāveram

amāverās

amāverat

amāverāmus

amāverātis

PAST PERFECTFormed by adding the Imperfect of esse to the Perfect Base

amō -āre -āvi -ātum love

amāveram

amāverās

amāverat

amāverāmus

amāverātis

amāverant

PAST PERFECT OFmoneō -ēre -uī -itum warn

monueram

PAST PERFECT OFmoneō -ēre -uī -ītum warn

monueram

monuerās

PAST PERFECT OFmoneō -ēre -uī -itum warn

monueram

monuerās

monuerat

PAST PERFECT OFmoneō -ēre -uī -itum warn

monueram

monuerās

monuerat

monuerāmus

PAST PERFECT OFmoneō -ēre -uī -itum warn

monueram

monuerās

monuerat

monuerāmus

monuerātis

PAST PERFECT OFmoneō -ēre -uī -itum warn

monueram

monuerās

monuerat

monuerāmus

monuerātis

monuerant

PAST PERFECT OFvincō -ere vīcī victum conquer

vīceram

PAST PERFECT OFvincō -ere vīcī victum conquer

vīceram

vīcerās

PAST PERFECT OFvincō -ere vīcī victum conquer

vīceram

vīcerās

vīcerat

PAST PERFECT OFvincō -ere vīcī victum conquer

vīceram

vīcerās

vīcerat

vīcerāmus

PAST PERFECT OFvincō -ere vīcī victum conquer

vīceram

vīcerās

vīcerat

vīcerāmus

vīcerātis

PAST PERFECT OFvincō -ere vīcī victum conquer

vīceram

vīcerās

vīcerat

vīcerāmus

vīcerātis

vīcerant

PAST PERFECT OFaudiō -īre -īvī -ītum hear

audīveram

PAST PERFECT OFaudiō -īre -īvī -ītum hear

audīveram

audīverās

PAST PERFECT OFaudiō -īre -īvī -ītum hear

audīveram

audīverās

audīverat

PAST PERFECT OFaudiō -īre -īvī -ītum hear

audīveram

audīverās

audīverat

audīverāmus

PAST PERFECT OFaudiō -īre -īvī -ītum hear

audīveram

audīverās

audīverat

audīverāmus

audīverātis

PAST PERFECT OFaudiō -īre -īvī -ītum hear

audīveram

audīverās

audīverat

audīverāmus

audīverātis

audīverant

PAST PERFECT OFsum esse fuī be

fueram

PAST PERFECT OFsum esse fuī be

fueram

fuerās

PAST PERFECT OFsum esse fuī be

fueram

fuerās

fuerat

PAST PERFECT OFsum esse fuī be

fueram

fuerās

fuerat

fuerāmus

PAST PERFECT OFsum esse fuī be

fueram

fuerās

fuerat

fuerāmus

fuerātis

PAST PERFECT OFsum esse fuī be

fueram

fuerās

fuerat

fuerāmus

fuerātis

fuerant

FUTURE PERFECTFormed by adding the Future of esse to the

Perfect Base – erunt changes to erint

amō -āre -āvi -ātum love

amāverō

FUTURE PERFECTFormed by adding the Future of esse to the

Perfect Base – erunt changes to erint

amō -āre -āvi -ātum love

amāverō

amāveris

FUTURE PERFECTFormed by adding the Future of esse to the

Perfect Base – erunt changes to erint

amō -āre -āvi -ātum love

amāverō

amāveris

amāverit

FUTURE PERFECTFormed by adding the Future of esse to the

Perfect Base – erunt changes to erint

amō -āre -āvi -ātum love

amāverō

amāveris

amāverit

amāverimus

FUTURE PERFECTFormed by adding the Future of esse to the

Perfect Base – erunt changes to erint

amō -āre -āvi -ātum love

amāverō

amāveris

amāverit

amāverimus

amāveritis

FUTURE PERFECTFormed by adding the Future of esse to the

Perfect Base – erunt changes to erint

amō -āre -āvi -ātum love

amāverō

amāveris

amāverit

amāverimus

amāveritis

amāverint

FUTURE PERFECT OFmoneō -ēre -uī -itum warn

monuerō

FUTURE PERFECT OFmoneō -ēre -uī -itum warn

monuerō

monueris

FUTURE PERFECT OFmoneō -ēre -uī -itum warn

monuerō

monueris

monuerit

FUTURE PERFECT OFmoneō -ēre -uī -itum warn

monuerō

monueris

monuerit

monuerimus

FUTURE PERFECT OFmoneō -ēre -uī -itum warn

monuerō

monueris

monuerit

monuerimus

monueritis

FUTURE PERFECT OFmoneō -ēre -uī -itum warn

monuerō

monueris

monuerit

monuerimus

monueritis

monuerint

FUTURE PERFECT OFvincō -ere vīcī victum conquer

vīcerō

FUTURE PERFECT OFvincō -ere vīcī victum conquer

vīcerō

vīceris

FUTURE PERFECT OFvincō -ere vīcī victum conquer

vīcerō

vīceris

vīcerit

FUTURE PERFECT OFvincō -ere vīcī victum conquer

vīcerō

vīceris

vīcerit

vīcerimus

FUTURE PERFECT OFvincō -ere vīcī victum conquer

vīcerō

vīceris

vīcerit

vīcerimus

vīceritis

vīcerint

FUTURE PERFECT OFvincō -ere vīcī victum conquer

vīcerō

vīceris

vīcerit

vīcerimus

vīceritis

vīcerint

FUTURE PERFECT OFaudiō -īre -īvī -ītum hear

audīverō

FUTURE PERFECT OFaudiō -īre -īvī -ītum hear

audīverō

audīveris

FUTURE PERFECT OFaudiō -īre -īvī -ītum hear

audīverō

audīveris

audīverit

FUTURE PERFECT OFaudiō -īre -īvī -ītum hear

audīverō

audīveris

audīverit

audīverimus

FUTURE PERFECT OFaudiō -īre -īvī -ītum hear

audīverō

audīveris

audīverit

audīverimus

audīveritis

FUTURE PERFECT OFaudiō -īre -īvī -ītum hear

audīverō

audīveris

audīverit

audīverimus

audīveritis

audīverint

FUTURE PERFECT OFsum esse fuī be

fuerō

FUTURE PERFECT OFsum esse fuī be

fuerō

fueris

FUTURE PERFECT OFsum esse fuī be

fuerō

fueris

fuerit

FUTURE PERFECT OFsum esse fuī be

fuerō

fueris

fuerit

fuerimus

FUTURE PERFECT OFsum esse fuī be

fuerō

fueris

fuerit

fuerimus

fueritis

FUTURE PERFECT OFsum esse fuī be

fuerō

fueris

fuerit

fuerimus

fueritis

fuerint