the leaders of russia...
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The Leaders of Russia
1800-1914
Were the people ever happy
with their leaders?
Peace, Land and Bread!!
SIBERIA
2
SIBERIA IS -50 AT TIMES
HOW COLD IS THAT?
Alexander I: 1801-1825 Russia was mostly an
Agricultural country where
feudalism and serfdom and
still very much alive.
Nobles had unlimited
power and could buy and
sell serfs.
Alexander I will die
suddenly of a fever.
He was an AUTOCRAT,
which is Greek for rule by
oneself.
Fun Fact: 26,000 miles of coastline in Russia
Nicholas I: 1825-1855
Decembrists Revolt: 1825 will be led by army officers (got ideas from Napoleon)
Lots of people got sent to Siberia
1825-54: Crushed 500 peasant uprisings
Secret police- If you mentioned change or reform you would be arrested.
Little or no education took place.
FF:10,000 miles of frontier
Alexander II: 1855-1881 Crimean War: got beat
by France/Great Britain
on there own soil.
British rifles could shoot
200 yards further.
Russia was far behind in
technology. (150 years)
1860-1873 First Railway
boom.
Alexander III: 1881-1894
Serfdom will end in 1861
People would be
allowed trials.
Land goes to the nobles.
Alexander gets killed by
a bomb.
Just like Nicholas I
This man’s brother tried to assassinate
Alexander III, sentenced to death and
Lenin witnessed
Nicholas II: 1894-1917
21 countries border Russia
8
Nicholas II: 1894-1917
Students will begin to study Karl Marx and
communism.
“I shall maintain the principle of autocracy”
An Enlightenment of sorts was taking place.
1904 Russo-Japanese War: the Czar
figured a war would shift attention away from
their problems to other things.
The Japanese would WIN!
Alexis: a son is born 1904-1917
10
The Revolution 1905: 200,000 workers and their families approached the palace asking
for better working conditions.
His Generals ordered that the soldiers fire on the crowd and 500-1000 died.
This was called Bloody Sunday. Widespread
strikes no negotiations.
The Czar knew that he could no longer ignore the people and established the first DUMA! (like a Parliament)
The DUMA will dissolve in 4 months. (representative assembly)
Moderates will push for a CONSTITUTION but Nicholas II will block all attempts.
10
Rasputin and Cheka: 1916-1919 Nicholas II will begin
to prepare for WWI.
This was one of the worst decisions of his life.
His son Alexis was a hemophiliac: blood does not clot.
Rasputin: Holy man that will influence the Czarina. (Alexandra)First head of Cheka
CHEKA: A secret police
who executed ordinary
citizens, and this is
when the forced labor
camps came into
existence. Later known
as the KGB.
12
World War I and Russia 1914-1917:
2 million dead if you go to war you forget your problems!
WWI will UNITE Russia & create National PRIDE
They could not produce enough, many soldiers had no
rifles or bullets.
Nicholas II will leave Russia and go to the
front. (Why?)
Food and fuel shortages forced Russia out
of the war.
People came home wanting bread and peace.
13
The Revolutionaries: 1917
They were divided into 2 groups:
Bolsheviks: The majority
party led by Lenin and who
wanted to set up a
dictatorship. (REDS)This was
an overthrow of the govt.
Mensheviks: The minority who
disagreed with the plan of taking
over the government. They
wanted to move more slowly
through the use of higher wages,
suffrage, and welfare programs.
The Peasants: Social
Revolutionaries who
wanted land distributed
fairly.
The Industrial Workers:
Social Democrats who
were embracing Karl
Marx’s ideas that the
working class would one
day overthrow the ruling
class. (split into 2 groups)
The White Army will fight the Bolsheviks, 1918-1920 15 million die
V.I. Lenin
Brother was
killed for
trying to kill
Tsar.
1917
Lenin was
Exiled, Siberia
And then to Switzerland.
L.Trotsky
14
Karl Marx: What is Marxism?
Karl Marx was trying to develop a critique of society
which he claimed was both scientific and revolutionary.
Said that,”Power should be held by workers.”
“Workers will unite across national borders to wage
class warfare.” How does that workout?
The theory seeks the elimination of private property
in order to gain control of the economic "means of
production" by taking it from the bourgeois (the
wealthy or propertied class) for the benefit of the
proletariat (working class.)
15
PEACE LAND AND BREAD
Germany tried to help Lenin return to Russia.
His slogan was “Peace, Land, and Bread”
This was the beginning of the socialist order,
first was to divide all the farm land up.
Lenin thought the Socialist revolution was
going to spread to Germany.
Germany lost the war and it did not spread.
15Peace, Land and Bread!!
16
Treaty of Brest Litovsk 1918:
Russia will adopt a modern
calendar in 1918 as they were
behind the rest of Europe by 13
days.
1918 Germany will sign Treaty of
Brest Litovsk with Russia giving
up a huge chunk of land and
territory.
Russia lost 300,000 miles
Louisiana purchase
820,000 miles
Civil War will rage
on in Russia for 3
years. Reds vs.
White (counter
revolutionaries.
The Allies actually
Intervened
And tried to help
The whites win.
This did nothing
17
The scattered foes of the Revolution were defeated by 1921.
This flag will symbolize the union of the workers and the peasants.
THE END
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