the middle east arab israeli conflict i. background a. palestinians are arabs b. palestinians/arabs...
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The Middle East
Arab Israeli Conflict
I. Background
• A. Palestinians are Arabs
• B. Palestinians/Arabs are mostly Muslim
• C. 70 AD- Jews are kicked out of Jerusalem by Rome, they popululate Europe– 1. Hundreds of years of Jewish oppression of Jews
include; Pogroms, inquisitions, and the Holocaust– 2. Jews in Europe become tired of persecution and
anti-Semitism
• D. 1890’s the Zionism movement gains strength – 1. Zionism – the desire for a Jewish homeland – Theodore Hertzl – promoter of movement– European Jews began buying land in traditional
homeland (then, known as Palestine)
The result of a pogrom against Jews in Russia in 1905Many in Russia wrongly blamed the Jews for the assassination of Tsar Nicholas II.
Image from: wikipedia.org
Images from: wikipedia.org
A land auction in 1909 – the results of which were the beginningsof modern-day Tel-Aviv.
II. WWI
• A. Britain at war with Ottoman Empire (who control Palestine)
• B. To gain support, the British promise Palestinians independence and Jews a homeland– 1917 Balfour Declaration – Gave the Jewish
Zionists the support of the British Government• C. 1920 British Mandate – Britain controls all of
Palestine and grants no Jewish homeland or Arab independence
From:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:BritishMandatePalestine1920.jpg
WWII
• A. Following the Holocaust, there is a push from the UN to grant the Jews a homeland
• B. 1947 UN Partition Plan- British turn over control of Palestine – 1. Areas are created for Arabs (Palestine) and Jews
(Israel)– May 14, 1948 – State of Israel Declared
Which side is not happy with this?
IV. Conflict Begins
• A. 1948 War– 1. May 15, 1948, Egypt, Syria, Jordan, Iraq, and
Lebanon attack Israel– 2. Israel wins; Israel gains more land and a million
Palestinian refugees are created• B. 1967 War/ Six Days war
– 1. Egypt and Syria prepare to invade Israel– 2. Israel strikes first and takes even more territory
• C. Yom Kippur War
• D. 1982 Lebanon War– 1. Israeli troops push into southern Lebanon – goal: to
push back Palestinian militants (PLO)– 2. PLO was forced to withdrawl from Lebanon
To Israelis: “The War of Independence”
To Palestinians: al Nakba (translation – “The Catastrophe”)
Result of 1948 WarNow who’s happy?
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c4/1967_Six_Day_War_-_conquest_of_Sinai_7-8_June.jpg
From: http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=10619929
V. PLO and Others• A. Palestinian Liberation Organization - PLO• B. Created in 1964 – goal: destroy Israel and create
Palestinian homeland• C. Yasser Arafat – leader until 2005 death • D. PLO is considered a terrorist organization to Israel
and most Western countries– 1. Today called Palestinian National Authority – PNA, Led by
Mahmoud Abbas, governs West Bank– 2. Intifada – “the shaking” - uprising against Israeli, there have
been sevral of them• A. 1st: 1987-1993: 1,500 Palestinians; 400 Israelis killed• B. 2nd (aka Al Aqsa Intifada): 2000-present…
– 3. The PLO has been blamed for the Munich Olympics massacre
• E. Hamas – Arab extremist group, currently controls/governs Gaza Strip
2nd Intifada
Bus bombing in Jerusalem
Israeli troops vs. Palestinians
III. Attempts at Peace
• A. 1979: Camp David Accords– 1. Sadat(Egypt), Begin(Israel), Jimmy Carter (US)– 2. Sadat later assassinated by Muslim Extremists
• B. 1993: Oslo Accords– 1. Arafat(Palestinians), Rabin(Israel), Bill Clinton(US)– 2. PNA (Palestinian National Authority) was created to govern
areas under Palestinian control– 3. Israel had to withdrawal from Gaza and West Bank– 4. Rabin later assassinated
• C. 2003: Roadmap to Peace – Abbas(Palestine), Sharon(Israel) Bush(US)– Goal: A “Two State solution”: two independent states
1978 Camp David Accords
Sadat’s assassination
1993 Oslo Accords
After Rabin’s assassination
From: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Red_Sea_Summit_in_Aqaba.jpg
IV. Now• A. Israel is in the process of building a giant wall
separating the West Bank from Israel– 1. Goal is to keep out suicide bombers– 2. Palestine is divided in half– 3. Drawn protest from both sides
• B. Israel continues to build settlements in disputed territory prompting violent reaction from the PNA, Hamas, Al Aqsa and others
• C. In 2006, Hamas was democratically elected to rule Gaza- makes foreign relations difficult
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