the mining engineer 2012
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The Mining EngineerNewsletter for the Mining Engineering Program
October 2012
Missouri university of science and technology founded 1870 Mining Engineering 226 McNutt Hall | Rolla, MO 65409-0450 | 573-341-4753 | mining@mst.edu | mining.mst.edu
EXECUTIVE FORUMS
Executive Forum I: Global Opportunities & ChallengesExecutive Forum II: Talent for Global CompetitionExecutive Forum III: Student Forum (organized & moderated by students with student presenters)
TECHNICAL SESSIONS
Session I Investment Risks & Opportunities
Session II Technology Transfer Risks & Challenges
Session III Novel Technologies and Knowledge Gap
Session IV Global Venture Capital Acquisition & Financing
Session V International Project Management
Session VI Global Minerals Engineering Education
Session VII Global Sustainable Development
Session VIII Global Mine Safety & Health
Session IX Global Markets & Trading Dynamics
September 09 – 12, 2013
In this Issue...
Message from the Department ChairProfile of Faculty and StaffWelcome New Faculty MembersEnrollment continues to growUpdate from Experimental MineStudent Orgnization UpdatesUpdate on Faculty Research 2012 Phonathon Donors2012 Development Board2013 IME Conference Announcement
The 2020 Vision in the FY2010‐20 Strategic
Plan states, “Missouri S&T will be recognized
as the global university of choice for mining
engineering education, research and graduate
employees for the mining industry.” In line
with this vision, the Department made
progress in capacity expansion for research
and education in AY2011‐12. The 2006‐12
Mining Engineering enrollment growth is as
follows: (i) total enrollment is 88% from 155
(2006) to 291 (2012); (ii) undergraduate
enrollment is 50% from 123 to 184; (iii)
graduate enrollment is 234% from 32 to 107;
and (iv) PhD enrollment is 317% from 6 to 25.
Missouri S&T has the largest mining
engineering program in the United States
based on the 2011 Enrollment Statistics
published by SME. The Department also ranks
7th out of the 20 academic departments at
Missouri S&T based on the End of 4th Week
Enrollment from the Office of the Registrar in
spring 2012.
The graduation rate also increased by 267%
from 15 (in 2006‐07) to its largest of 55 (in
2011‐12), with 100% placement and the
highest average starting salary of $73,000. In
addition to academic and professional
excellence, our students also made impressive
achievements in collegiate mining
competitions. At the 2012 International
Intercollegiate Mucking Competition in
Cornwall, United Kingdom, the Lady Mucking
Team B won the Women’s Trophy as World
Champions. The Men’s Team A won the North
American Championship and placed 2nd overall
after an Aussie Team. At the 2012 NSSGA‐
SME Mine Design Competition in Seattle, our
Team A made an impressive finish in the second round of the completion. At the
2012 Professional Mine Rescue Competition in Rolla, MO, Missouri S&T’s Gold
Team won the Underground Competition, beating all the 12 industry teams and
Missouri S&T’s Black Team.
Building on the success of the Master Science in Explosives Engineering that was
approved in April 2010, the Department is currently working on a proposal to
implement a PhD degree program in Explosives Engineering. The Department is
also leading an effort to establish a Master of Science degree in Mineral Process
Engineering in collaboration with Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering. As part
of an effort to increase the faculty size, Dr. Nassib S. Aouad (PhD, Missouri S&T),
Assistant Teaching Professor, with specialty in Mine Mechanical Engineering, and
Dr. Lana Z. Alagha (PhD, University of Texas‐Dallas), Assistant Professor, with
specialty in Mineral Processing were added to the Department. The faculty, in
collaboration with faculty members from Missouri S&T, other universities,
research organizations and industry are leading multi‐million dollar research
efforts to expand frontiers and advance knowledge.
The Department took specific initiatives to expand its research and education
capacity. As part of its capacity expansion and renewal initiatives begun in 2009,
the Department completed the Virtual Surface Mining Simulator, which was
unveiled by Chancellor Schrader on April 08, 2012. This facility will be used for
research and education. Significant progress was also made on the Energetic
Research Facility and the new Experimental Mine Building. Upon completion,
these two facilities will expand our education and research capacity in mining and
explosives engineering.
The Department also expanded its global footprints within the last 5 years into
China, Indonesia and Saudi Arabia. In China, the Department will establish a new
Department of Mining and Mineral Process Engineering at Sichuan Missouri
University in Sichuan Province. In Saudi Arabia, the Department will establish a
new Saudi Mining Polytechnic (SMP) to train professionals for the emerging
mining industry. The efforts in Indonesia will focus on establishing the
Department of Mining and Environmental Engineering at the State Islamic
University of Indonesia. These efforts will yield enormous dividends to expand
S&T’s Mining Engineering Program and provide opportunities for global exposure
to our faculty, staff and students.
Missouri S&T has succeeded in producing highly qualified graduates for the
industry and we take pride in their achievements. The faculty and staff members
have created environments, which contribute to student success. The
contribution by the Board, Academy, industry and alumni has been outstanding.
As it embarks on the AY2012‐13, the Department will continue to be guided by its
five strategic initiatives in the FY2010‐20 Strategic Plan. These initiatives include
(i) maintaining and expanding outstanding mining engineering education
portfolio; (ii) enriching the student experience; (iii) broadening mining engineering
research; (iv) expanding S&T’s mining engineering capacity; and (v) strengthening
national and global partnerships. The vision of global leadership will be achieved
through our core values (excellence, ethics, experience, exposure, leadership,
passion, and tradition) that form the basis of Missouri S&T’s tradition of
excellence. Thank you for your support!!
Samuel Frimpong, PhD, PEng
Professor and Chair
Robert H. Quenon Endowed Chair
Sustaining Growing Programs with a Critical Mass of Faculty and Staff
The Department offers BS, MS/ME, PhD, and DE in Mining
Engineering and MS in Explosives Engineering. We are
currently developing a proposal to offer a PhD program in
Explosives Engineering, as well as a future graduate program
in Mineral Process Engineering. One of the essential
ingredients for sustaining strong program growth is a critical
mass of highly qualified and dedicated faculty with research
and education capacity. Another important ingredient is a
critical mass of staff members who provide important services
critical to the core mission. Traditionally, mining engineering
programs have been very small with few faculty and staff
positions. Missouri Set’s Mining Engineering has grown
significantly within the last six years. Our global footprints
have extended from Australia, Brazil, Botswana, China, Ghana,
and Indonesia to Saudi Arabia. In Botswana, China, and Saudi
Arabia, our efforts are substantial. Our annual research
capacity has been between $2 and $4 million and is expected
to increase to between $5 and $7 million within the next year.
With the growing programs, the number of faculty has
increased slowly from 7 (in 2007) to a complement of 11 (with
a potential for a 12th position if the program for the Sichuan
Missouri University in China program is implemented). The
Table below shows the additional faculty with increasing
program expansion. Given the amount and the intensity of
work, we still need additional faculty members to sustain the
growth of the education and research programs. Despite this
small number, the faculty members have worked hard with a
collective understanding of excellence in research and
education.
Periodic Faculty Additions with Growth
YEAR FACULTY POSITION RATIONALE
2008 One (Explosives Eng) Growing capacity in explosives research and education and the introduction of the MS degree program
2009 One (Mining Eng) Resulted from the Missouri S&T – University of Botswana academic program; will be filled in the specialty
area of Mineral Process Engineering
2010 One (Mining Eng) Resulted from the retirement of David Summers, Curators’ Professor Emeritus and former Director of the
Rock Mechanics and Explosives Research Center; will be filled in the specialty are of Underground Mining
2012 One (Mining Eng) A future Endowed Chair position that comes from the Missouri S&T – SMP Program in Saudi Arabia
2013 One (Mining Eng) A potential faculty position in Mining Engineering upon the inception of the Sichuan Missouri University
One of the core strengths of S&T Mining and Explosives
Engineering is the set of attributes that qualify the
administrative and technical staff in the Department. The S&T
Experimental Mine is the consummate laboratory for the Mining
and Explosives Engineering programs. The laboratory sessions
for several courses in the programs are taught at the Mine, as
well as providing environments for research initiatives, mine
rescue and mucking competitions and haunted mine activities.
The leadership provided by the Mine Supervisor and Assistant
Mine Supervisor has been superb. In addition, the two leaders
have been great counselors and mentors to a number of
undergraduate students in the programs in the areas of summer
and COOP internships and career placements. The Department
has outstanding administrative staff, which works hard beyond
the call of duty to support its education, research, and service
mandate. Despite the growth, Missouri S&T support only one
and half technical staff positions and one administrative position
in Mining and Explosives Engineering. The rest are supported on
soft dollars (i.e., non‐budgeted dollars).
Meet the people who are responsible for shaping the Department’s education, research and service mandate!!
Samuel Frimpong, PhD, PEng
Professor and Chair
Robert Quenon Endowed Chair
RESEARCH AREAS: Surface
Mining; Excavation Engineering;
Machine Dynamics, Health and
Longevity; Machine‐Formation
Interactions; Formation
Deformation Mechanics; Novel
Oil Sands Mining; Stochastic
Processes; Risks and Hazards
Engineering
RESEARCH AREAS: Underground
Mining Methods; Mine
Atmospheric Control; Mineral
Economics; Mine Health and
Safety
Stewart A. Gillies, PhD
Professor and Director, RMERC
Rocky Mountain Energy Prof.
RESPONSIBILITY AREAS:
Experimental Mine Supervision;
Manages & Directs Mine Tours;
Mine Rescue & Mucking
Advisor; Assists Chair in
Planning for Future Use of
Experimental Mine
Jimmie Taylor Sr.
Experimental Mine Supervisor
RESPONSIBILITY AREAS:
Experimental Mine Supervision;
Assists Mine Safety Class &
MSHA Certification
Maintenance; Supervises
Student Assistants; Mine
Simulator and Explosives
Summer Camp Staff;
Curtis D. Phelps
Sr. Lab Mechanic
Asst. Mine Supervisor
RESPONSIBILITY AREAS:
Executive Assistant to Chair;
Administer Advance & Joe’ss;
Administer Newsletter, Website
& Desktop Publishing;
Coordinator for Explosives
Camp; Administer Budgets,
Phonathon & Fundraising;
Coordinate Conferences &
Meetings; Contact with
Industry, Alums
Barbara A. Robertson
Administrative Assistant
“Chief Cook & Bottle Washer”
Judy Russell
Administrative Assistant
RESPONSIBILITY AREAS:
Administer Distance Education;
Administer Mines & Metallurgy
Academy Activities; Assist with
Blackboard; Grant Proposals on
People Soft; General
Administrative Duties– Chair,
Faculty, Students & Other
Departments
Shirley Hall
Senior Secretary
RESPONSIBILITY AREAS:
Administer Graduate Students
Files; Primary Industry Contact
on Interviews and Info Sessions;
Assist with Blackboard; General
Administrative Duties – Chair,
Faculty, Students & Other
Departments; Travel and
Reimbursements
Welcome to Dr. Nassib Aouad
Last November, Dr. Nassib Aouad joined the faculty as an assistant professor and director of the online program. Dur-ing this past year, Dr. Aouad’s efforts were steered toward recruiting new students to be mining engineers, expanding the online certificate and master of engineering programs as well as conducting extensive research on truck vibrations.
He is part of the Heavy Machinery Research Group and is currently CO-PI on a CDC-NIOSH grant investigating the “Engineering Solutions for Dump Truck Vibrations and Impact on Operator Safety in High-Impact Shovel Loading Opera-tions”. As part of this research group, he is investigating the Machinery and Whole Body Vibrations using MSC.ADAMS by creating system numerical models and virtual prototypes which allow extensive simulation scenarios in various severe environments. During this past year, Dr. Aouad was focusing on reducing the vertical acceleration on the truck operator’s seat and working on introducing commercialized components to retrofit the trucks to achieve lower accelerations and a safer working environment.
Welcome to Dr. Lana Alagha
Dr. Lana Alagha has joined mining and nuclear engineering de-partment at Missouri S&T in August 2012. She obtained her PhD degree from the University of Texas at Dallas in 2007. After that, Dr. Alagha moved to Canada and worked as an adjunct faculty member at Mount Royal University in Calgary, Alberta, Canada from the period of 2008 – 2009. In February 2009, she joined the department of chemical and material engineering at the Univer-sity of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada as a postdoctoral fellow work-ing on oil sands ore processing. Dr. Alagha’s research areas focus on applying surface science and nanotechnology in treatment of tailings wastes produced from mining operations. Dr. Alagha is looking forward to initiate a new direction in mineral processing fundamental research at Missouri S&T based on applying polymer science and nanotechnology to enhance the aggregation of fine and ultrafine particles in the processing of mineral ores. About her teaching interests, she is interested in all subjects that deal with interfacial science such as mineral processing, flotation, hydromet-allurgy, colloids, etc. “I am really impressed by the family atmo-sphere here and everybody is volunteering to help”, Dr. Alagha said about her department as she is also enjoying her life in Rolla.
Paul N. Worsey, PhD, CEng
Professor & Director,
Explosives Engineering
RESEARCH AREAS: Explosives
Engineering; Drilling and Blasting;
Commercial Pyrotechnics;
Demolition
Jerry C. Tien, PhD, PE
Associate Professor & S&T China
Liaison
RESEARCH AREAS: Underground
Mining Methods; Mine
Atmospheric Control; Mine
Health and Safety; Operations
Research; Mineral Economics;
Diesel Particulate Matter; Mine
Fire Simulation
Jason Baird, PhD
Associate Professor & Assistant
Director, RMERC
RESEARCH AREAS: Blast and
Ballistic‐Resistant Structures;
Advanced Blasting and
Demolition; Energetic Materials;
Advanced Polymeric and
Composite Materials; Explosive
Taggants; Explosives‐Driven
Pulsed Power; Plasma Effects on
Explosion Shocks for Pulsed
Power
RESEARCH AREAS: Mineral‐Coal
Processing; Synthetic Fuels;
Waterjet/Hydraulic Mining;
Nanoparticulate Coal Science
Integrated Manufacturing
Processes
Grzegorz Galecki, PhD
Associate Professor & Director
of Mineral Processing
RESEARCH AREAS: Rock
Mechanics, Ground Control,
Microseismic Monitoring,
Geophysical Methods in Mines,
Acoustic Emission,
Nondestructive Testing
Maochen Ge, PhD
Associate Professor
RESEARCH AREAS: Surface
Mining, Sustainability,
Reclamation and post‐mining
land use, Geostatistics,
Machine‐Formation
Interactions, Modeling,
Simulation and Optimization of
Mining Systems
Kwame Awuah‐Offei, PhD
Assistant Professor & Graduate
Coordinator
Nassib S. Aouad, PhD
Assistant Professor & Director
of Distance Education
RESEARCH AREAS: Mechanical
Design and Automation; Machine
Health and Fatigue Analysis;
Machinery and Whole Body
Vibrations; Advanced Vibrations
Modeling and Analysis; Numerical
Modeling and Simulation; Virtual
Prototyping; Computational Fluid
Dynamics
RESEARCH AREAS: Oil Sands Ore
Processing, Tailings
Management, Polymer Science,
Nanotechnology, Interfacial
Science, Colloidal Interactions in
Aqueous Systems, Clays
Lana Z. Alagha, PhD
Assistant Professor
How to build this building: First, you call DeWayne and Jim-mie! DeWayne Phelps is operating the lift on the ground - he doesn’t like heights. Jimmie Taylor is secured in the bucket and secur-ing the panels. The result is the building shown. We can now work on our equipment inside.
Expanding the Enrollment Capacity of Missouri S&T’s Mining Engineering The capacity of the Mining Engineering program at Missouri University of Science and Technology (Missouri S&T) has grown significantly
over the last decade. Table below shows the enrollment growth trends for the Mining Engineering program from fall 2006 to fall 2012.
Within this period, the growth rates are: (i) 88% from 155 (in 2006) to 291 (in 2012) for total enrollment; (ii) 50% from 123 to 184 in
undergraduate enrollment; (iii) 234% from 32 to 107 in graduate enrollment; and (iv) 317% from 6 to 25 in PhD enrollment.
2006‐12 Enrollment Growth in Mining Engineering at S&T
2012 SME Enrollment for US Mining Engineering Schools
Distribution of Fall 2012 Mining Eng Enrollment
Under the program, students complete all the fundamental science, mathematics and engineering courses at UB and complete the last
two years of the BS degree program at Missouri S&T. The Department is pursuing two similar programs in Indonesia and the Dominican
Republic.
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
FS2006 FS2007 FS2008 FS2009 FS2010 FS2011 FS2012
FMEN
UGRAD
GRAD
TOTAL
FMEN; 32
SOPH; 47
JUNR; 45
SENR; 60
ME; 56
MS; 26
PhD; 25
Graphic 2 illustrates the enrollment statistics
gathered by the Society for Mining, Metallurgy and
Exploration (SME) Inc. for all accredited mining
engineering programs in the United States and
published in 2012. The Figure shows that Missouri
S&T’s mining engineering program became the largest
program in the United States effective fall 2007,
based on enrollment. Graphic 3 illustrates the
distribution of the fall 2012 enrollment statistics. The
2012 enrollment shows growth and strength at all
levels. The current upward growth trend is a strong
indication of future growth.
Other recruiting programs include the Jackling Intro
Engineering Camps, the Mining/Aggregate Industry
Nights and high school visits by the students and
faculty. The MS program in Explosives Engineering
has aided the growth to a significant degree. There
are 21 students enrolled in the MS program and 11
students in the graduate certificate program. The
Department hopes to strengthen its enrollment
capacity with a future introduction of the PhD
program in Explosives Engineering. The Missouri S&T
– University of Botswana (UB) 3+2 program also
brings an annual stream of 12 to 15 students into the
junior year of the program.
This growth resulted from strategic and tactical
initiatives undertaken by the Department. These
initiatives include marketing and recruiting, explosives
engineering graduate program, internships and
permanent placements, financial aid, industry‐
university programs, international programs and
student‐oriented programs. Since the summer of
2005, the Department has hosted between two and
three explosives summer camps for high school
students. These camps bring an average of 60
students to explore the exciting adventures in mining
and explosives. The Department recruits over 70% of
the campers into the mining engineering program.
The availability of internships and permanent placements for graduates are strong incentives for attracting students into the program.
The graph to the left shows the reported 2012 summer internship opportunities for the Missouri S&T’s mining engineering students. A
number of the internships were not reported, and thus, not captured in this graph. For example, CONSOL energy had 14 interns, but
only 10 interns were captured in the graph. Mining Engineering also enjoys about 100% placement after graduation. Rolla graduated
about 50 students in December 2011 and May 2012 with 100% placement and an average starting salary of $73,000.
Financial aid has been a vital component toward attracting and retaining qualified students into the mining engineering program. The
Department awarded a total of $215,000 in financial assistance to mining engineering students in the academic year 2011‐12. Sixty
percent of this amount came from the mining industry, SME, ISEE, and other individual donors and 40% from endowed scholarship. The
Department was able to provide assistance to several students and no student dropped out for due to financial burden to our
knowledge. Overall, the students in the program have served as our ambassadors to the undecided undergraduate engineering
students as they continue to market the program on campus. The industry, the faculty and staff, the Board and the students continue
to play a vital role in ensuring a full pipeline of highly qualified high school and transfer students into mining engineering at Missouri
S&T.
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
NO O
F 2
012 INTERNS TOTAL REPORTED INTERNSHIPS AND COOP PLACEMENTS = 64
Reprint of the newsrelease announcing the signing of the contract be-tween Ma’Aden and Missouri S&T
Missouri S&T to make impact on Saudi mining industry
ROLLA, Mo. – Missouri University of Science and Technology (Missouri S&T) has won a $24 million award from Saudi Arabia to train and educate personnel for the Saudi mining industry.
Missouri S&T was selected to be a partner with the Technical and Voca-tional Training Corp. (TVTC), a Saudi government entity, and the Saudi Arabian Mining Co., Ma’aden to establish the Saudi Mining Polytechnic (SMP). Under the agreement, Missouri S&T and partners from industry will train personnel at SMP during an initial five-year period. The award is potentially renewable for another five years.
Missouri S&T’s partners in this venture include Canadian Petroleum Ser-vices, Caterpillar Global Mining, The Doe Run Co., Immersive Technolo-gies, Orica Inc. and P&H Mining.
In January 2011, a Missouri S&T delegation visited Saudi Arabia in prepa-ration for the final bid submission. The contract was signed during a sec-ond visit by the Missouri S&T delegation in July 2012.
“This partnership provides Missouri S&T a great opportunity to shape the direction of the mining industry in Saudi Arabia,” says Dr. Samuel Frim-pong, chair of Missouri S&T’s mining and nuclear engineering depart-ment.
With Missouri S&T leading the way, SMP plans to educate an average of 200 professionals annually in mineral processing, as well as surface and underground mining.
“Missouri S&T has a proud heritage of supplying the world with great mining engineers – a heritage that dates back to our founding in 1870 as the Missouri School of Mines and Metallurgy,” says Missouri S&T Chan-cellor Cheryl B. Schrader. “We’re pleased to be a part of this important partnership, as we believe it will transform the mining industry in Saudi Arabia.”
“Developing the skilled pool of talent needed to support the expansion of mining in the Kingdom is one of the biggest challenges we face,” says Ma’aden President and CEO Khalid Al Mudaifer. “We are delighted to be partnering with Missouri S&T to deliver world-class training at Saudi Ara-bia’s first specialist training institute for the mining industry. Missouri S&T has a long history of excellence and international partnerships, and we look forward to welcoming their team to Saudi Arabia.”
“Due to the significant developments taking place in Saudi Arabia, the TVTC has a new vision for the future of its training that will compete with global standards.” says Fahd Al Dohish, TVTC’s general manager of the Strategic Partnerships National Center (SPNC). “We are partnering the private sector to establish advanced polytechnics that will graduate skilled Saudi nationals in well-paying technical jobs, thus helping reduce unemployment and contributing to community and economic growth.”
### Contact: Andrew Careaga, 573-341-4328, acareaga@mst.edu More news from Missouri S&T: http://news.mst.edu
Eng. Abdullah Al-Saif, Chairman Ma’aden, and Dr. Kent Wry, Provost S&T, sign the cooperation agree-ment.
Ambassador to Saudi Arabia J. Smith (r) and Eng. Khalil Al-Watban, President - Ma’aden Phosphate Company, attended th press confer-ence.
Several students and industry mem-bers joined the Ma’aden and S&T delegations at the press conference
Dr Wray is holding a gift presented by Eng Anbdullah Al Saif.
Greetings from the Experimental Mine: Jimmie and DeWayne say hello. Our summer was busy with preparation of the new mine building site and the annual explosives camp. Jimmie just completed
20 years with Missouri S&T. Some additions to the mine in-clude a new Bobcat, 30 Koehler lights, a 5 Ton dump truck and the erection of the student design building that was taken down on main campus. With the addition of the donated 30 cordless Koehler lights, we can now have 2 full classes at the same time under ground. We also have a 2 person Kennedy Chamber for mine res-cue training and Mine Health and Safety clas-
Another great addition to the mine is a 40'x60' metal building - the former solar car building. It took 11 days to dismantle and over a year to erect with some of the work still in progress. We laid the foundation in May 2012 and spent most of July working on the building. It will be nice to work on equipment inside during the cold weather. We purchased a new S205 Bob-cat with the donation from Steve and Eliza-beth Lang. This is a great addition to our old Bobcat that is 20 years old.
We have gained a few new items at the mine that have im-proved the training that is provided to the students. However, we have a growing need for a newer truck that would be used for traveling to Mucking and Mine Rescue competitions. The best would be a 4 door diesel 3/4 ton or 1 ton that could also tow a trailer. All of our vehicles are donations and we appreci-
The new Bobcat Donated by Steve Lang
New Shop at Mine Moved from Main Campus.
Donated by Kennedy Metal Products Donated by Koehler
We recently started a decline in the Wheeler mine. This will accommodate the drilling and blasting classes and ensure that they will always have space for drilling and blasting. The plan is to use a 1973 JOY Air Track to drill in the mine. Jimmie went to England for the 2012 Mucking competition and acquired an appreciation for the meaning of FLAT ROCK. Dr. Worsey will run around spouting “Flat Rock” and describing the difference between flat rock and round rock!! While traveling with the Mucking Teams, the group visited London, Stonehenge (the real ONE), Buckingham Palace and old tin mines in Corn-wall. The 2012 competition was held at the King Edward Mine. Dr. Worsey, Mrs. Worsey, Jimmie and his wife took advantage of a free day and traveled to Paris by train. While in Paris, Mrs. Worsey was the tour guide and walked the legs off the group. DeWayne accompanied the Gold Mine Rescue Team to New Iberia, LA and the tram came in 8th from a field of 14 teams.
News from the Experimental Mine
When you are in the Rolla area, we would like to show you all the im-provements at the Exp. Mine. Please call 573-341-6406 or email Jimmie at jtaylor@mst.edu or DeWayne at phelpscd@mst.edu
Building Capacity for Expanding Mining and Explosives Engineering Programs Mining and Explosives Engineering programs at Missouri
University of Science and Technology (Missouri S&T) have
grown substantially in enrollment and research capacity
over the last decade. The enrollment growth rates within
the 2006‐12 period are: (i) 88% (total enrollment); (ii) 50%
(undergraduate enrollment); (iii) 234% (graduate
enrollment); and (iv) 317% (PhD enrollment). These
growth rates are significant given industry demand for
mining engineers driven by the mining industry boom and
aging workforce, and closure and marginalization of
several global mining engineering programs. Strategic
Objective 4 focuses on Expanding S&T’s Mining
Engineering Capacity. Specifically, this objective aims at
(i) Completing the new Experimental Mine Building; (ii)
Expanding Existing Laboratory Capacity; (iii) Building new
Laboratories; (iv) Creating Endowment Positions; (v)
Increasing Personnel Resources; and (vi) Maintaining
Strong Enrollment and Recruiting Efforts. The
Department and its Development Board launched the
Capacity Renewal Efforts in September 2009 to advance
this strategic objective. The sections below provide
updates on the progress achieved to date on various
facets on the program.
1. Updates on Capacity Renewal and Expansion Initiatives This section highlights the capacity renewal and expansion initiatives on the new Experimental Building, the Energetics
Research Facility and the Virtual Surface Mining Simulator.
The New Experimental Mine Building: Expansions are currently underway on the new Missouri S&T Experimental Mine and
the Explosives Research Facility. The graphic below shows the 3‐D layout of the new Experimental Mine Building.
Front of Building
Back of Building
First Floor of Building
Second Floor of Building
3‐D Views of the New Experimental Mine Building
The existing facility has a capacity of 20 students, which
does not allow concurrent laboratory classes to be held at
the mine. Multiple sections must be held to complete a
laboratory session for a large class with current facility.
The new Mine Building will have 3 classrooms with a total
of 180‐seat capacity. The new facility also has space for
three laboratories, mine rescue and mucking stations, dry
rooms, and offices for students, faculty and staff. It will
allow concurrent laboratory sessions of large classes to be
taught at the mine. As part of expanding the mine
facilities, the old student design building has been
relocated at the Experimental Mine. This facility will
provide additional space for important activities at the
Mine. New Experimental Mine Building requires
additional $600,000 for completion.
Missouri S&T Energetics Research Facility: The
development of the Energetics Research Facility has been
underway for about 4 years. This facility is located in
Building No. 4 (previously used by the US Bureau of
Mines). The facility houses two explosive chambers for
research and education. The Missouri S&T Energetics
Research Facility (ERF) has modern facilities for the
engineering design, test, and evaluation of blast
mitigation and defeat concepts, commercial rock blasting
techniques and systems, and modern explosives
performance. The ERF (Fig.1) comprises blasting
chambers (one rated for 1kg of explosives in Fig. 2 and the
larger one for 4 kg in Fig. 3, machine shop, computing
facilities, and explosive magazines. The ERF also contains
explosion imaging equipment, which includes the ultra‐
high speed Cordin 10‐A framing camera (capable of
1,250,000 frames per second (Fig.4), high‐speed video
cameras (one, a Phantom V5.1, capable of 90,000 frames
per second), a gated ICCD camera (capable of single
exposures down to 55 nanosecond exposure times), and
flash x‐ray equipment. The Experimental Mine also
contains explosives research facilities including an
underground blast chamber rated at 10 kg TNT net
equivalent weight (NEW) of explosives, a 1 kg TNT NEW‐
rated surface blast pad with instrumentation bunker, a
large format (~50 ft long) explosive‐driven shock tube for
instrumented testing of full‐scale glazing and wall panels
(up to 6 ft x 8 ft), assorted storage and heavy equipment,
and magazine storage for over 3,000 lb of explosives and
detonators. Miscellaneous equipment also includes
velocity of detonation measurement equipment, sixteen‐
channel synergy data acquisition system, pressure
transducers, and eight seismographs.
Funding from industry, university and individual donors
has addressed the capital expenditures to finish
construction projects at the Laboratory. The remaining
work to complete the facility include: (i) Replacement of
the Cordin ultra‐high speed camera, which is mid‐1960s
vintage. The technology is obsolete and is not supported
by the manufacturer. The Cordin is a “draw” for many of
the research initiatives currently being pursued in the
facility. Current cameras with similar capability are in the
$180k to $225k range. (ii) The flash x‐ray system is also of
the same vintage as the camera system and has a similar
replacement cost requirement. Currently, Dr. Baird
supports this research through his SRI account, funded by
reimbursements from other research projects. Many of
these unfunded projects resulted from the particular
student’s interests, because there were no explosives
engineering requirements from industry to offer to the
students. We are very willing to tailor research to suit
industry desires/requirements that have a promise of
funding to support the associated research.
The Virtual Surface Mining Facility: A new laboratory, the Virtual Surface Mining Simulator (VSMS), was completed and
unveiled on April 08, 2012 by Chancellor Schrader. The VSMS Facility comprises 2 AES Base Simulators, Dragline Console,
Shovel‐Truck Console and a Command Center. This facility was funded by Caterpillar Global Mining, Luminant Energy, Joy
Global and Immersive Technologies. The facility will be used for research and education in surface mining engineering. It will
2012 SME/NSSGA Student Design Contest
S&T Design Team participated in this contest after being absent for a couple of years. The team made it into the finals and presented their design at SME in Seattle, WA. While our team did not place in the top three, it gives us an opportunity to rebuild a good design team and get back into the competitionFrom left: Matthew Ortel; Matthew McHale; Sean Steagall; Tyler Leithauser; Greg Gibson and Benja-min Sutton
Two of our faculty received Outstanding Teach-ing Awards in 2012. Dr. Richard Bullock (fourth from the right) and Dr. Maochen Ge (first from the right) received the award from Chancellor Schrader and Provost Wray.
also be used to help K‐12 students understand
technological innovations in the mining industry for
education and recruitment. The facility will introduce K‐
12 students to surface mining operations via virtual
environments. It will also provide them with an
appreciation of large mining machinery and how they can
be controlled with a touch of a button. It will also
demonstrate to young students that engineers can have
fun on the job. The facility will also allow mining
engineering students to interact with large scale surface
mining operations with heavy machinery in the classroom.
It will sharpen students understanding of engineering
design associated with heavy machinery deployment. The
VSMS Facility will help students appreciate the magnitude
of the challenges associated with these machines and
sharpen their critical thinking and problem solving skills to
manage and improve such systems in real life. It also
provides additional hands‐on laboratory that improves
enhanced experiential learning. Specific courses will be
developed for training and educating equipment
operators to improve their operating skills. These
courses will include (i) risks and hazards control and
mitigation; (ii) planning and deployment of heavy
machinery in rugged terrain; (iii) surface mining methods
and equipment; and (iv) tracking and improving key
productivity indices of heavy machinery use.
Missouri S&T Chancellor unveils
the Virtual Surface Mining
Simulator Facility (Top Left); The
Dragline Simulator (Top Right);
and the Shovel‐Truck Simulator
(Left)
2. Funding the Capacity Renewal and Expansion Initiatives This capacity renewal and expansion initiative was put
together by the Department and the Development Board
under the leadership of Paul A. Lang, Executive Vice
President and Chief Operating Officer for Arch Coal Inc.
The cost associated with this initiative was estimated at
about $6.9 million. The Department and the Board have
raised $3.5 million toward the capacity expansion and
renewal efforts, as illustrated in Table 1. The outstanding
balance of $3.4 million for specific laboratories is
illustrated in Table 2. I want to thank all our donors who
have contributed towards this major effort. Special
thanks go to Paul A. Lang, Bill Kennedy, Bruce Neil, Jeff
Rosychk, Chris Curfman and Janpeter Bekkering, Steve
Kopenitz, Bryan Galli, Michael DeCola, Stephen A. Lang,
Gregory A. Lang, Ted Ruppert for their leadership,
contributions and support for this major effort. Special
thanks also go to Arch Coal, Caterpillar Global Mining, Joy
Global Inc., Kennedy Metal Products, The Doe Run
Company, Mississippi Lime Company, Barrick Gold North
America, and Immersive Technologies for their
contributions. The second phase of this initiative will raise
the remaining $3.4 million to compete the expansion
initiatives. Your support is key to the future of Rolla
Mining Engineering.
Funded Laboratories/Facilities ($3.5 M)
LABORATORY/AID DONORS AMOUNT STATUS
New Experimental Mine
Building ($2.5 M)
Kennedy Metal Products
The Doe Run Company
Mississippi Lime Company
$1.58 M
$250,000
$100,000
Remaining Funding is $650,000; Construction is
underway with projected finish date of Fall 2013
McNutt CLCs ($300,000) Ted Ruppert $300,000 Complete funding for one 40‐seat and one 30‐seat
Computer Laboratories
Virtual Surface Mining
Simulator ($700K)
Caterpillar Global Mining
Luminant Energy
Joy Global Inc.
$325,000
$250,000
$100,000
Project is fully funded and built; was unveiled by
Chancellor Schrader on April 08, 2012
Mine Survey ($325K) Barrick Gold N. America $125,000 Funding remaining is $240,000.
Mine Health and Safety
($120K)
Arch Coal Inc. $120,000 Project is fully funded and it will be located in the
new Mine Building
Explosives Facility ($600K) Mr./Mrs. Stephen A. Lang $100,000 Explosives facility is currently underway
Rock Mechanics Facility
($750K)
Peabody $250,000 Remaining funding is $1 M to expand and renew the
old rock mechanics building
Unfunded Proposals ($3.3 M)
LABORATORY AMOUNT IMPORTANT FUNCTION
Mineral Processing $0.8 M Mining Engineering has hired 2 faculty in mineral‐coal processing and is combining
efforts with Chemical Engineering and Extractive Metallurgy to develop mineral‐coal
processing, tailings management and sustainable systems. This research facility will
provide a core capacity for advancing research in these areas.
Rock Mechanics $0.5 M Additional funding required to complete the new Experimental Mine Building
New Experimental Mine
Building
$0.6 M Additional funding required to complete the new Experimental Mine Building
Mine Ventilation $0.5 M Expansion of the old Ventilation Facility to incorporate new equipment for research and
education
Virtual Underground Mining
Simulator
$0.5 M Similar to the Virtual Surface Mine Simulator. This facility will be used for education and
research in underground mine production systems.
Mine Survey $0.2 M State‐of‐the‐art technological environment for mine survey
Explosives $0.4 M Additional funding required to complete the new Experimental Mine Building
Update from the S&T Mine Recue Team
May 7-11 2012 saw the Mine rescue teams travelling to New Iberia Louisiana for the Southern regional mine rescue contest. The Missouri S&T team competed against 15 other industry teams. The Missouri S&T team
performed will even though they did not earn a trophy. The competing team was: Captain- Casey Slaughter,
Gas Man- Jacob Morris, Map Man- Eric Wesel, First Aid- Katie Sewester, Co-Captain- Andrew Krump, Fresh
Air Base- David Stine, Fresh Air Base Assistant- Spencer Evans, Team Alternates- Dana Resmini and Jenna Freese. Below are a few photos from the SE Mine Rescue Competition in New Iberia, Louisiana. As you can
see, our team is hard at work. This team placed 1st in the SE Missouri Mine Rescue Competition in Rolla in
September 2012.
34th International Intercollegiate Mining Competition, Cornwall, England 2012
By: Amanda Baker and Lindsay Brandt The Missouri S&T Mucking teams had a fantastic year;
four teams were sent to Cornwall, England for the 34th
International Intercollegiate Mining Competition. Members of
the womens A-team included: Maggie Newsom, Jenna
Freese, Katherine Stockdale, Sara Tipton, and Elizabeth Hunt;
while members of the womens B-Team included: Lindsay
Miller, Lindsay Brandt, Amanda Baker, Kelsey Garrett, and
Deanna Fitzgerald.
The two week adventure started at the Gatwick airport south of London.
After a few relaxing days in London, the group set out for Stonehenge, to be
followed by Falmouth. During the six-hour bus trip, there were many naps and a
few gas station stops. The entire
group got to go and visit the historic
Stonehenge Ruins. Once again
everyone got on the bus for the final
leg of the trip to Falmouth, where the
competition events started. During the
first night, theteams were left to
explore the city. The next day, all the
teams went on a historic mine tour that
went from the picturesque shorelines
of England to the underground tin
mines. The old tin mines are unique
in construction; the mines were dug out under the
ocean.
The competition events started the next day. A
practice day for all the teams was held to get familiar
with the equipment and the terrain. The following day
was the womens competition day. The Mucking
Competition day consisted of seven events: hand
steel, swede saw, jackleg drilling, survey, gold pan,
trackstand, and as the name implies, mucking.
Between both teams, gold was taken in 4 out of the 7
events. Womens A-Team earned Bronze medal in the
overall standings while Womens B-Team brought home
the title of International Intercollegiate Mining
Champions back to Missouri S&T. To celebrate the
achievements of both teams, the next week was spent
touring Dublin and London.
In 2013, the competition will be held in Golden,
CO at Colorado School of Mines. Both womens teams
are working together to reclaim the title in 2013.
Womens A‐Team
Womens B‐Team
Womens B‐Team Mucking
NSSGA Student Chapter Update by Greg Gibson, President
The Missouri S&T Student Chapter of the National Stone, Sand, and Gravel Association is off to a good start this year. We recently hosted the Second Annual Aggregate Industry Night. This year there were four companies in at-tendance: Lehigh Hanson, APAC Central, Austin Powder, and US Silica. The event was hosted on September 20th in the McNutt Hall Commons. Food was catered from Bandannas BBQ and the students ate and chatted with industry repre-sentatives. After dinner, representatives from each company, many of which were UMR or S&T Alum, had presentations that informed students on what students could expect as a newly-hired engineer. Overall it was a good event that should be continued in the future.
The entire leadership for NSSGA is new this year, and with that we plan on bringing some new ideas to the or-ganization. We are currently planning a shooting social. The plan is to bring students out to the Rolla Shooting Club and shoot trap and sheet, rifles, and pistols. This will be a member only event and NSSGA will supply ammunition and guns. We have a feeling that this event will encourage students to join NSSGA and become a yearly event.
ISEE Student Chapter Update
Our Student Chapter had another very active year. A large group of students attended the 2012 Annual Conference of ISEE in Nashville, TN. But this was not the only conference. Several of our chapter members attended the Best in the West in April 2012. Two of our students presented a paper. We want to thank for the financial support we received to attend these conferences.For several years members of this chapter have provided great pyro displays for campus activities. We continued this over the past year. This Fall we have two displays at night football games. The Annual SUB Block Party is always
closed with a big firework. Our students are building a reputation of very great shooters!We work with the other student organizations in the department by hosting socials, providing call-ers for Phonathon and working Haunted Mine. The explosives program on this campus is “ex-ploding”.
Dr. Worsey and the stu-dents posing for a photo in Nashville during the 2012 ISEE Annual Meeting and Conference.
Society of Mining, Metallurgy, and Exploration
Will Thompson, PresidentThe Missouri S&T student chapter of the Society of Mining, Metallurgy, and Exploration would like to introduce the 2012-2013 officers: President Will Thompson, Vice-President Katie Sewester, Secretary Hannah McNally, and Trea-surer Drew Krump. Last year the chapter started off the fall semester with the “All Society Annual Social” with ISEE, NSSGA, and WIM. This social is held every fall to help returning students ease back into school life and to introduce new students to the societies and their members. Currently, all the organizations are gearing up for the annual Haunt-ed Mine, which helps fund the yearly National Conferences For this event, the Experimental Mine is morphed into one scary place. The Haunted Mine benefits all the organizations and is the largest fundraiser for our SME chapter. Our chapter also sends students to the St. Louis Section SME meetings, which is a great opportunity for students to meet industry members and find out more about the industry. We have had our first monthly meeting, which was a movie night. We plan to continue the meetings and get industry members to come for presentations. We are also in the pro-cess of having an SME/S&T t-shirt that we hope to have available to all the students, faculty, staff, and alum. We plan to have some available at the national conference in Denver this coming February. We also in-tend to be bring one, possibly even, two teams to Denver to compete in the NSSGA competition. Lastly, we will end the school year with our an-nual Senior Banquet.
Thirty-six students attended the 2012 Annual Meeting of SME in Seattle, Washington. The students added one extra day to the itiner-ary and enjoyed the sights and food in Seattle. It was the first time that SME held the annual meeting in Seattle, but we hope it will go back in the future.
High GPA Freshman Professional Leadership Award External Relations Award Anders Hopkins Casey Slaughter Tyler Leithauser High GPA Sophomore Outstanding Metal/Non Metal Graduate Good Citizneship Award Robert Florich Kyle Pfitzinger Kathryne Sewester Paul Schmidt Hannah McNally High GPA Junior Blake Demoss Outstanding Aggregates Graduate Student Activity Award Tyler Leithauser Michael Allen High GPA Senior Benjamin Sutton Mike Allen Outstanding Graduate Student - Research Bonno Basiami Osei Brown
Outstanding Graduate Student - Teaching Muhammad Azeem Raza
2012 Student Award Recipients
Update from Mr. Windy – Jerry Tien (JCT)
It has been a very busy year for the ventilation group.
Australian Trip
Current NIOSH project on fire and fire simulation requires us
to visit major mining countries to examine their mine safety
practices and emergency procedures. Up till now, we have
visited mine sites and safety facilities in Poland, India and
China, the last one on the list is Australia.
Australia is one of the more advanced major mining countries
with a booming mining industry. The high labor costs and
first‐world safety regulations, distinctive geology and the im‐
portance placed on mining research by government and busi‐
nesses, has resulted in a mining sector that is quite techno‐
logically advanced, including mine ventilation network model‐
ing, fire‐fighting and mine rescue techniques. Dr. Stewart
Gillies and I visited Australia in summer 2012.
In Australia we visited three mines (two gold mines and one
gassy coal mine), Queensland Mines Rescue Service, and
safety devices testing centers and extensive discussions for
their best safety practices, mine rescue operations, under‐
ground refuge chambers and safety regulation.
Inside a Refuge Chamber at Daisy Milano Gold Mine
near Kargoorlie, WA
Mine Rescue Short Courses in China
JCT and Casey Slaughter conducted two 3‐day safety short courses at University of Science and Technology‐Beijing (USTB) and Xi’an
University of Science and Technology (XUST), Shaanxi Province. Both are comprehensive universities with tradition and strong em‐
phasis in mining engineering.
Lecturing at Xi’an University of Science and Technology, Xi’an.
The title of the short course is: “Mine Emergency Response, with Special
Emphasis on Escape under Mine Fires,” combined over 500 undergraduate
and graduate students at both institutions attended these two lectures. It
appears the short course is well received, we have been requested to con‐
vert the lecture notes into a formal book on mine rescue.
Center Wrap up
The Western U.S. Mine Safety and Health Training and Trans‐
lation Center was consortium of four universities (Colorado
School of Mines, University of Utah, Montana Tech started
back in 2004).
The Western Mining Safety and Health Training & Transla‐
tional Center (Center) was funded by the National Institute of
Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), Center for Disease
Control and Prevention, Department of Health and Human
Services. When it was established in 2004, it was a four‐
member consortium consisting of University of Missouri‐Rolla
(at the time of creation), Colorado School of Mines (CSM),
Montana Tech of the University of Montana (Montana Tech)
and the University of Utah. In 2005, Montana Tech withdrew
from the consortia.
The Center is physically located in the Department of Mining
and Nuclear Engineering, Missouri S&T and all projects were
Women in Mining News
The WIM Student Chapter completed a successful year. In addition to joining the other student organizations on Haunted Mine, Phonathon, and other department
activities, the chapter sent 3 members to the 2012 Annual WIM Meeting in San Diego, CA Ste-ven O’Donnell, Evan Thibaud and Tristan Worsey attended the conference and really enjoyed the interaction with other members and San Diego.
The chapter elected new officers and is currently working on an old project that is still very inter-esting: What’s Mined Is Yours! The members are re-printing the cards showing the materials needed to, for example, make a sink. The card is then posted next to a sink in the residence hall. On one of the next weekends, a large number of WIM members will post all the cards around campus. The chapter is also sponsoring a poster contest with a local Middle School. Posters drawn by the Middle School students will be judged by chapter members and the winning class is treated to a pizza party. The topic is the importance of mining and minerals in our life. This should be an interesting project.
Look at all these smiling faces! This is just a portion of the mining students receiving financial aid from the department. Thanks to the alums that set up endowments, and to the industry that supports us, we were able to help most of our students. We want to thank all our donors for their assistance.
What’s New from Rock Mechanics
The Rock Mechanics & Explosives Research Center (RMERC) has been buzzing with activity this past year – new projects, new researchers and staff, and new equipment.
Dr. Greg Galecki added a third post-doctoral researcher from Turkey to his team. Over the summer, Dr. Sedat Buyuksagis arrived from Afyon Kocatepe University to work on waterjet-assisted rapid excavation of rock. He joined Dr. Gul Akar and Dr. Sezai Sen from Dokuz Eylul Univer-sity, who have been working with Dr. Galecki for the past two years on coal-water-fuel characterization.
Two post-docs have also been doing research with Dr. Norbert Maerz (Geol. Eng.). Over the summer, Dr. Ahmed Youssef – an S&T grad (MS CE‘04, PhD GeoE‘04) – traveled from the Saudi Geological Survey to work with Dr. Maerz on natural hazards. And, continuing his project from the previous year, Dr. Ahmet Deliormanli from Dokuz Eylul Univer-sity in Turkey worked with Dr. Maerz on issues related to the Graniteville Quarry.
Last November, Mike Bassett – our newest staff member -- took over from Scott Parker as Senior Research Engineering Technician. Mike hit the ground running and has the RMERC machine shop and Bldg. D in tip-top condition. He has also been working with Dr. Jason Baird on major im-provements to the explosives blast chamber.
Three faculty members have joined our Center in the past year. Dr. Wan Yang (Geology) is analyzing rift basin fills. Dr. Hank Lee (Nuclear Eng.) is fabricating a flat-panel x-ray source from nanomaterials. Last but not least, Dr. Sriram Chellappan (Computer Science) is developing solutions for wire-less sensor networks and communication systems in underground mines. We’re pleased to have them aboard!
We also bid a fond farewell to two of our research investigators: Dr. Louis Ge (Civil Eng.), now at National Taiwan University; and Dr. Mohamed Ab-delsalam (Geology), now the Boone Pickens chair of geographics at Okla-homa State University.
In addition to the new faces at RMERC this past year, we have also ac-quired some new equipment. Two large booster fans arrived in conjunc-tion with Dr. Stewart Gillies’ mine ventilation project for NIOSH, and have been installed at the Experimental Mine. Also, a new 125 HP, 90 kpsi intensifier pump has been extend-ed to us on short-term lease from KMT Waterjet Systems. Dr. Galecki has been using this high-pressure intensifier in his work on advanced titanium machining with abrasive waterjets for the Center for Aero-space Manufacturing Technologies (CAMT).
Some other topics being researched at RMERC this past year include frac-tured anticline formations, saturated rock fragmentation, robot-mounted LIDAR fusion, and uranium ore borehole mining.
Recently, two of RMERC’s senior investigators, Dr. David Summers (emeri-tus) and Dr. Greg Galecki, received a U.S. patent for jet-assisted drilling/cutting methods.
2012 Old Timers AwardThe recipient of the 2012 Old Tim-ers Award is Michael Shuman. Mike worked every summer in the coal industry and is now working for Jim Walter Resources in Ala-bama. Mike received the award at the Annual Student Awards Ban-quet in April 2012
coordinated and managed through the Center by Dr. Larry R.
Grayson, who left Missouri S&T in 2007 and the Center was
later transferred to Dr. Jerry C. Tien. This project has multiple
subprojects and the primary aim of this project is to reduce
the number of injuries to miners through an integrated pro‐
gram of training intervention and translational research.
Over the six years of operation, the Center has taught seven
workshops on DPM training reaching 232 students from the
mining industry. Most of the trainees were from the metal
and nonmetal mining in the Western United States. Two
short courses on mine ventilation had 42 students in two
years. Small mine miner training reached 436 miners, includ‐
ing 53 mines in both initial training and follow‐up visits or a
total 189 miners reached. CSM’s trained a multiplier of 4 to
have reached 5,203 trainees in six years. The progression
among years of miners trained (without a multiplier) has
been 161 in Year 1; 372 in Year 2; 478 in Year 3; over 500 in
Year 4, over 545 in Year 5 and around 610 in Year 6, including
the DPM project and the Hazard Identification and Risk As‐
sessment projects.
The six‐year project funded a total of eight students (four
Ph.D., two M.S. and two B.S. students, published 16 papers
and a 178‐page DPM Emissions Control training manual (with
a DVD). The Center officially ended August 31, 2011.
Refuge Chamber Project
After the Sago mine disaster, the MINER Act of 2006 mandated that all underground coalmines must install and maintain refuge
chambers. Missouri S&T’s Ventilation Group was awarded a project by NIOSH to examine the CO purging process and to determine
total air quantity and time necessary to lower the CO concentration to safe levels inside the chamber for different inlet/outlet con‐
figurations using 3D numerical simulation technique. This research can provide useful guidelines in developing an efficient strategy
for purging refuge chamber.
(a) Physical Model (b) Computational Mesh
(c) CO concentration distribution at different cross‐sectional planes inside the Refuge Chamber for middle‐
inlet at time t = 0 s and t = 100 s
1
MISSOURI S&T EXPERIMENTAL MINE UNDERGROUND BOOSTER FANS
by Dr. Stewart Gillies
Missouri S&T is working with the University of Utah on a NIOSH funded ventilation research project with
Dr Stewart Gillies as Co-Project Investigator. In early February 2012 two booster fans were delivered to
Rolla by truck from Spendrup Fans Company, Grand Junction, CO (Photo 1). Spendrup Fans was very
generous in this purchase transaction.
Photo 1 Unloading Spendrup fans
Both booster fans were initially checked and tested at the
Rock Mechanics and Explosives Research Center. The fans
then went to the Experimental Mine for installation in 150 x
150 mm treated timber framework bulkheads. The timbers
have been bolted by 100 cm fully threaded expanded bolts to
the walls and the back.
Photo 2 West booster fan installation by Jimmie Smith, Mine
Supervisor and Grad Student Arash Habibi
The void between timbers and the wall has been sealed by
applying cementatious plaster mixture on metal laths.
Sealing is achieved by applying expanded foam to minimize
leakage through the bulkhead. Kennedy Metal Company
donated man doors and metal stoppings for the project.
19mm fully treated water-proofed plywood has been used
(Photo 2) on the bulkheads to seal the open area around the
booster fans. The booster fans have been bolted on painted
steel metal skids for transportation around the Experimental
Mine. The skids have been bolted to the floor to reduce vibration caused
by the fans.
A 12kW three phase 460V motor powers each booster fan. A 76 mm
hole has been drilled passing the power cable underground. The hole
is located next to the main pole from which power is distributed
throughout the Experimental Mine (shown in Fig 3).
Photo 3 76 mm drill hole with the 50 mm conduit passing wire to
underground
A safety “kill” switch has been installed on the electrical pole (not
shown in this picture). The switch will shut down both booster fans in
case of emergency. Wires are strung from the mine back. A split box
divides the circuit in two for power to each fan. Adjacent to fans
electrical components are installed and each fan is equipped with a
variable speed controller. The generous support of NIOSH and the Spendrup and William Kennedy
companies is acknowledged.
Expanding Global Frontiers in Mining Engineering Education
Expansions in the domestic and global mining industry have
fueled greater interest in mining and explosives engineering
research and education all over the world. Missouri S&T has
strong and leading programs in mining and explosives
engineering, and is therefore, positioned to play a vital role in
meeting the global demand for technological innovations and
the production of highly qualified personnel in these
disciplines. Over the next 10 years, the Department has laid
down strategic objectives, goals and action plans to expand
and grow its research and education initiatives at home and
abroad. Missouri S&T’s global presence will expand the
capacity of its mining engineering program and provide our
students with opportunities to experience diversified
portfolio of students and cultures abroad. It will also provide
opportunities to experience the global mining industry for
great career opportunities. The global presence will broaden
the research capacity to cover several industries in several
countries. The resulting experience and exposure will allow
Missouri S&T to serve the US mining industry with distinction.
Toward these important objectives, Missouri S&T is
expanding its global presence into several mining countries,
including Australia, Botswana, Brazil, China, Dominican
Republic, Ghana, Indonesia and Saudi Arabia. Below are
highlights of our presence in Botswana, China, Saudi Arabia
and Indonesia. Today, these programs have the potential to
add 4 faculty members to the mining engineering faculty at
Missouri S&T.
Global Presence in Botswana, Southern Africa
Botswana produces 35% of the global gem diamonds. It
also produces copper, gold, and coal. However, the
country does not have a mining engineering program. In
2007, Missouri S&T signed a Memorandum of
Understanding (MOU) with University of Botswana (UB)
and a specific Implementation Agreement to offer a 3+2
program in Mining Engineering. Under the agreement, UB
students will complete 1‐year pre‐university and 2 years
university education and transfer into the junior year at
Missouri S&T. These students will then complete a 2‐year
program leading to the Bachelor of Science degree in
Mining Engineering. Since its inception in the Fall of 2008,
this program has produced 33 graduates with a current
enrollment of 24 students. The photos show a group
picture of the Botswana students, a visit to the Okavango
Delta Safari by a delegation from Missouri S&T and a
picture with Her Excellency Ma Seretse, the Botswana
Ambassador to the United States.
Global Presence in China
In 2010, Missouri S&T along with University of Missouri – Saint Louis
(UMSL) completed an MOU with Tianfu College of Southwestern
University of Finance and Economics (TC‐SWUFE) to establish four
engineering programs, nursing and hospitality schools. Under this
agreement, Missouri S&T will develop Mining and Mineral Process
Engineering, Materials Science and Engineering, and Engineering
Management. TC‐SWUFE, located in Sichuan Province, was founded
in 1925 in Shanghai. During WWII it moved to Chengdu Province. In
1952, Sichuan College of Finance and Economics was formed by
merging 17 colleges, universities and institutes for higher education.
In 1985, its name was changed to Southwestern University of
Finance and Economics. TC‐SWUFE is one of the top 100
independent colleges of China. It was recognized in 2010 for its
excellent graduates by Sichuan Province and awarded “21st
Century
Innovation Demonstration Site of Education Reform” nationally.
This region has the largest concentration of rare earth minerals in
the world. New faculty members will be hired to administer and
teach the programs.
These photos show the infrastructure being
developed for the new programs in engineering,
nursing and hospitality.
2012 Phonathon
Fall is coming to the Ozarks and the annual Mining Engineering Phonathon is coming up. Our students will work the phones from November 4 to 8, 2012. We hope you will take their call and continue your generous donation to the Department. Remember that all the Phonathon donations come to the Department and are split between scholarships and deprtment activities. All four student organizations, as well as mine rescue, mucking and the student design team benefit from the Phonathon.
Global Presence in Saudi Arabia
In 2012, Missouri S&T completed a contractual agreement
with Ma’aden, The Saudi Arabian Mining Company and the
Technical and Vocational Training Cooperation (TVTC) to
establish the Saudi Mining Polytechnic (SMP). This Saudi
Mining Institute, located in Arar, Saudi Arabia, will educate
and train professionals in surface and underground mining
and mineral processing plant operations. Saudi Arabia has
diversified its economy into mining with strong emphasis on
gold, bauxite, phosphate, copper and zinc and other
industrial minerals. Its multi‐billion dollar bauxite‐alumina
and phosphate‐ammonia‐fertilizer complexes present state‐
of‐the‐art technologies that present bold initiatives into the
next century for its mining industry. Alongside this bold
initiative is the establishment of a comprehensive institution
to prepare professionals for the mining industry. Ma’aden
and TVTC initiated a global competition via an RFP and
Missouri S&T was selected as the partner for executing this
important assignment. This assignment presents a great
opportunity for shaping the mining industry of Saudi Arabia.
The photos above show architecture, desert features and a
camel farm in and around Arar, Saudi Arabia.
Global Presence in Indonesia
In October 2012, Missouri S&T signed an MOU
with Syarif Hidayatullah Islamic State University
(UIN) in Indonesia to establish a School of Mining
and Environmental Engineering at UIN. Indonesia
has large reserves of precious, base, ferrous and
fossil fuel minerals and its home to several multi‐
national mining companies. The School will be a
vehicle to produce highly qualified graduates to
meet the talent needs of Indonesia. Under the
agreement, the two universities will undertake a
2+2 BS in Mining Engineering program, distance
education and faculty training and development.
It will also create research partnerships between
Missouri S&T and Indonesia’s mining industry and
opportunities for international exposure to our
students.
The UIN delegation meets Chancellor Schrader (Top Left); Missouri S&T
and UIN signs an MOU (Bottom Left)
These initiatives are part of the FY2010‐20 Strategic Plan for the Department of Mining and Nuclear Engineering to expand its global
footprints. Under the Strategic Objective 5 (Strengthen National and Global Partnerships), the Department seeks to engage national
and global universities, industries and research organizations as partners in education and research. The specific goals under this
strategic objective include (i) Maintenance of a Strong Development Board; (ii) Enhancing Missouri S&T‐UB Partnership; (iii)
Developing S&T‐Saudi Initiative on Mining Education; and (iv) Developing Other S&T International Initiatives. Toward these goals, we
seek to grow in strength and capacity.
Congratulations to Dr. Braden Lusk
Some of you will remember Braden Lusk (BS 200 and PhD 2006) from when he was a student here. We are pleased to announce that this February he received the International Society of Explosives Engineers President’s award and was promoted to Associated Professor of Mining Engineering with tenure at the University of Kentucky. Braden will be helping us with the explosives masters, joining us as adjunct associ-ate professor in the near future and be teaching a distance class on blast vibration engineering.
News about the Explosives Program by Dr. Paul WorseyWe have just finished our second year of the explosives masters and have now graduated a total of 9 masters to date with 27 enrolled students in hot pursuit and 8 others in the postgraduate certificate program.. By the end of the second year we exceeded our 4th year goal and we are now at a sustainable level.
The graduation statistics today are:
Table Showing Graduates with qualifications 1997 thru May 2012, Explosives emphasis through Masters
U Emphasis U Certificate U Minor G Certificate G Minor M.S. TotalGraduates 36 13 71 13 2 9 144
The emphasis was approved in 1997, the minors in 2005, certificates in 2006 and masters in 2010. We now have 13 separate explosives classes being given plus “postgraduate cooperative experience”, “industry project”, “spe-cial problems” and “research”. Also we should have an additional class added this spring. The classes span rock blasting, explosives theory, instrumentation, safety, manufacture, pyrotechnics and demolition.
We are currently in the midst of the submission of a proposal for a PhD in explosives engineering catering for our masters’ students that would like to continue. The Masters and PhD are both in house and distance, full and part time and a hybrid of all four, catering both for traditional students and those in industry, unable to attend the univer-sity for an extended period of time because of their work and family commitments.
The name is Worsey, Paul Worsey. He likes his Martini shaken - not stirred.
Dr. Worsey ready to attend the Mining Hall of Fame Induction Banquet in Las Vegas, NV
Research Update - Caleb Baumgart
The title of my research project is optimal design and use of advanced structural materials to mitigate explosive and impact threats. This project is funded by the depart-ment of homeland security under the alert project. It is the intent of this project to develop or design a re-deploy-able barrier capable of providing protection from explo-sive hazards. This protection is to be directly applied to forward operating bases, extended lines of communica-tion and enhanced protection of buildings with limited space from threat zones. The qualities of the barrier include the capability of stopping vehicles that pose a threat and mitigate the explosion after an impact without creating secondary debris. This is different from currently used barriers today in that it is meant to mitigate the blast and create a blast shadow, where today’s barriers are only meant to create a blast shadow. To create this mitigating effect cavities are created inside the concrete barrier that are filled with a media. This media is used to absorb most or all the energy that travels through the barrier and reduce or remove the spalling effect cre-ated by an explosive on the back side of the barrier. In other words the purpose of this project is to convert the very high impulse pressure loads to lower pressure loads using a media with the correct density, porosity and geometrical size and shape.
Summer Work - Matthew Ortel
This summer I worked for Orica North America in Watkins Colorado, where I published two technical papers through the International Society of Explo-sives Engineers. I researched the effects of the ini-tiation position in geophysical charges on observed out-put waves. The research used mathematical modeling and worked to improve exploration meth-ods for oil and mineral deposits. The second project also aimed to improve current geophysical explo-ration techniques by investigating the many pos-sible causes of frequency filtering in mathematical models. This research is used to eliminate numerical artifacts in computer modeling so that simulations accurately predict the events that happen during blasting.
Research Update – Dominique Nolan
Dominique spent the summer doing work in two areas. First, on large linear shaped charge (10,500 gr/ft) performance on structural steel targets and the effect of standoff on performance of large linear
shaped charges. Second, the ground work and foundation of a literature review for work look-ing at the interaction of target characteristics (density, UCS, tensile strength, etc.) and how a conical shaped charge’s depth of penetration might be affected by all of those characteris-tics as they interact with each other.
Research Update – Phillip Mulligan
This summer I co-authored a paper in the Hypervelocity Impact Symposium’s 2012 conference proceedings. The paper examined the forces imparted on the projectile, of an explosively formed projectile, from the two soft recov-ery methods used to collect the projectile. Method 1 utilized three polyethylene water barrels placed “end-to-end” horizontally, providing 2.6 meters (9 feet) of water to stop the projectile. Method 2 is a modification of the soft-recov-ery method utilized in “Soft-Recovery of Explosively Formed Penetrators” by Air Force Research Laboratory. This method utilizes a series of several materials with an increasing density gradient, placed end-to-end over 14.3 meters (47 feet) to stop the projectile. Despite the fact that explosively formed projectiles (EFPs) of the same design were fired into each recovery method, the projectiles collected using the two methods differed in shape, size, weight, and the number of pieces collected. The force analysis assisted in identifying the source of deformation between the two recovery methods.
I also co-authored a paper with students at the University of Kentucky, examining the effects of age on the accuracy of electric blasting caps, for the International Society of Explosive Engineer’s 39th annual conference proceedings. In which we examined two different age’s of blasting caps from the same batch one year apart, in addition to caps that were between eight and nine years old. Each system was tested at a short medium and long delay time. Statistical analysis was conducted to determine the effect of time on the detonators accuracy. This paper quantifies the impor-tance of regular inventory cycling to help preserve intended timing when using non electric shock tube detonator systems.
I authored an additional paper for the International Society of Explosive Engineer’s 39th annual conference proceed-ings. This report detailed the preliminary calculations governing the underwater collapse of an oil pipe via explosive lensing. This report assumed a spherical-shaped, single explosive charge. The calculations assist in identifying how the explosive charge size needed to seal a metal pipe while focusing on one explosive charge acting on part of the pipe. Future calculations will analyze the combination of multiple explosive charges acting on the pipe as a whole.
Engaging Our Constituencies for Strong Mining Engineering Education
One of the greatest constituencies for Missouri S&T’s Mining
Engineering Program is the Mining Industry of the United
States. We are proud of industry’s contribution to the social
fabric and economic security of the nation captured in the
following statements from the National Mining Association. In
keeping with the above contributions by the industry, Missouri
S&T educates future mining engineers with industry as a
partner. Every year, Missouri S&T interacts with industry
leaders on substantive issues that affect the direction of its
mining engineering education.
“In 2008, the mining industry paid approximately $45 billion in
taxes, royalties and fees to federal, state and local governments
combined. Nearly $107 billion was paid to mining industry
employees in direct and indirect wages and benefits. The total
direct and indirect impact of U.S. mining is valued at $1.9
trillion ‐ mining produced $80 billion of finished mineral, metal
and fuel products that were then transformed by consumer
industries into goods creating an additional $1.8 trillion in value
added. According to U.S. Geological Survey analysis, the value
added to U.S. GDP by major industries that consume processed
mineral materials was an estimated $2.1 trillion in 2010, 14
percent of U.S. GDP. Minerals and materials processed from
minerals account for exports worth as much as $87 billion per
year.” (National Mining Association, 2012)
Mining Engineering Development Board: The Board comprises
top executives from the mining and aggregate companies,
consulting and research organizations and OEMs. Page 36
contains a list of the current Board Members. The member
companies include Arch Coal Inc., Barrick Gold North America,
BHP Billiton, Casper Stolle Quarry, Caterpillar Inc., Centerra
Gold, Cliffs Natural Resources, Cloud Peak Energy, Conco
Quarries, Consol Energy, Doe Run Company, Fred Weber Inc.,
Golder Associates, Goodyear Company, Immersive
Technologies, Jack Kennedy Metal Products, Joy Global Inc.,
Kiewit Mining Group, Komatsu America Corp, Lehigh Hanson,
Luminant Energy, Martin Marietta, Missouri S&T, Newmont
Corporation, NovaGold Corporation, Orica Inc., Peabody
Energy, Vulcan Materials, and Weir International.
The Board meets once a year in April. At the April 08, 2012
Board Meeting, Chancellor Schrader provided a vision for the
future of Missouri S&T, followed with the state of Missouri
S&T’s Mining Engineering by Samuel Frimpong, Chair of Mining
and Nuclear Engineering. Updates on capacity renewal efforts
were provided by Paul A. Lang (Executive Vice President and
COO for Arch Coal), Bill Kennedy (President and CEO for
Kennedy Metal Products), Nassib Aouad (Assistant Teaching
Professor) and Paul Worsey (Professor and Director of
Explosives Engineering). The Mining Engineering faculty
members also provided highlights of major research initiatives.
The Board also focused on summer internships and COOP
opportunities for the students and scholarships for students in
the program. Chancellor Schrader unveiled the new Virtual
Surface Mining Simulator for research and education in mining
engineering at this Board meeting.
Mining/Aggregates Industry Nights: On the eve of every Board Meeting (in
April), the Department hosts a Mining Industry Night (MIN). MIN 2012 took
place on April 07 on the theme, “Marketing the Future Industry to Future
Engineers.” Picture to the illustrates the companies that attended the MIN
2012. US Silica, APAC Central, Austin Powder and Lehigh Hanson also
attended the Aggregates Night on September 21, 2012. These nights
introduce the challenges and opportunities in the industry to future
engineers and scientists. The forum is also used as a vehicle for recruiting
undecided engineers into the Mining Engineering Program.
Industry Recruitment: Tables 1 and 2 show the respective lists of companies
that visited Missouri S&T to recruit mining engineering graduates for
permanent placements and as interns for summer 2013 through the
Department and the fall 2012 campus career fair. These tables show strong
and vigorous recruiting of our graduates by mining companies.
Table 1 2011‐12 Companies Recruiting Through the Department
RCT # Date Company Info Session Responsible Chapter Society
1 09/06 – 07/2011 BHP Billiton YES Society for Mining, Metallurgy and Exploration
2 09/08/2011 US Gypsum NO Career and Opportunities Center
3 09/20 – 21/2011 Martin Marietta YES National Stone, Sand and Gravel Association
4 09/26/2011 UNIMIN Corp YES Women In Mining
5 09/26/2011 Alberici Group YES International Society for Explosives Engineers
6 09/26/2011 Luminant Energy YES Society for Mining, Metallurgy and Exploration
7 09/26 – 28/2011 Newmont Mining YES International Society for Explosives Engineers
8 09/27 – 28/2011 Peabody Energy YES Women In Mining
9 09/27 – 28/2011 Arch Coal YES Society for Mining, Metallurgy and Exploration
10 09/27 – 28/2011 Cloud Peak YES Society for Mining, Metllaurgy and Exploration
11 09/28/2011 Marston NO Career and Opportunities Center
12 09/28/2011 P&H Mining NO Career and Opportunities Center
13 09/28 – 29/2011 Walter Energy YES International Society for Explosives Engineers
14 10/12/2011 Cargill NO Career and Opportunities Center
15 10/25/2011 Consol Energy NO Career and Opportunities Center
16 11/02 – 03/2011 Patriot Coal YES National Stone, Sand and Gravel Association
17 11/10 – 11/2011 Murray Energy YES International Society for Explosives Engineers
18 01/18 ‐19/2012 Minova YES Women in Mining
19 02/08 – 09/2012 Foresight Energy YES
20 04/25/2012 Vibra‐Tech NO Career and Opportunities Center
21 04/30 –
05/01/2012
US Steel YES Society for Mining, Metallurgy and Exploration
Table 2 Fall 2012 Career Fair Employers seeking Mining Engineering Graduates
Accenture Alberici Constructors, Inc. APAC‐Missouri, Inc Arch Coal, Inc.
Ash Grove Cement Associated Electric Coop Barnard Const. Co, Inc. Barr Engineering Co.
Barrick Gold of N. A. Bureau of Safety & Env. Enf. Caspire, Inc. Chariton Valley Tel. Corp.
Cliffs Natural Resources Cloud Peak Energy Drummond Co., Inc. Energy Future Holdings
Epic ExxonMobil Freeport‐McMoRan Inc. Gallus Biopharmac., LLC
GeoEngineers, Inc. Golder Associates Inc. Grand River Dam Auth. Halliburton
Jacobs Joy Global ‐ Surface Mining Lehigh Hanson MEMC Electronic Mat, Inc.
Meramec Elect. Prod Co. Mississippi Lime Company Orica USA Peabody Energy
Perceptive Software ProEnergy Services Schlumberger Shannon & Wilson, Inc.
Specialty Granules Inc TG Missouri Corporation The Doe Run Company U.S. Silica
UNIMIN Corporation US Navy Officer Programs Walter Energy Canada Westmoreland Coal Co.
Industry Visits and Field Trips: A number of visits were made
to industry by the faculty, staff and students over the past year
as part of enhancing our industry networks, alumni relations,
exposure of students to operating practices in industry and
broadening the education and research experience. Upon the
invitation by Luminant Energy, Dr. Frimpong attended the
Luminant Mining Conference on July 11 and 12, 2012 in Dallas,
TX. At this conference, Dr. Frimpong made a presentation to
Luminant on “Professional Development: Frontiers of
Knowledge and Technology for Solving Industry Problems.” Dr.
Frimpong also gave a short course on surface mining materials
handling to the participants in the Associate Mine Supervisors
Program at the Luminant Academy in Tyler, TX within July 30
and August 03, 2012. Upon the invitation by Barrick, Dr.
Frimpong attended the Barrick’s Interns Day in Elko, NV on
August 09, 2012. Several presentations were made by senior
interns on specific projects these interns completed over the
summer of 2012. Drs. Frimpong, Galecki and Krishnamurthy
also visited Ma’aden and SMP in Saudi Arabia for signing an
agreement between Ma’aden and Missouri S&T. During that
visit, we had the opportunity to visit Ma’aden’s corporate
office in Riyadh for signing the agreement, the SMP Campus in
Arar and the aluminum and phosphate industrial complexes in
Al Jubair, Saudi Arabia.
Field trips are important assignments for the experimental
learning process. During these trips, students become familiar
with difficult and challenging concepts in the classroom. These
trips are essential in the mining engineering curriculum. Table
3 shows the field trips undertaken by the faculty, staff and
students in the Mining Engineering Program. Overall, 18 field
trips were undertaken to several surface and underground
mining operations involving a total of 610 students.
Table 3 Field Trips undertaken by Faculty, Staff and Students in AY2011‐12
F.T. # Date Course # Catalog Description Enrollees Mines Visited
1 02/24/2011 Mi Eng 324 Underground Mining Methods & Equip 44 Doe Run
2 04/07/2011 Mi Eng 350 Blasting Design and Technology 19 Dyno Nobel
3 04/08/2011 Mi Eng 324 Underground Mining Methods & Equip 54 Peabody
4 04/08/2011 Mi Eng 326 Surface Mining Methods & Equip 54 Peabody
5 04/12/2011 Mi Eng 241 Principles of Mineral Processing 28 Doe Run
6 04/15/2011 Mi Eng 003 Principles of Mining Engineering 48 Springfield Quarry
7 04/15/2011 Mi Eng 303 Aggregates Materials Sizing 6 Springfield Quarry
8 11/14/2011 Mi Eng 317 Mine Power and Drainage 49 Kennedy Metals
9 11/18/2012 Mi Eng 003 Principles of Mining Engineering 12 Springfield Quarry
10 12/08/2012 Mi Eng 352
Mi Eng 353
Min Proc I Flotation & Hydrometallurgy
Min Proc II Mechanics and Design
21 Doe Run
11 03/01/2012 Mi Eng 324 Underground Mining Methods & Equip 48 Doe Run
12 03/14/2012 Mi Eng 324 Underground Mining Methods & Equip 48 Mississippi Lime
13 04/11/2012 Mi Eng 241 Principles of Mineral Processing 37 Doe Run
14 04/12/2011 Mi Eng 350 Blasting Design and Technology 19 Dyno Nobel
15 04/13/2012 Mi Eng 003 Principles of Mining Engineering 50 Pacific Quarry
16 04/13/2012 Mi Eng 303 Aggregates Material Sizing 14 Pacific Quarry
17 04/12/2012 Mi Eng 326 Surface Mining Methods & Equip 49 Peabody
18 04/20/2012 Mi Eng 324 Underground Mining Methods & Equip 48 Arch Coal
Mines and Metallurgy Academy Meetings: The Academy
comprises distinguished alumni of the seven programs in
Departments of Mining and Nuclear Engineering, Geological
Sciences and Engineering and Material Science and
Engineering. The Academy meets twice a year in April and
October. During the October 2001 and April 2012 Meetings,
Dr. Frimpong had the opportunity with the two other Chairs to
share the enrollment growth, research and education and the
capacity expansion initiatives ongoing the Department.
MSHRAC Meeting and NIOSH Visit: As part of the Mine Safety
and Health Research Advisory Committee (MSHRAC),
appointed by the US Health and Human Services Secretary, Dr.
Frimpong attended a two‐day meeting in Pittsburgh on
research and technological advances in mine safety and health
by NIOSH within August 19 – 21, 2012. The charter of MSHRAC
are as follows: “MSHRAC shall advise the HHS Secretary, the
Director of CDC, and the Director of NIOSH, on the conduct of
mine health research including grants awards and research
contracts (30 U.S.C. ' 812 (b)(2), (Public Law 91‐173, '
102(b)(2)). The committee shall also provide advice on the
conduct of mine safety research. The committee shall evaluate
the degree to which: 1) the mine research activities of NIOSH
conform to those standards of scientific excellence appropriate
to Federal scientific instructions in accomplishing objectives in
mine safety and health; 2) the mine research activities, along or
in conjunction with other known activities inside and outside of
NIOSH, address currently relevant needs in the field of mine
safety and health; and 3) the research activities produce
intended results in addressing important research questions in
mine safety and health, both in terms of applicability of the
research findings and translation of the findings.” The other
committee members include the following:
1. Dr. Cecile S. Rose, Professor & Director, Occupational and Environmental Health Clinic, University of Colorado
2. Mr. Brent Chamberlain, Director of Human Resources, Safety, and Health, General Moly, Inc.
3. Mr. Dennis O’Dell, Administrator for Occupational Health and Safety, United Mine Workers of America
4. Dr. Syd Peng, Director, Longwall Mining and Ground Control Research Center, West Virginia University
5. Mr. Emmett Russell, Director, Department of Safety and Health, International Union of Operating Engineers
6. Mr. Bruce Watzman, Vice President of Safety, Health, and Human Resources, National Mining Association
7. Dr. Lawrence Bank, Program Director, Structural Materials and Mechanics, US National Science Foundation
8. Dr. Jeffery Kravitz, Chief, Special Projects/Mine Emergency Operations, MSHA
9. Dr. Darryl Zeldin, Senior Investigator, National Institute for Environmental Health, NIH
10. Dr. Jeffery L. Kohler, Executive Secretary to MSHRAC, Associate Director for Mining and Director, Office for Mine Safety and
Health Research (OMSHR), NIOSH
11. Syd Pen, Brent Chamberlain, Cecile S. Rose, Darry Zeldin, Dennis B. O’Dell, Derek Elsworth, Emmett Russell, Richard J. Fragaszy,
Jeffery H. Kravitz, Kelly F. Bailey, Michael Wright, Tony Bumbico
Coal Rush! by Dr. Greg Galecki
When I received a call from a colleague at the 2012 SME Annual Meet-ing to visit Pioneer Pump Incorporated’s booth, I thought of another good application of waterjets for the mining industry. After getting closer to the booth, I was pleasantly surprised. I recognized a few faces from a TV documentary standing in front of the booth, so I shouted, “Gold Rush!” After a short explanation that I like gold but I am deeply involved in coal cleaning, we all came up with “Coal Rush!”
Dr. Greg Galecki (center) with a few team members from the TV show Gold Rush!
Let me tell you more about my passion for coal. For the past two years it has been my great pleasure to work on coal slurry characterization with post-doctoral fellows Gul Akar and Sezai Sen. After the first year of their stay, funded by TUBITAK and YOK, Drs. Akar and Sen spent one addi-tional year researching coal slurries in my Mineral Processing Laboratory. I felt honored by their request to continue to work under my supervision, so I came up with funds to continue work on coal-water-fuel characterization. By the time you read this article, both of them will be back to Dokuz Eylul University, in Izmir, Turkey to continue their research on mineral process-ing; specifically coal. We have discussed our future plans and can say that our two years of joint research marked the beginning of long term coop-eration between Missouri S&T and Dokuz Eylul University.
At the beginning of July, Mrs. Yaqing Li defended her M.Sc. thesis “Effects of Coal Comminution in Relation to Waterjet and Selected Feed Proper-ties”. I believe her professional life will include further studies involving the cleaning of emissions from coal burning power plants in her home country of China.
With these short descriptions of my research involving coal, you can un-derstand why, with a smile, I can say “Coal Rush!”
Dr. Greg Galecki is an Associate Professor of Mining and Nuclear Engi-neering Department, Missouri University of Science and Technology. If you would like to talk more about coal for power generation, you can reach him at ggalecki@mst.edu or by phone at 573.341.4938.
Do youwant to stay in touch wth your Department? Would you like to be informed about events on campus? Receive Job Postings?
Then send your email address to mining@mst.edu and ask to be included in our Alumni List Server. We have close to three hundred alums currently on the list. This is a ‘closed” server - that means only members can post to the server - no junk mail!
Research on Mechanical Properties of Frac Sand
Dr. Maochen Ge
“Frac sand” is a high-purity silica sand with very durable and very round grains of a specific size (Figures 1 and
2). The term frac sand, comes from its critical role in the hydraulic fracturing process, the technique that is used
for recovering tight gas and shale gas. Shale gas is considered a major component of the future energy for the
United State.
Fig. 1: St. Peter sandstone, a primary
source of frac sand
Fig. 2:A thin section view of the
microscopic structure of St. Peter sandstone
The primary source for frac sand in the United States is the St. Peter sandstone. The St. Peter sandstone is very
different from the minerals and rocks, which have been studied extensively in mining. On the one hand, it is
brittle, characterized by an unusually high friction angle. On the other hand, it is friable, possessing extremely
low, and in most cases zero cohesion. The scarcity of the ground control techniques for this particular mining
environment has created many difficulties for the mine operators.
In order to resolve these problems, Dr. Ge and his research group have conducted an extensive research to
investigate the basic geotechnical properties of the St. Peter sandstones during the past two years. One of the
major achievements resulting from this investigation is the theoretical elucidation of the mechanics of the
extremely high friction angle associated with the St. Peter sandstone, which is about 60˚ on average and can be
as high as 70˚. Figure 3 shows the friction angle determined from the triaxial tests and Figure 4 is the triaxial
test equipment utilized for this research.
Fig. 3: High Friction angle observed for St. Peter
sandstone
Fig. 4: Sample assembly in pressure vessel
prior to the triaxial test
The phenomenon of the extremely high friction angle associated with the St. Peter Stone suggests a fundamental
question regarding the mechanical properties of St. Peter Stone, “What are the underlying mechanics for this very
high friction angle?” Investigations to date have attributed the high angle to be caused by the various surface
properties of the sandstone particles. We, however, hold a very different view on this problem as none of these
surface properties would be significant enough to cause such a large increase in friction angle. We believe that the
structure of the sandstone particles is the cause and a rhombohedral model (Figure 5) was developed to simulate the
sandstone structure.
Fig. 5 Rhombohedral packing, a structure model for the St. Peter Sandstone The model shows that the particles have to climb to the top of the other particles during the shear displacement. This process is illustrated by Figures 6 and 7. According to the model, the average climbing slope is 15˚. In other words, the shear test under a low fining pressure condition will result in an increase of the friction angle
by 15˚. This result is an accurate prediction of the extremely high friction angle observed for the St Peter
sandstone. In addition to its accuracy, the model also explains two other important phenomena associated with the
St. Peter sandstone: very large dilation under low confining pressures and very small or even no dilation under high
confining pressures.
Fig. 6 A 2D illustration
of the particle
movement during a
shear test
Figure 7 A 3D illustration of the particle movement
during a shear test
Update from Dr. Kwame Awuah-Offei
It has been another great year for Dr. Kwame Awuah-Offei (Dr. Kwame) with teaching, research and service all presenting interesting challenges and fulfilling outcomes.
The Sustainable Mine Modeling Group (SMMG), Kwame’s research group, continued its research on (i) mining and en-ergy sustainability assessment and modeling; (ii) spatiotemporal variation of soil CO2 fluxes; (iii) operator and mine pro-duction impacts on mining energy efficiency; and (iv) mine design and production planning. Kwame continues to teach undergraduate and graduate students and advise the SME/NSSGA student design competition teams.
This past year, Missouri S&T entered three teams in the SME/NSSGA design competition, which saw fourteen teams overall. For the first time, a Canadian school (McGill University) participated extending the global reach of the competi-tion. One of our three teams made it to the second phase in Seattle and came in sixth overall. We were very proud of all our teams who had to take on this task in addition to their academic work and all the other extra-curricular activities. We are happy with our progress in this competition and hope to do better this year.
The competition has already started for this year. And again, Missouri S&T has three teams participating. We look for-ward to the learning and networking that will occur over the course of the competition. We are always delighted to see our students grow as they tackle real-life problems and receive mentoring from the industry judges. While we under-stand the aggregate slant of the competition (it is after all sponsored by mostly aggregates companies), we will encour-age more involvement by professionals in coal and metal mining to expand the mentoring opportunities the competition offers.
This summer, Kwame was funded by the University of Missouri South Africa Education Program to visit University of the Western Cape (UWC) and Stellenbosch University (SU), both near Cape Town, South Africa. He was hosted by Dr. Leslie Petrik, an associate professor of chemistry at UWC, and Dr. Alan Brent, a professor of sustainable development at SU. The trip was funded in response to a proposal to collaborate with these two institutions on mutual research interests. Dr. Petrik has active research in characterizing trace elements in fly ash. Our mutual interest is in the sustainable ex-traction of rare earth elements from this waste stream. Dr. Brent has been working on the sustainability implications
of large scale adoption of renewable energy in South Africa. Being a chemical engineer by training and someone who understands resource needs, Alan is interested in where the critical materials (rare earth ele-ments, lithium, PGMs etc.) necessary for renewable energy production will come from. This question is of mutual interest.
The visit was a success in various ways. The interaction with these col-laborators was very successful. Kwame was part of a one-day workshop led by the collaborators and attended by researchers from UWC, SU and the Cape Peninsula University of Technology. He also visited the Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) offices in Pretoria and Jo-hannesburg and met with a representative from MINTEK. He also visited the Komati Power Station, a coal-fired power plant, to observe fly ash management and disposal practices.
Robben Island - above
Table Mountain - right
Kwame also got to visit Robben Island (where Nelson Mandela was imprisoned for 18 years) and Table Mountain. These visits added to the fun and made the visit even more pleasant.
Kwame looks forward to the coming year with excitement and hopes to continue to aid the Department’s vision to become the global choice for mining engineering education and research.
Angelina Anani, PhD student
Ms. Anani joined the group in January 2012. She obtained her BS in mining engineering from Missouri S&T, in May 2011. Angelina will be working on account-
ing for pillar extraction in underground mine sequence optimization. Her research will develop an algorithm that determines the optimal sequence of extraction in underground room and pillar operations, while concurrently accounting for pillar recovery and min-ing risk. Room and pillar sequencing will be expressed as a mixed integer linear programming optimization problem and solved using a novel branch and bound algorithm. The model will be validated using real coal and metal mine data.
Maryam Abdi Oskouei, MS student
Maryam Abdi Oskouei has been with the Group since Fall 2011. Maryam is modeling dragline energy efficiency under uncer-tainty, in order to understand the effect of operator practices and
operating conditions. The main research activities are data collection, modeling, and verification and validation. She has acquire data from an actual mine using data acquisition equipment; conducted statistical analysis; and formulated a modeling framework. She is currently working on stochastic models of dragline energy efficiency. The outcome of this research will increase understanding of the dynamics of energy efficiency in excavation and material handling opera-tions leading to advanced technologies to reduce the energy intensity of mining operations.
Mark Boateng, MS student
Mark Boateng joined the group this semester (fall 2012). Mark is working on using agent-based model-ing to characterize dynamic interaction between social acceptance and a mining
project. The interaction between community accep-tance and mining projects is dynamic and not static due to changes in community’s demographics, expectations and notions about the mining project from one stage to the other within its cycle. There are currently no ap-proaches to account for the effect of changing char-acteristics of the mine over its life cycle (exploration, exploitation, closure, post-mining land use) and how that affects the communities perception of mining. The goal is to provide a simulation program that will help stakeholders evaluate mining projects based on dy-namic interaction between community acceptance and the mining projects. This will aid better decision making by all sides.
Moagabo J. K. Mathiba, PhD student
Moagabo J. K. Mathiba has been with the Group since Summer 2008 and is ready to graduate. Mr. Mathiba has a BE in mining engineering (Technical University of Nova Scotia, Canada) and MS in environmental science and
engineering (Colorado School of Mines). Moagabo has been modeling soil CO2 flux generated by acid mine drainage (AMD) neutralization reactions with carbonates (mainly lime-stone) on reclaimed mine land. He has measured CO2 fluxes from three reclaimed mine lands in Missouri, Indiana and Pennsylvania, and used various statistical tools to evaluate correlations with soil moisture, soil temperature and sample elevation and explored the nature of the spatial variability. The aim of the research has been to understand the behavior CO2 fluxes measured with chamber accumulation flux mea-surement so as to evaluate the effectiveness in delineating this emerging hazard to post-mining land use.
Sisi Que, PhD student
Ms. Que’s research is on determining the drivers of commu-nity acceptance of mining projects. The goal is to advance sustainability science by understanding the drivers of com-munity acceptance using discrete choice modeling. This approach will help the industry and regulators understand characteristics of individuals and mining projects that con-trol the level of community acceptance.
Eric Raymond Achelpohl
Adebowale O. AkinsanyaBruce H. Allen
John David Anderson
Matthew T. Angle
Lois Appel
Richard L. Ash Jr.
William D. Auberry
Kwame Awuah-Offei
Jason Baird
Connie Lynn Bauers
John J. Baz-Dresch
Darryl G. Bennett
Michael Justin Besancon
David M. Bird
Genevieve Marie Bodnar
Marjorie A. Bohler
Scott J. Bohler
Erin Elaine Boren
Robert William Bosch
Brian T. Bosecker
Maudine M. Bowman
Niles K. Brill
Angela R. Brockley
Leslie M. Brockley
Fredric B. Brost
Donald D. Brumm II
Jason Michael Buenemann
Dr. Richard L. Bullock
Barbara E. Busby
Terry Alan Bush
Frederick J. Campen Jr.
Jonathan Edward Carmack
Emily Carter
James Edward Chaney
William R. Christians
James A. Ciarlette
Dennis A. Clark
Kenneth D. Cochran
Jan Conci
Mark R. Congiardo
Johan Coppens
Chad Russell Cornwell
Andrew W. Cox
Lee Ann Cox
Willard E. Cox
Terry E. Croxford
Bradford C. Cummings
Jerry Leon Curless
Dr. Abbas Ali Daneshy
Kurtis James Daniels
Philip G. Davis
Mary E. Deachan
Richard C. Dendler
Jeffery Gail Denny
Sureshchandra K. Desai
Frank A. Dickof
Adam M. Doerfler
Terry C. Donelson
Terry L. Drechsler
Michael Leo Droszcz
Brianna C. Drury
Jeffrey C. Dubbert
Michael F. Dunn
Donald C Dwyer
Jami M Dwyer
Adam James Eatherton
Allan B. Edwards
Paul K. Edwards
Casimir J. Eichenseer
Dale H. Emling
Lyle David Evans
Phillip S. Fetterman
Timothy James Findley
Patrick S. Flaherty
Glenn H. Fritz
Eric Steven Gamble
Mikel D. Garrett
Fred L. Gatewood
Scott F. Geer II
Fiorella Giana
William E. Giles
Robert G. Giovando
R. Larry Grayson
Andrea M. Green
Michael W. Gronek
Joey Allen Hale
Jack A. Halpern
Mrs. Warren F. Harter
Gary Joseph Hatfield
Andrew J. Heinemann
Larry L. Hendren
Robert B. Hopler
Harry M. Hoppe, Jr.
Ivan D. Howard
Gary Brian Hubbard
Roger J. Hull
James D. Humphrey, PE
Daron Mitchell Hunt
Charles E. Hunter
James Ronald Hutchcraft
Earl E. Jackson
Marguerite L. Johnson
Tristan H. Jones
James H. Junge
Dr. Hemendra N. Kalia
Harlan L. Kebel
Cyril M. Kinane
Dennis Nicholas Kostic
Mark A. Krigbaum
Elizabeth A. Lang
Eugene A. Lang Jr.
Gregory A. Lang
Paul Anthony Lang
Stephen A. Lang
Mary Lou Larson
Richard B. Leisure
Edward C. Leonard
Alvina L. Letcher
Lawrence L. Lewis
Steven R. Lewis
Peter Watts Lounsbury
George O. Lovland
H. John Lutz
Thomas P. Lyons
Adam J. Markus
Charles F. Marosek
Joshua Joseph Martin
Michael T. McCall
Carolyn A. McCannon
Patrick T. McChesney
Clay Allen McNail
Larry L. McNary
Richard Merczak
Aaron Wade Miller
Everett K. Miller
Ronald G. Milligan
Todd R. Mills
Evan Schoultz Mudd
Brian J. Murphy
Kirk A. Nobis
John Novak
Klaus Nunemacher
David Nutakor
Kurt Benton Oakes
Shannon Orr
Martin S. Oudenhoven
Nancy Lynn Parks
Todd Parks
Dr. Wesley C. Patrick
Dustin Ronald Penn
Gary W. Perrey
Mrs. Richard W. Phelps
William Podrazik
Amy R. Pousson
Seth Austin Puls
Joseph S. Quinn
Nicholas Ragsdale
Rudolph J. Ramstack
Stanley E. Rand
Amy M. Reeves
Seth A Reeves
Kathleen A. Reinhold
Donald A Richards Jr.
Brett D. Richter
Kenneth B. Rigsby
Patricia Robertson
Robert J. Rosser
Nathan Rouse
Paul H. Rydlund
Yvonne Sanders
Earl D. Sanderson, Jr.
Jacob Austin Scherer
Michael Jason Scherr
John A. Schillie
Bradley S Schreiber
Jason L. Schroeder
Matthew Schwent
Christopher Searing
Bahram Shajary
Charles J. Shields
Blake E. Silkwood
Cory R. Smith
David A. Smith
William C. Smith
David James Steagall
Paul V. Sterk
Heather Stevinson
Michael Stevinson
John N. Stolwyk
James M. Stratton
Christopher Scott Strickland
John R. Stucker
Gregory F. Sutton
Brian C. Syers
Bruce E. Tarantola
Emil J. Teisa
Daniel W. Thebeau
Martin A. Thieme
Edward N. Thurmond
Dianna K. Tickner
Dr. Jerry C. Tien
Bryan Matthew Tilley
Timothy J. Todd
Bruce Carlton Townes
Charles W. Travelstead
Frank J. Traversone
Richard D Trynoski
Richard A. Tucker
Robert F. Uthoff
Daniel L. Vaughn
Joseph Todd Vaughn
Aaron Kyle Velasquez
Robert J Vetter
Bradley W. Vollmer
Robert L. Wade
Sterling Evans Wainscott
Catherine E. Walker
Jeffery R. Walker
Christopher James Ward
David L. Webb
Samuel Leroy Weeks
Jared Lee Wehde
Scott C. Weinhold
David Bruce Wilhide
Jennifer C. Winston
Brett Elliott Wissel
Megan Leann Wissel
James W. Witmer
Leonard A. Wolff
Morris T. Worley
Worsey and Associates
Dorris M. Yale
Lori R. Young
Forrest A. Younker
Jeffrey L. Zelms
Ty Zimmerly
2011 Phonathon Donors
EXECUTIVE FORUMS
Executive Forum I: Global Opportunities & ChallengesExecutive Forum II: Talent for Global CompetitionExecutive Forum III: Student Forum (organized & moderated by students with student presenters)
TECHNICAL SESSIONSSession I Investment Risks & Opportunities
Session II Technology Transfer Risks & Challenges
Session III Novel Technologies & Knowledge Gap
Session IV Global Venture Capital Acquisition & Financing
Session V International Project Management
Session VI Global Minerals Engineering Education
Session VII Global Sustainable Development
Session VIII Global Mine Safety & Health
Session IX Global Markets & Trading Dynamics
September 09 – 12, 2013
Call for Extended Abstracts & Dates:
September 30, 2012 – Abstract Submission Opens
March 30, 2013 – Abstract Submission Deadline
April 30, 2013 – Acceptance Notification
May 30, 2013 – Presentation Submission Deadline
Havener Center | Rolla, Missouri
We are excited to announce Gary Halverson, Regional President of Barrick Gold of North America, Inc. as the general chair for the upcoming Innovations in Mining Engineering 2013 Conference.
Please join us, along with top industry executives and professionals, faculty and students, to discuss relevant issues on the theme, “Exploring Global Mining Frontiers: Challenges & Opportunities for Winning the Competition.”
Register today atminingconf.mst.edu
MISSOURI UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGYFormerly University of Missouri-Rolla | FoUnded 1870
Innovations in Mining Engineeringu E-MAIL
mining@mst.eduu WEB
mining.mst.edu
u PHONE
573 341 4753
Innovations in Mining Engineeringu E-MAIL
mining@mst.eduu WEB
mining.mst.edu
u PHONE
573-341-4278
Welcome and Congratulations to Board Members
On behalf of the Department and the Board, I welcome the following new members to the Board: (i) Jerry Pyatt, President and
CEO for The Doe Run Company; (ii) Bill Ayers, President and COO for Mississippi Lime Company; (iii) Chance Allen, Vice
President and General Manager, Martin Marietta, and (iv) Richard Goodridge, Manager of Global Technologies, Orica Inc.
In addition, I would also like to congratulate the following for promotion: (i) Paul A. Lang to Executive Vice President and COO
for Arch Coal Inc., and (ii) Pat Risner to President BHP Billiton’s San Juan Mine.
MEMBERS POSITION COMPANY AND LOCATION
Jerry Pyatt President and CEO The Doe Run Company
Stephen A. Lang* Chairman of the Board and Former President and CEO Centerra Gold
William Kennedy President and CEO Jack Kennedy Metal Products
Michael T. McCall* Former CEO and Chairman Luminant Energy
Gregory A. Lang* President & CEO NovaGold Corporation
Dennis N. Kostic President & CEO Weir International
Richard Marston President & CEO Marston, Golder Associates
Rob Vogel President Vulcan Mid West Operations
Bryan Galli President Coal Sale Peabody Energy
John E. Cramer President Casper Stolle Quarry
Pat Risner President BHP Billiton
Paul A. Lang* Executive Vice President & COO Arch Coal Inc.,
Jeane Hull Executive Vice President, Technical Services Peabody Energy
Steve Kopenitz Senior Vice President – Mining Luminant Energy
David Webb Senior Vice President, Global Coal Cliffs Natural Resources
Chris Ward Vice President/General Manager Lehigh Hanson
Jeffrey A. Roschyk Vice President – Marketing/Prod. Mgmt P&H Mining Equipment
John T. Desharoon Vice President, Industry Relations CAT Global Mining
Mike Koesterer Vice President – North America Komatsu America Corp
John Anderson Former Vice President/General Manager Martin Marietta
Chance Allen Vice President/General Manager Martin Marietta
Cory Cook Vice President – Americas Immersive Technologies
Roger Gagliano Vice President – Operations Fred Weber Inc.
Chris Upp Vice President/General Manager Conco Quarries
Jerry Tystad Vice President, Business Improvements Peabody Energy
Kurt Salvatori Vice President, Human Resources Consol Energy
John Cash Director of Technical Services Barrick Gold North America
Richard Goodridge Manager, Global Technology Orica Inc.
Joe Mehl District Engineering Manager Kiewit Mining Group
Bruce Jones General Manager Cloud Peak Energy
Terry Bush Engineering Manager Newmont Corporation
Greg Gajewski Technical Manager Goodyear Company
Richard Bullock Quenon Chair & Professor Emeritus Missouri S&T
Finally, we want to thank you for all your support during this past year. As you have seen in this newsletter, our students, faculty and staff are very active and new projects or events seem to come out of nowhere. However, all these activities help us to “produce” the best young mining engineer possible - and we see that we are on track by increased numbers of companies looking to us for their mining engineers. The formula we use to mix curriculum, student and professional activities is working and we will keep on track. You can be proud of your “Old School” and the new generation of mining engineers. We have some mining companies come directly to the Department to interview. A large number of companies are looking for mining engineers at the Fall 2012 Career Fair. S&T/MSM mining engineers have an excellent reputation in the industry and we are committed to keep the tradition going.
The Faculty and Staff of the Mining Engineering Program
Department of Mining and Nuclear EngineeringMining Engineering Program226 McNutt Hall1400 N. Bishop AvenueRolla, MO 65409-0450
NON PROFIT ORGUS POSTAGE
PAIDPERMIT NO. 170
ROLLA, MO
THE “START” OF THE MISSOUR UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGYMISSOURI SCHOOL OF MINES
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