the most complex machines ever (v3)
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The$Most$Complex$Machines$Ever$
Nano6Technology$Enterprise,$M.phil$Seminar$3mar15:$Uo.Cambridge,$Uk.$
$Pdf$and$SlideCast$@$hGp://ianp24.blogspot.com$
$Opinions$expressed$are$my$own$...$
$
$
Prof. Ian Phillips
Principal Staff Engineer ARM Ltd
ian.phillips@arm.com
Visiting Prof. at ...
Contribution to Industry Award 2008
3v0
2
Two$Driving$MoNvaNons$…$
! That:&Every&18mth&Moore’s&Law&gives&us&around&2x&the&‘capacity’&for&producing&ever&more&Appealing,&but&Complex&machines&to&enhance&our&lives&…&! Containing(many(+ny(but(individually(engineered(components(many(being(just(14nm(big(today(…((
(…(these(are(the(most(Sophis+cated/Complex(machines(that(have(ever(been(made(by(man(! And(the(next(years,(ever(more(so(...(
!...!We!need!to!understand!how!we!are!going!to!Design!and!Develop!them;!before!we!have!to!!(
! That:&The&General&Public&is&increasingly&unaware&of&the&role&of&Technology&in&the&products&and&services&it&values;&and&thus&on&our&various&roles&within&it&...&! ‘They’(consider(our(technology(was(‘solved’(years(ago,(and(that(‘manufacturing’(is(the(only(part(of(it(that(is(
now(valuable((and(the(UK(lost(both(opportuni+es)(! And(although(we(understand(our(own(Scien+fic/Engineering(work,(our(knowledge(of(how(that(fits(into(the(
bigMpicture(is(liNle(beNer!(! That(this(maNers,(because(it(is(ul+mately(the(Public(who(endorse(our(Research,(Products,(Businesses(and(
thus(Wage(Packets.(!…!We!need!to!understand!the!context!of!what!we!do;!before!telling!‘them’!about!it!!
3
... We don’t really understand it ourselves!
Today Samsung Galaxy S5
2014 (1yr lifetime)
40yr ago BT Yeoman
c1964-84 (20yr lifetime)
IC Eng’s came from?
SW Eng’s came from?
Understanding$Research,$Design,$Development$and$Product$
! Products$have$changed$hugely$in$my$life$...$$! Improved:(Technology,(Methods(and(Tools((! Different:(Business(Models(and(Global(Markets((...(Con+nuous,(subtle(change(for(40+(yrs(
! Both$products$went$along$this$(RDDP)$path$…&
...!So!is!History!relevant!to!today's!Products?&
4
Age of the ... Universe – 13.6Byr
Earth – 4.5Byr Life – 3.5Byr StarNng$at$the$Beginning$...$
32,000 yrs got us to this!
! CroMMagnon(Man((Us!)$–$35,000$yr$ago$$! ‘Developed’(from(HomoMSapien((Wise(Human)(>100,000(yr(! Mission:(Survive!Nature!(1,000(gen’n)(
! The(Philosophers(–$2,50061,000$yr$ago(! Pythagoras,(Socrates,(Plato,(Aristotle,(Archimedes,(...(! Mission:(Understanding!Nature!
! The(Scien+sts(–$1,0006500$yrs$ago(! Galileo,(Descartes,((1000(ad)(! Electricity(M(William(Gilbert((1600ad)(! Mission:(ManipulaIon!of!Nature!
! The(Engineers(–$260$yrs$ago(! Industrial!RevoluIon!(1750:(8(gen’n)(! Mission:(ExploitaIon!of!Nature!! Year(0:(ScienceMMeetsMExploita+on(! Technology(Based(Business(Emerges((
...!Technology’s!BIGOBANG!was!just!260!years!ago!!
5
CompuNng:$At$the$FronNer$of$Technology$today?$
! HPCs$and$Mainframes?&…&Yes&! WorkstaOons&(High&Performance&DeskRTop)?&…&Probably&$
6
$ $...$State$(s)$and$Time$(t)$are$always$factors$in$this$(Though(not(always(important).$
! Can(include(phenomena(ranging(from(human(thinking(to(calcula+ons(with(a(narrower(meaning.((( ( ( ( (...(Wikipedia(
! Predominantly(used(it(to(animate(models(of(realMworld(situa+ons(( (...(fast(enough(for(use(as(a(stabilising(factor(in(a(loop((RealM+me).(
( (...(Not(prescrip+ve(about(the(choice(of(Implementa+on(Technology!(( (...(Nor(prescrip+ve(about(Programmability!(
Compute:$To$Evaluate$an$Algebraic$EquaNon$(Model)$...$$Computer: A mechanism to do this repetitively…
y=F(x,t,s) IN (x)
Enumerated Phenomena
OUT (y) Information
(Processed Data)
7
History:$100BC$6$Hipparchos’s$AnNkythera$Early-Mechanical
Computation
Hipparchos c.190 BC – c.120 BC.
Ancient Greek Astronomer,
Philosopher and Mathematician ! A!Mechanism!for!CompuIng!Planetary!PosiIons!
! Technology:!!HandOMade!Metal,!HandOCut!Gears,!!Engraving,!Analogue!
! Found(in(the(Mediterranean(in(1900((Believe(there(might(have(been(10’s)($ $ $See:$hGp://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/p02hz21v$
8
History:$1700$6$Graham’s$Orrery$
! A!Mechanism!for!CompuIng!Planetary!PosiIons!(1,800!yrs!a[er!AnIkythera!)!
! Technology:!!FactoryOMade!Metal,!MachineOCut!Gears,!Wood,!Analogue!
! Inventor:(George(Graham((1674M1751).(English(ClockMMaker.(
Mechanical Technology
George$Graham
9
! A!Mechanism!for!CompuIng!Polynomial!Tables!
! Technology:!Metal,!Precision!Gears,!Digital!(base!10)!
! Too(expensive(for(the(technology(of(the(day(
History:$1837$6$Babbage's$Difference$Engine$
Constructed 2000
Late-Mechanical Computation
10
History:$1856$6$Amsler’s$Planimeter$Mechanical
Computation
Planimeter 2014 !
! A!Mechanism!for!CompuIng!the!Area!of!an!arbitrary!2D!shape!
! Technology:!Precision!Mechanics,!!Analogue!
! Available(today(...(Electronically(enhanced(
11
! General!Purpose,!Stored!Program,!CompuIng!Mechanism!
! Technology:!Electronics!(valves),!Digital!(base!2)!! Available(today(...(Enhanced(by(MicroMElectronics((Mainframe(<=>(Laptop)(
History:$1947$6$Uo.Manchester’s$“Baby”$(Reconstruc+on)(Electronic
Computation
ImplementaNons$a
re$Limited$
by$availabl
e$Technolo
gy!$
12
10nm
100nm
1um
10um
100um
App
roxi
mat
e P
roce
ss G
eom
etry
ITRS’99
Tran
sist
ors/
Chi
p (M
)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moore’s_law
Moore’s$Law:$50$yrs$of$$Technology$Driven$Opportunity$...$
Tran
sist
or/P
M (
K)
X
13
CompuNng:$Today$6$Visible,$but$not$Vital$
Purchased$by$Consumers$for$FuncNon$not$Technology$
14
CompuNng:$Today$6$Invisible$and$Vital$
Purchased$by$Professionals$for$FuncNon$not$Technology$
15
! Need:&A$Mechanism$for$enhancing$human$memory$(Camera)&! Technology:&...$
! Excellent(Lenses(! Fine(Mechanical(Mechanisms(! ElectroMMechanical(Exposure(Metering(! Metal((and(some)(Plas+c(Forming(! Manual(Assembly(! PhotoMChemical(Memory((35mm(Film)(
(
1998$6$Canon$EOS$Rebel$GII$(17yrs$ago)$
35mm Film Camera
System-Level Mechanical Computation
16
! Need:&A$Mechanism$for$enhancing$human$memory$(Camera)&! Technology:&...$
! Digital(Logic((CPU+I.O.)(! Sokware(! Memory((NV(and(RAM)(! Excellent(Lenses(and(Displays(! Analogue(Electronics((Network(&(GPS)(! Sensors(and(Transducers((CCD(&(MEM)(! Precision(Mechanics(! MicroMMotors(! BaNeries(and(Energy(Storage(! LEDs(and(Discharge(Tubes(! Precision(forming(of(Plas+cs(and(Metal(! Electronic(Packaging(! Robo+c(Assembly(...(Technology(External(to(the(Product!(
...((All(of(these(Technologies(are(available(to((21c(Businesses(today(...(
2014$6$Canon$EOS$5D$$$(Today)$
Incorporating DIGIC5+ (ARM)
System-Level Computation
Q: So why couldn’t ARM make a camera to compete with Canon?
A: Because Canon has Capabilities in place that we don’t have!
ARM-based Computer
17
So$CapabiliOes$actually$limit$a$Business's$Product$PossibiliNes...$ ... They are also an Entry Barrier to your Competitors
CA
PAB
ILIT
IES
Product Development
PR
OD
UC
T
! Business$needs$to$Know$it$can$make$a$Product$before$they$Start$to$design$it.$! CapabiliIes(help(to(Manage(the(Risk((There’s(frequently(no(second(chance!)(
! Making$a$Product$is$sNll$Work;$but$based$on$CapabiliNes$it$is$KnownRWork!$! Unknowns(lead(to(Protracted(Timescales,(Blown(Budgets,(Lost(Opportuni+es(and(Panic!(
! Business$need$and$Appropriate&set&of&CapabiliOes,$before$they$commences$a$Product&Development&
(...(But(is(the(Process(Linear((as(depicted(here)?(((((((…(Does(a(given(Set(of(Capabili+es(lead(to(a(Specific(Product?(…!NO!!
18
! Science(M(Demonstrated(Fundamentals;(Predictable,(Encapsulated,(New(
! Technology(M(ScaledMup(Science(s).(Reliable(and(produc+ve(enough((for(use(in(a(real(Product((or(its(Processes.(May(be((NewMtoMAll,(or(only(NewMtoMYou(((others(may(have(as(a(Capability)(
! Capability(M(Installed(Technology(InMplace(in(business,(ready(for((missionMcri+cal(use(in(a((New(Product(Development.(
! Product(M(Delivered(Func+onality.((Market(Need,(Func+onality(CostMEffec+ve,(Quality((
The$Capability&Model1$…$“Capabilities are the Bridge between Science and its Exploitation”
Capability Capability Capability Capability
Capability Capability Capability
Concept
KN
OW
N-W
OR
K
Developm
ent - Exploit Capabilities
Using Science or Technology here just increases RISK
TRL 1-4
TRL 9
TRL 8-9
TRL 5-9
Tech
nolo
gy
Rea
dine
ss
Leve
ls
1:(Not(described(in(literature.(
Science Science Science Science
Science
Science Science ?-
WO
RK
Technology Technology
Technology ?-w
ork
Research - Enquire, Understand & Establish a Capability
19
! A$Capability$is$an$Installed$$‘Unit’$of$$Technology,$such$that$it$may$$be$relied$upon$for$Mission6CriNcal$Business$purposes.$! They(are(Installed:(Reliable,(Trusted,(Predictable,(Usable.(! They(may(Cross(Technology(Boundaries((HW,(SW,(Op+cs,(Mul+MChip,(etc)(! They(are(NOT(Product(Specific(...(
! Eg:$$Need$Fortran$capability$by$2016.$$Need$to$handle$Logic$Reliability$by10nm$node.$$Need$a$Bus$
architecture$for$use$in$and$between$3D/Chiplet$by$2020.$$Need$10x$system6power$efficiency$improvement$$by$2020.$$Need$a$JIT$Java$Compiler$by$2016.$
! They(can(be(Technology(Answers(...(! Eg:$$How$will$our$Partners$handle$the$end$of$Moors$Law?$How$can$we$increase$our$Partners$ProducNvity$
in$our$Product$Offering?$Will$Transistor$Reliability$become$a$serious$issue$at$14nm?$
(...(Capabili+es(are(the(Founda+ons(for(Product(Development(( (...(And(they(are(established(by(Research((“Finding(out”)(
Capability&6$A$unit$of$Deployable$Science$A Capability is the Bridge between a Science and its Exploitation
20
! Short$Term:$From$the$KnownRSet&...(! Refine!what!we!know!(Including(Individual(knowledge,(Team(knowledge,(and(Tools).(! Acquire!what!others!know!(Recruit,(Develop,(Contract,(Licence,(Acquire,(Espionage,(etc)((...(Specific,(internal,(secrecy,(lowMnumber,(highMcost,(confidence(
(
! Longer$Term:$From$the$UnknownRSet$...(! Targeted!Research!M(Specific,(pointMfocus,(commercial(advantage((CrownMjewels)(! Partnered!Research!M(Specific,(focused,(indirect(commercial(advantage((ARM(Partners)(! University/InsItute!Research!M(Generic,(wide(spectrum,(nonMdifferen+a+ng(knowledge(
! ARM$Funded$Research$Projects$
! NaNonal$Support$Programs1$(TSB,$H2020,$Research$Councils,$DARPA,$etc)(
( (...(Generic,(broadMspectrum,(openness,(highMnumber,(lowMcost,(partnering,(sharing,(uncertainty($
(...(Guided(by(Road(Map(from(longer(term(Business(Objec+ves$
Research$6$Establishes$CapabiliNes$... for Development Engineers to use for Product Development
21
Development$–$Exploits$CapabiliNes$to$Deliver$a$Product$... (Tangible or Intangible) to fulfil a Customer Need and a Business Objective ! Design$is$a$creaNve$role$within$Development$! Engineers$Deliver&an$effecNve$Technical6Product$soluNon$...$
! MeeIng!FuncIonal(and(NonOFuncIonal(criteria(...(! Eg:$Quality,$TTM,$Budget,$Reproducibility,$Testability,$Cost,$Power.$$
! Maximising!Product!DifferenIaIon;(Minimising(Product(Risk,(Cost(and(Uncertainty(! Using(Available!Capability!(Technology,(Methodology,(Tools(and(KnowMHow)(
! Engineers$Innovate$by$pushing$the$bounds$of$Available$CapabiliNes$...$! Using(the(opportuni+es(presented(by(the(Par+cular(Product(Brief(! Trading(between(Available(Capabili+es((Eg:(HW,(SW,(Analogue)(! U+lising(his/her(wider(sphere(of(knowledge,(knowMhow(and(experience((...((Not(all(implementa+ons(are(‘equally(good’(
(...(Innova+on(is((&(will(remain)(a(Fundamental(Engineering(role(
22
! A$Customer$buys$a$Product$it$for$its$Valued$UNlity$...$$ $ $...$A$Supplier$sells$a$Product$for$its$AnNcipated$UNlity$
! They!are!different!so(its(Important(to(Match(Expecta+ons!(! Product(must(exceed(Consumers(needs((By(how(much?)(! Func+onality(is(Assumed((It(has(no(Extra(Value!)(! Customers(are(not(always(the(best(source(of(New(Product(ideas(
! EndRProduct&is$very$special$...$It$funds$its$enNre$value6chain$! The(EndMCustomer(is(YOU!(
! Research$Outcomes$can$be$Products!$$! Their(Product(is(a(Science(or(Technology((Occasionally(a(Capability)(! It(is(seldom(tangible((It(is(usually(virtual)(! But!never!an!EndOProduct!in!its!own!right(
(...(A(Business(Model(makes(the(Rela+onship(Sustainable!(
Product$6$Something$you$make$which$a$Customer$buys$ ... The basis of a Mutually Beneficial, Business Relationship
23
! They$profitably$sell$what$Customers$(you)$want$to$Buy$
! They$focus$on$their$Core$Competencies$in$a$Globally$CompeNNve$Market$
! They$avoid$CommodiNsaNon$by$Product$DifferenNaNon$…$
! Cost(and(Quality((by(improving(Process)(..and..(! Improved(BusinessMModels((which(take(the(Money)((..and..(! New/Improved(Technology(when(it(offers(benefit((may(be(Expensive(or(Risky)(
! Product&Development&is&a&Cost&(Risk)&to&be&Minimised&! Technologies(just(enable(Op+ons!((HW,(SW,(Mechanics,(Op+cs,(Graphene,(etc)((! NewMTechnology(may(cost(more(than(it(delivers(in(Product(Value!((Including(risk)(! OverMDesign(costs(...(Good(Enough(is(Enough!(! Reuse(saves(…(Cannot(afford(to(reMinvent(the(wheel,(or(the(pursuit(of(excellence.(
(...(Because(successful(EndMProducts(fund(their(en+re((RD&I)(ValueMChains((...(Their(Technologies(will(flowMdown(into((all)(lower(volume(markets!$
Business$–$A$sustainable$Money$Making$enNty$Businesses have to be Competitive, Money Making Machines today …
24
(...(Older(Markets(remain;(but(inherit(their(current(technology(from(Lead(Markets!(
Business$OpportuniNes$Drive$Technology$Developments$ ... And 21c Products are ‘Smart’ and ‘Connected’
1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030
Main Frame
Mini Computer
Personal Computer
Desktop Internet
Mobile Internet
Mill
ions
of
Uni
ts
Prof
essio
nal !
" C
onsu
mer
1st Era Select work-tasks
2nd Era Broad-based computing for specific tasks
3rd Era Computing as part of our lives
25
ARM:$Enables$InnovaNon$Across$the$EnNre$Industry$
Leader$in$wearables$and$the$IoT$
>70%$of$smart$TVs$and$>95%$of$portable$game$consoles$ Enabling$the$transformaNon$
of$the$network$infrastructure$
and$data$center$
ARM6based$servers$now$shipping$
Driving$smart$energy,$home$networking,$automoNve$$
>95%$of$smartphones$
and$tablets$>80%$of$digital$cameras$
((…(So(how(did(this(happen?(
26
1991: ARM RISC-Processor Core …
27
ARM7 Core
DMA
Par. Port
PCMCIA UART (2)
Int’t. Contr.
Memory Interface
Timers W’Dog Arb’tr. Misc.
1991: ARM RISC-Processor Core …
28
10nm
100nm
1um
10um
100um
App
roxi
mat
e P
roce
ss G
eom
etry
ITRS’99
Tran
sist
ors/
Chi
p (M
)
Tran
sist
or/P
M (
K)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moore’s_law
“Verification Gap” 1,800py 8,500py
100py
Moore’s$Law:$50$yrs$of$Increasing$Design$Challenge$...$
Global Teams Local Teams Small Team Single Designer
Expertise Reuse HW&SW Reuse Some Reuse Clean Sheet
29
Designer$ProducNvity$became$the$Methodology$Driver$
! The$Product$PossibiliNes$offered$by$uNlising$the$Billions$of$Affordable$and$AestheNcally$Encapsulate6able$Transistors$is$Commercially$Beguiling!$
! But$the$only$way$to$realise$these$possibiliNes$in$a$reasonable$Nme,$with$a$reasonable$team$and$at$a$reasonable$cost$…$is$by$huge$amounts$of$Reuse$of$Design$and$Technology$
! Reuse!fundamentally(increases(ProducIvity!! Hardware,(So[ware(and(other(Technologies;(Methods(and(Tools!! InOCompany:!Sourced(and(Evolved(from(Predecessor(Products!! ExOCompany:(Sourced(from((smaller)(businesses(with(Specialist(Knowledge((Such(as(ARM)(! Reuse!Improves!Quality;(as(objects(are(designed(more(carefully,(and(bugMfixes(are(incremental(
! But$Beware;$all$systems$have$residual$errors!$$
(...(CleanMSheet(approaches(will(always(be(orders(of(magnitude(higher(in(cost((…(So(>99%(Reuse(will(be(the(nature(of(future(all(Product(Design(and(Development!(
(
30
A$Truly$Global$Endeavour$...$ ... Global Teams contributing their Specialist Knowledge & Knowhow
! Apple$ID’d$159$Tier61$Suppliers$...$! Thousands(of(Engineers(Globally(
! Est.$10x$Tier62$Suppliers$...$! Including(Virtual(Components1(and((
SubMSystems(((ARM(and(other(IP(Providers)(! Mul+ple(Technologies(...(
! Hardware,(Sokware,(Op+cs,(Mechanics,(Acous+cs,(RF,(Plas+cs,(etc$
! Manufacturing,(Test,(Qualifica+on,(etc.(! Methods,(Tools,(Training,(etc(
! Tens(of(thousands(Engineers(Globally(
...(More(than(90%(of(Technology(and(Methods(are(Reused((produc+vity)!(
1:(Virtual(Components(do(not(appear(on(BOM(
31
Many$Virtual$Components$in$an$iCon$" Analogue$and$Digital$Design$" Embedded$Souware$
" Signal$Processing$Methodology$
" Metal,$PlasNcs$and$Glass$Forming$
" Micro6Machines$(MEMs)$
" Displays$and$Transducers$" RoboNcs$and$Test$in$Manufacture$
" Knowledge$and$Know6How$" Research,$EducaNon$and$Training$" Special$Components,$Sub6Systems$$
and$Systems;$Design,$Assembly$and$$Manufacture$
" Metrology,$Methodology$and$Tools$
" ReproducNon$Processes$
...(But(only(Physical(Components(appear(on(the(BOM(!((…(Danger:(Out(of(sight,(is(out(of(mind(!!(
32
ARM$brings$the$Right$Horse$to$the$Right$Course$...$
( ( ( (...(Delivering(~5x(speed((Architecture(+(Process(+(Clock)(
About 50MTr
About 50KTr
33
...$Which$means:$24$Processors$in$6$Families$...$
Not(just(the(Processors,(but(How(to(Build(them(into(Systems(...(
34
...$CoreLink$for$Hetrogeneous$MulN6Processing$...$
ACE
ACE
NIC-400 Network Interconnect
Flash GPIO
NIC-400
USBQuad Cortex-
A15
L2 cache
Interrupt Control
CoreLink™DMC-520
x72DDR4-3200
PHY
AHB
Snoop Filter
Quad Cortex-
A15
L2 cache
Quad Cortex-
A15
L2 cache
Quad Cortex-
A15
L2 cache
CoreLink™DMC-520
x72DDR4-3200
8-16MB L3 cache
PCIe10-40GbE
DPI Crypto
CoreLink™ CCN-504 Cache Coherent Network
IO Virtualisation with System MMU
DSPDSP
DSP
SATA
Dual channel DDR3/4 x72
Up to 4 cores per cluster
Up to 4 coherent clusters
Integrated L3 cache
Up to 18 AMBA interfaces for I/O coherent accelerators
and IO
Peripheral address space
Heterogeneous processors – CPU, GPU, DSP and accelerators
Virtualized Interrupts
Uniform System
memory
35
$…$Tools,$Libraries$and$Partners$to$Realize$the$Opportunity$! Technology&to&build&Electronic&System&soluOons:&
! So[ware,!Drivers,!OSOPorts,!Tools,!UIliIes!!to(create(efficient(system(with(op+mized(sokware(solu+ons!
! Diverse(Physical!Components,(including(CPU!and!GPU!processors!designed(for(specific(tasks(
! Interconnect(System!IP!delivering(coherency(and(the(quality(of(service(required(for(lowest(memory(bandwidth(
! OpImised!CellOLibraries!for(a(highly(op+mized(SoC(implementa+ons(
! Well&Connected&to&Partners&in&the&LifeRCycle:&! For(complementary(tools(and(methods(required(by(System(
Developers(! Global&Technology&Global&Partners:&
! ~1000(Partners;(Millions(of(Developers(
36
Software development tools
Physical IP – Design of the building blocks of the chip
Processor and Graphics IP – Design of the brain of the chip
Power Mgmt Bluetooth
Cellular Modem
WiFi
SIM
GPS Flash Controller
Touchscreen & Sensor Hub
Sensor Hub
Camera
Apps Processor
ARM$Technology$! Advanced$consumer$products$are$incorporaNng$more$and$more$ARM$technology$–$from$processor$and$mulNmedia$IP$to$souware$
Early software development on Virtual Platforms
37
ARM$Partnership:$Building$for$the$Long$Term$
ARM Chips shipped in 2014 by ARM Partners
ARM Chips Shipped to Date by ARM Partners
38
! UK$Established$and$Headquartered$$! Global$leader$in$the$development$of$semiconductor$IP$
! R&D(outsourcing(for(semiconductor(companies(
! InnovaNve$business$model$yields$high$margins$! Upfront!license!fee!–(flexible(licensing(models(! Ongoing!royalIes!–(typically(based(on(a((
percentage(of(chip(price(! Technology!reused!across(mul+ple(applica+ons(
...(ARM!Technology!Creates(new(markets,(and(Transforms(exis+ng(ones(
ARM’s$Business$Model$
2-3
20+$years$MulNple$applicaNons$
development$and$sales$
263$years$Partner$chip$
development$
263$years$ARM$research$and$
development$
Cost$incurred$
License$revenue$$$
Royalty$revenue$$$
~1,200$total$licenses$$…$163$in$2014$
>350$potenNal$$royalty$payers$
12bn$ARM6based$chips$in$2014$
20%$CAGR$over$last$5$years$
~$1.3b$Revenue $$(~28%$on$R&D)$
~3300$Employees$ww $(~1400$in$the$UK)$
… from Y2014 published figures
39
ARM’s$Vision$…$ … Is a world where all electronic products and services are based upon energy
efficient technology from ARM, making life better for everyone
40
Conclusions$! These$are$the&Most&Complex&Machines&ever;$they$are$driven$by$High6Volume$Commercial$opportuniNes$whose$customers$do$not$recognise$or$value$the$technical$achievement…$
! EndMCustomers(buy(‘Sa+sfac+on(of(a(need’(…(! Product(Cost,(Availability(and(Style(are(their(dominant(concerns(! Func+onality(is(assumed!((They(don’t(pay(extra(for(cleverness)(
! CapabiliOes$are$the$Bridge$between$Research$outcomes$and$Products$…$! Research(establishes(Capabili+es(so(that(Product(Development(can(proceed(predictably(
! From$the$Known$and$the$Unknown$sets$of$knowledge$
! CapabiliIes(are(installedMtechnology;(ready(for(Engineers(to(use(to(create(a(Product!! Technologies(provide(op+ons;(not(all(of(which(will(be(valuable(in(all(Products(
! Moor’s&Law&has$provided$us$with$huge$Technical$Opportunity$for$50yrs$…$! Today(its(poten+al(can(only(be(realised(by(deploying(>99%!Reuse;(! Using(Real(and(Virtual!Components;(from(Specialist(Suppliers(around(the(world(
(...(Designer(Produc+vity(is(the(Driver(of(Methodology!((Perfec+on(is(s+ll(for(the(gods)(
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Complexity;$Coming$to$your$Doorstep!$
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