the muscles move the body like strings move a puppet
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The muscles move the body like strings move a puppet.
The muscular system is made up of…
muscles
and
tendonsThe prefixes “my/o” and “sarc/o” refer to
muscles.
The Muscular System
Muscle is a general term for contractile tissue
Consists of over 600 individual muscles.
What are muscles made of?
Stretchy, elastic
cells and fibers
All muscle cells are elongated and are called fibers.
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Muscles produce movement by shortening in length or contracting.
Chapter 65
Three types of muscles
Involuntary or Smooth – cannot be controlled by will.
Cardiac – controls the contractions of the heart. (involutary)
Voluntary or Skeletal – can be controlled by will.
Smooth Muscle
Smooth muscles are found in the hollow parts of the body. This would be in places like the stomach, intestines, blood vessels and the bladder
they are usually in sheets, or layers, with one layer of muscle behind the other.
Because it is the muscle of organs, it is sometimes called visceral muscle
Cardiac Muscle
Cardiac muscles are involuntary and found only in the heart.
Most of your heart is made of cardiac muscle. The cardiac muscle never stops working until you die.
Voluntary or Skeletal Muscles(also called Striated because the muscles
appear to be striped)– Function is to:
maintain posture protect internal organs stabilize jointsproduce movement produce heat and energy for the
body
Most muscles span across joints attach to bones in at least two places.
1. The bone that moves when a muscle contracts is called the muscle's insertion.
2. The bone that does not move, or is less moveable, is called the muscle's origin.
3. The motion produced by the contraction is called the muscle's action.
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Naming Muscles– Muscles can be named based on any of the
following criteria:
– Muscle location (biceps brachii, brachii = arm)– Number of origins (biceps brachii has two origins
bicep=two heads)– Action (adductor longus, adducts the thigh)– Size (gluteus maximus, maxiumus=biggest)– Location of attachments– Shape (deltoid, delta=triangle)– Combination of all the above
Chapter 611
Why do I need tendons?
Tendons attach my muscles to my bone helping my body move.
Feel your tendon right above your heel in the back of your leg.
This is the thickest tendon in your body.
Muscle Movements Flexion – the act of bending. The joint angle
decreases. The muscle that bends the joint is called flexor
muscle When you bend your elbow your are flexing.
Extension means to straighten a joint. The joint angle increases.
An Extensor muscle straightens the joint
Abduction *movement in the frontal plane
Means to move or take away from the body, usually midline
Adduction
Means to add or move toward the body
*movement in the frontal plane
Pronation and Supination
Special movements of the forearm Pronation is palms down Supination is palms up (facing forward if in the
anatomical position)
Circumduction – to make a circle
Combined flexion, extension, abduction and adduction
Rotation
Means to rotate or move around an axis. For example, you turn your head side to side to say no.
Dorsiflexion/Plantarflexion
Flexion and extension at the ankle joint
Did you know?????
It takes more muscles to
frown
than to
smile?
Diseases and Disorders– Strain – overuse of a muscle and/or
tendon.– Strains cause pain, swelling and limited
movement.– Strains should be treated immediately with:
– Rest– Ice– Compression – Elevation
RICE
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Fibromyalgia
– a chronic pain in muscles. The term "fibromyalgia" means pain in the
muscles, ligaments and tendons. – Symptoms include:– A history of widespread pain (pain on both sides of
the body and above and below the waist) that is present for at least three monthsPain in at least 11 of 18 tender-point sites.
– Treatment includes pain medication physical therapy, massage and muscle relaxants
Chapter 623
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Bursitis and Tendonitis
Chapter 624
– Dislocation – may result from an injury or strenuous, sudden movement.
Muscular dystrophy – a group of inherited diseases that cause progressive weakness and disability
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