the national revival and the liberation
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The National revival and the liberation
Life is like a big ocean in whose depths there are many hidden reefs. One of the most important reefs in the life of the Bulgarian country is the reef, that provoked the need for national revival.
The ‘awakeners’ were the first, who dove into the depths and found the reef for cultural revival.
The cultural revival was made possible by a profound economic, social and political
changes which overcame the Ottoman Empire in the eighteenth and early nineteenth
centuries.
The awakeners
Paiisi Hilendarski was born in the town of Bansko in 1722
In 1745 he entered Hilendar and became a taxidiot
In 1761 he travelled to he Habsburg monarchy to consult copies from Russian manuscripts
In 1762 he moved to the monastery of Zograf
There he created A Slavonic- Bulgarian History of the Peoples, Tsars, Saints and of all their Deeds and of the Bulgarian Way of Life
His aim was to resurrect the national consciousness and to impose to Bulgarians that they have reasons for a national self-confidence and pride
Of all the Slav peoples the must glorious were the Bulgarians; they were the first who called themselves tsars, the first to have a patriarch, the first to adopt the Christian faith, and they it was who conquered the largest amount of territory.
Thus, of all the Slav peoples they were the strongest and the most honoured, and the first Slav saints cast their radiance from amongst the Bulgarian people and through the Bulgarian language.
Yuri Venelin was a Habsburg subject and pioneer Slavicist
In 1829 published The Ancient and Present-Day Bulgarians in their Political, Ethnographic and Religious Relationship to the Russians
Paissi and his fellow awakeners put on the Bulgarian nation an eternal wreath symbolizing the spirit of the national revival.
Economic, social and political changes in the Ottoman Empire
The upheavals from eighteenth and early nineteenth century were in favor of awakeners’ ideas as they opened the borders of the Empire and gave
them the chance to create Bulgarian communities in other countries and to present the Bulgarian question
to the European society.
Treaty of Passarowitz (1718) was important trade agreement between Ottoman and Habsburgs Empires
In 1740s Britain and France received trading preferences
In 1774 there was a treaty of Kutchuk Kainardji
In late 18th century
Bulgarian population started moving from countryside plains towards small towns
Preferred destinations were small mountain towns.
Other part of Bulgarian population decided to emigrate to other states
Those Bulgarian emigrants created major cultural centers out of the borders of the Ottoman Empire that played significant role in the development of Bulgarian culture
The problem with ayans was resolved by the Empire in the period 1820-1831
It had positive long-run impact on Bulgarians Most beneficial were Bulgarians sheep-reares
and cloth-producers
The next important step in the Bulgarian cultural revival was the implementation of Bulgarian language in both of church and school
Neofit Bozveli introduced Slavic liturgical training
Vasil Aprilov established the first school teaching in Bulgarian
The struggle for a separate Bulgarian church
The first outbursts against Greek-dominated church began in 1820s
In 1835 there was a concerted move to secure the nomination of Bulgarian speaking bishop
In 1839 the Hatt-i-Sherif is issued The movement against Greek bishops enlarged in 40s
and 50s, led by Neofit Bozveli and Ilarion Makariopolski
In 1849 the Porte agreed that Bulgarians should be allowed to build a church in the Ottoman Capital
The church was called St Stephen and the donator was Stefan Bogoridi
The Bulgarians could not longer rely on Russia In 1856 there was a Hatt-i-Humayoun In the same year there was a petition to the
sultan In Constantinople 1860 witnessed a virtual
declaration of ecclesiastical independence by the Bulgarian church
In 1867 Patriarch Gregory the Sixth offered the Bulgarians an autonomous church within the patriarchate
In February 1870 the sultan issued a firman, or declaration of intent, to recognize a separate Bulgarian church headed by an exarch
The first Bulgarian exarch is the Bishop Antim of Vidin
The struggle for political independence and the liberation of 1878
In 19th century Bulgarian society achieved great progress in their cultural and educational revival, but was still doing few actions regarding their political independence
Georgi Sava Rakovski was born in Kotel in 1821
In 1840 tried to develop secret societies in Athens and Braila
During Crimean war organized a small legion in order to support Russian army
In 1862 took part in the destruction of the last Ottoman garrison in Serbia
In 1866 he created the Bulgarian Secret Central Committee
Luben Karavelov was born in 1834 in Koprivshtitsa
He was among the first Bulgarian writers
He was also among the most prominent followers of Rakovski and his revolutionary ideas
Vasil Levski was born in 1837 in Karlovo
In 1858 he entered a monastery for two years
In 1862 he joined Rakovski legion in Belgrade
He introduces the idea about the Apostles
He was major figure in the development of secret revolutionary system in the whole country
“If I succeed, I shall succeed for the whole nation; If I fail, then I alone shall die”
Hristo Botev was born in Kalofer in 1848
He got his basic education at home
Botev won a scholarship for Odesa
He was mostly popular with poetry
Died in 1876 leading a cheta that should have supported the April Uprising in the revolutionary district of Vratsa
In 1876 Ottoman Empire had problems with Bosnia and Serbia
The leaders of Bulgarian revolutionary Committee saw in it the opportunity for simultaneous rising
April Uprising did not run as it was planned
It resulted in no serious damages to the Ottoman authority and the massacre of 5000 Bulgarian Christians
The brutal suppression of April Uprising led to public disagreements in Western Europe and Russia
As a result of it Russia declared a war on Ottoman Empire in 1877
The end of War and the creation of the new Bulgarian State
San Stefano Peace Berlin Treaty
The End
Thank you for the attention !!!
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