the new monarchies: 15 c – 16 c. characteristics of the new monarchies 1.they offered the...
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The New Monarchies:
15c – 16c
The New Monarchies:
15c – 16c
Characteristics of the New Monarchies
Characteristics of the New Monarchies
1. They offered the institution of monarchy as a guarantee of law and order.
2. They proclaimed that hereditary monarchy was the legitimate form of public power all should accept this without resistance.
3. They enlisted the support of the middle class in the towns tired of the local power of feudal nobles.
4. They would have to get their monarchies sufficiently organized & their finances into reliable order.
Characteristics of the New Monarchies
Characteristics of the New Monarchies
5. They would break down the mass of feudal, inherited, customary, or “common” law in which the rights of the feudal classes were entrenched.
6. The kings would MAKE law, enact it by his own authority, regardless of previous custom or historic liberties What pleases the prince has the force of law!
7. Divine Right – The idea that God created the monarch Y that the monarchy and the monarch acted as God’s representative on Earth
England stability under the Tudors
France consolidation of power.
Spain unification by marriage.
HR Empire different model: the cost of decentralization.
Ferdinand & Isabella of Spain
Ferdinand & Isabella of Spain
The Madonna of the Monarchs
Kingdoms of Spain: 1492Kingdoms of Spain: 1492
Charles V (1555)
• Devout Catholic
• Controlled– Spain– Spanish American Colonies– Parts of Italy (Holy Roman Empire)– Austria– The Netherlands
The Empire of Philip IIThe Empire of Philip II
Philip II’s Empire“His smile and his dagger were very close”
Inherited:
Spain Spanish Netherlands American colonies
Gained control of:
PortugalParts of AfricaIndiaThe East Indies
The Wealth of Philip II
• Between 1550 & 1650 Spain acquired – 339,000 pounds of gold– 16,000 tons of silver
Spain claimed between ¼ & 1/5 of every ships treasure
Defender of Catholicism
• 1571 – Pope calls to fight against the Ottoman Empire (Muslim)
• Philip sends over 200 ships to Lepanto
• 1588 - Spanish Armada is defeated by Protestant England
Golden Age of Spain
• El Greco – Domenikos Thotokipoulos “The Greek”– Art showed deep Catholic faith
Diego Velazquez
• Painted to reflect the pride of the Spanish Monarchy
Don Quixote de la Mancha
• 1605 – “The birth of the modern European novel”
• Some believe it mocks chivalry & the Middle Ages
• Others believe it is about an idealistic person longing for the past
Fall of the Spanish Empire
Economic:
• Severe inflation– Too much silver found
• Expelling the Jews & Moors– Were Spain’s artists & businessmen
• Taxes– Nobles did not pay them– Burden went to the lower class
Fall of the Spanish Empire
• Economic:
• Guilds manufactured expensive goods
• Spain purchased goods from foreign nations
• Kings borrowed money to finance wars
• Spain went bankrupt three times!
Fall of the Spanish Empire
• The Dutch revolt– The Dutch were Protestant– Taxed for Spanish wars– 1579 – Became the Netherlands
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