the pharmacists

The pharmacists

HYPERTENSION

Umm Al-Qura University

Faculty of pharmacology department

Supervisor : Prof. Dr.Hekma Coordinator : Ph.Fatmah Bakhder

Contents: • Definition • Trade and generic names• Mechanism of action• Clinical use• Side effects• Drug interactions• Life style

Definition BP , defined as a

repeatedly elevated blood pressure exceeding 140 over 90 mmHg.

a systoic pressure above 140 or a diastolic pressure above 90

Causes of hypertension •Smoking •Obesity •Low physical activity•Salt diet •alcohol intake

Treatment of hypertension

Antihypertensive drug

:Mechanism Of

Action

Aliskirenside effects

Renin angiotensin system

AliskirenAliskiren had acceptable oral bioavailability and were clinical enough for clinical uses, but it has some of side

effects:

Cardiovascular

Cardiovascular side effects have included extremely rare cases of hypotension (0.1%) and angioedema (0.06%).

Respiratory systemIn this research (Effects of modulators of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system on cough), researcher mentioned that there is a relation between patients with uncomplicated primary hypertension with a history of ACE inhibitor-related cough

Nervous system Nervous system side effects have included headache, dizziness, fatigue, and single episodes of tonic-clonic seizures with loss of consciousness.

Gastrointestinal system Inhibit renin release leading to decrease of angiotensin II secretion , and that mean loss of higher amount of water and sodium causing diarrhea.

(THE EFFECT OF THERENIN-ANGIOTENSIN SYSTEM ON MUCOSAL WATER AND SODIUM TRANSFER IN EVERTED SACS OF RAT JEJUNUMBy ANN

D. CROCKER* AND KENNETH A. MUNDAY )

Dermatic

Due to decrease of angiotensin release , vascular 'll dilate and appear of redness & rash .

Caution

Drugs that act directly on the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone (RAA) system can cause fetal and neonatal morbidity and death when administeredduring pregnancy.

Drug Interactions

Ashwag Zahed Kofiah + Shatha Abdulbasset Abed

ACE inhibitors (Captopril)

ARBs (Valsartan)

potassium-sparing

diuretics, potassium

supplements

ACE ICaptopril VS Aliskiren

ARBsValsartan VS Aliskiren

Drugs that increase k LEVEL Spironolactone VS Aliskiren

- Hyperkalemia

-Kidney failure -Muscle paralysis-Irregular heart rhythm& cardiac arrest!

Statements that’s may increase the risk…

-Elderly -Dehydrated

-Kidney disease-Diabetes

-Advanced heart failure -Regular or long term

use of NSAIDs

Cyclosporines (Neoral)

HMG CoA Reductase Inhibitors

(Atorvastatin)

Itraconazole and

Ketoconazole

Cyclosporines Neoral VS Aliskiren

HMG CoA Reductase Inhibitors

Atorvastatin VS Aliskiren P-gp Inhibitors

Ketoconazole VS Aliskiren

• Thiazide diuretics (hydrochlorothiazide)

• Loop diuretics (Furosemide)

• Tizanidine

• High-fat meals

Thiazide Diuretics Aliskiren VS Hydreochlorothiazide

serm uric acid

Hyperurecemia

Loop DiureticsAliskiren VS

FurosamideBlood cocnc of

Furosamide

Reduce its efficacy

Additive effects in lowering BP

Muscle relaxant ..

Tizanidine VS Aliskiren

Food drug interaction High fat meals VS

Aliskiren

Absroption of Aliskiren

AUC & Cmax

Non-Pharmacologic Management of Hypertension

disease

Modification of seven life styleSODIUM REDUCTIONEXERCISEAVOID ALCOHOL CONSUMPTIONDIETARY CHANGESWEIGHT LOSSSMOKING CESSATIONMEDITATION

SODIUM REDUCTIONThe recommended sodium intake is less than 6gms per day for all patients with hypertension or prehypertension.

EXERCISEDoing of exercise for 30 minutes on most days of the week is help patients with prehypertension to reductions of 4 mm Hg in systolic blood pressure and 3 mm Hg in diastolic blood pressure.

DIETARY CHANGESBy following of DASH plane which is depend on fruits and vegetables; high in low-fat dairy products, potassium, magnesium, and calcium; and low in total saturated fats.

WEIGHT LOSSReduction of 10 lb can help reduce blood pressure or prevent hypertension

.

SMOKING CESSATION

In patients with hypertension, there is an increase in cardiovascular events in those who smoke compared with those who do not. So. decreasing smoking lead to reduce of blood pressure clearly.

MEDITATIONInclude Meditate on God's creatures in the universe, like the sun, moon, birds, sunrise and sunset, all this help patients with hypertension and any person to be quiet and closer to the God

Done by: Ashwa

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Lina aldawo

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iMorooj almoaldMarwa barnawyHadeel al-fahmiYasmeen alsahafy