the pore size distribution of naturally porous cigarette
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The Pore Size Distribution of
Naturally Porous Cigarette Papers and
its Relation to Air Permeability and Diffusion Capacity
Part 1
Delfortgroup AG, Ludwig-Lassl-Straße 15, 6112 Wattens, Austria
Québec, Canada
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Contents
2
Objectives
Procedure
Sample Sets
Results
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Porosity of paper
3
micropore
dead-end pores
interlayer
mesopore
macropore
closed pore
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Detection of porosity: indirect
4
Air permeability (Z):
air flow driven by a pressure difference
Diffusion capacity (D*):
air flow driven by a concentration difference
diffusion
capacity
[cm/s]
permeability [CU]
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Detection of porosity: direct
5
Mercury (Hg) porosimetry
Non-wetting liquid cannot enter pores spontaneously
forced into the pores by application of external pressure
required equilibrated pressure is inversely proportional to the pore
size
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Detection of porosity: direct
6
P0 P1 P2 P3< < <
V0 V1 V2 V3< < <
volume
pressure
Hg-column
porous sample
University of Innsbruck – Institute of Pharmacy; Pharmaceutical technologies; Mag. pharm. Dr. rer. nat. Michael F. Noisternig
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Assumptions
7
Pore size vs. paper porosity
small pores more effect on diffusion capacity
larger pores more effect on air permeability
Correlations between direct and indirect method?
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0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
0.01 0.1 1 10
relative Volume [mm3/g]
Pore Radius [µm]
Assumptions
8
diffusion capacity
(D*)
permeability
(Z)
D* and Z
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Equipment
9
Pascal 140
0.01 kPa – 400 kPa (low pressure - LP)
Pore radius: 300 µm - 1.9 µm
Porosimeter 2000
0.1 MPa – 200 MPa (high pressure - HP)
Pore radius: until 3.7 nm
University of Innsbruck – Institute of Pharmacy; Pharmaceutical technologies; Mag. pharm. Dr. rer. nat. Michael F. Noisternig
University of Innsbruck – Institute of Pharmacy; Pharmaceutical technologies; Mag. pharm. Dr. rer. nat. Michael F. Noisternig
2014
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Procedure
10
Defined amount of paper into dilatometer with small amount of Hg
Sealing with capillary and final sealing
Gravimetric analysis before measurement
First LP-, then HP-analysis
Transfer of data to software
Combination of LP and HP measurements to pore size distribution
curve
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Cigarette paper sample sets
11
samplepermeability
[CU]
chalk content
[gsm]
burn additive
[%]furnish
25 CU 25 7 1 wood
50 CU 50 7 1 wood
7 gsm 50 7 1 wood
10 gsm 50 10 1 wood
2% B.A 75 7 2 wood
wood 75 7 2 wood
flax 75 7 2 flax
set 1: permeability
set 2: chalk content
set 3: thermal decomposition
set 4: furnish
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0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
0.01 0.1 1 10
relative volume [mm3/g]
pore radius [µm]
SET 1: air permeability
12
sample permeability
[CU]
diffusion capacity
[cm/s]
23 1.18
48 1.58
medium small
large
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0
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0.01 0.1 1 10
relative volume [mm3/g]
pore radius [µm]
SET 2: chalk content
13
sample permeability
[CU]
diffusion capacity
[cm/s]
48 1.58
51 1.84
medium small
large
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0
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400
0.01 0.1 1 10
relative volume [mm3/g]
pore radius [µm]
SET 3: thermal decomposition
14
sample permeability
[CU]
diffusion capacity
[cm/s]
71 1.50
99 1.98
medium small
large
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0
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0.01 0.1 1 10
relative volume [mm3/g]
pore radius [µm]
SET 4: furnish
15
sample permeability
[CU]
diffusion capacity
[cm/s]
71 1.50
68 2.04
medium small
large
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Summary
16
Detection of paper porosity
indirect: air permeability, diffusion capacity
direct: Hg-porosimetry
4 sets for investigation of effect on pore size distribution
Correlation of direct and indirect method
section 1 (small): larger effect on diffusion capacity
section 2 (medium): effect on diffusion capacity and air
permeability
section 3 (large): larger effect on permeability
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Acknowledgements
17
University of Innsbruck – Institute of Pharmacy
Pharmaceutical technologies
A.Univ.-Prof. Mag. Dr. Ulrich Griesser
Mag. pharm. Dr. rer. nat. Michael F. Noisternig
THANK YOU!
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