the scientists that contributed to the developments of models to explain the history of the...

THE SCIENTISTS THAT CONTRIBUTED TO THE

DEVELOPMENTS OF MODELS TO EXPLAIN THE HISTORY OF

THE UNIVERSE.

Super Models Unit*Scientists*

Aristotle 384BC-322BC

• Greek Philosopher

• One of the 1st to propose ideason the universe and astronomy

• Thought Earth was round because of the shadow from the moon

Ptolemy (Greek) 83 - 161

Model of earth at center of universe (Earth-Centered Model)

Said the planets and sun orbited the earth

Used math to explain his modelHis model could accurately

predict position of the known planets (A good model can be used to make accurate predictions!)

Copernicus (Polish) 1473-1543

Model with sun at center of solar system

This model did a better job explaining observations. (Models should be able to help explain how things work; models are changed to include new information.)

This contradicted the beliefs of the church

Died with his work still dismissed.

Tycho Brahe 1546-1601DanishBelieved the moon and the

sun orbited the Earth BUT ALL other planets orbited the sun

Kepler 1571-1630

German MathematicianBuilt on Copernicus’ Sun-Centered

Model.Used math to show that orbits were

elliptical, not circular.

(Models change as new info is available.)

Galileo 1564-1642

Galileo Galilei, was an Italian physicist, mathematician, astronomer, and philosopher

Was certain earth was moving but couldn’t figure out why everything stayed fixed to its surface.

In 1609 – One of the first Scientist to use telescope

Took “toy” from Holland, remodeled it and used it to look at skies; this was the telescope. (Technology influences models—allows us to gather more accurate information.)

Galileo (Italian)

If moons were orbiting Jupiter, they could not be orbiting earth This shattered church’s

model of earth at center of universe!

(Change model as new info becomes available.)

First observations made in 1609 of Earth’s moon with his telescope. (sketches)

Galileo (Italian)

Published findings Threatened with death Retracted claims

• Sentenced to confinement in his own house (for 10-15 years) with no guests; continued his studies.

Newton 1642-1727

Self Taught mathematicianImproved telescope This greatly advanced astronomy

Technology influences mental and physical models.

Newton (English)

Universal Gravitation Every piece of matter in the

universe pulls every other piece of matter towards it, and vice versa.

Laws of gravity that apply on earth also apply to rest of the universe.

Gravity depends on mass and distance.

• Described path of moon around earth, then looked beyond ; “Gravity” was the explanation

Newton (English)

Newton’s crowning achievement United all work that had preceded him about

models of the solar system/universe

Edwin Hubble 1889-1953

•American

•1924-1st to prove that galaxies exist beyond the Milky way

•The universe is more than just us

Geocentric Model

Earth-Centered Model

Moon, sun, and planets orbited the Earth

Geo - Earth

Heliocentric Model

Earth and other planets orbit the sun

Helio = sun

Ptolemy Galileo

Copernicus Newton

Kepler Hubble

Highlight the following scientists