the tic project: tracking gamma rays with a...
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The TIC project: tracking gamma rays with a
calorimeter
Nicola Mori
INFN sezione di Firenze
5th HERD workshop – CERN - 12th October 2017
2
Future cosmic-ray experiments
● Requirements for the high-energy frontier:● Acceptance (multi-TeV electrons, hadrons at the knee)● Energy resolution● Collocation in space → constraints on weight and power
consumption
● Innovative designs● Homogeneous and isotropic calorimeter● HERD, CaloCube
3
The concept
● Cubic scintillating elements● Accepts particles from 5 sides→ GF*5
● CaloCube prototipe: 5x6x18 CsI cubes● Sensor: 2 photodiodes per cube● Readout: HIDRA chip (2 dinamic ranges per channel)● Tested with particle beams at SPS
● Energy resolution for e- @ 100 GeV ~ 1.5 %
4
Towards the design of a complete experiment
● Additional requirements:● Particle ID (→ silicon detectors)● Tracking (and identifcation) of gamma rays
● Multi-messenger approach● Increase of science reach
● “Conventional” gamma tracking● Pair-production telescope with alternating silicon-passive (e.g.
tungsten) layers
● γ →e+e- in tungsten
● Tracking of the pair with silicon detectors
5
Issues with charged particles
● Heavy (→ reduced mass budget for the calorimeter → reduced acceptance and en. res.)
● Thick (→ nuclei fragmentation → less precise particle ID)
● Tall (→ reduced overall acceptance)
Calorimeter
Calorim
eter
acc
epta
nce
Calo
rimet
er+
trac
ker a
ccep
tanc
e
Si
W
6
Tacking calorimeter
● Basic idea: use the calorimeter as an active converter
● Insert silicon microstrip layers between the top layers of the calorimeter● Reconstruction of the axis of the e.m. showers induced by gamma photons
● Lightweight (silicon only), low-profle tracker for charged particles● Plus other ancillary detectors (TOF, AC, ...)
Calorimeter
Calorim
eter
acc
epta
nce
Calor
imet
er+tra
cker
acc
epta
nce
7
Preliminary MC studies
Monte Carlo (FLUKA) simulations of 3 different designs (LYSO cubes)
● A: standard● B and C: thin detector (low energies)
Geometria A Geometria B Geometria C1 GeV 3.62° 2.54° 1.70°10 GeV 0.461° 0.183° 0.101°100 GeV 0.031° 0.029° 0.030°
● Angular resolution (68% PSF) for vertical photons:
Presented by S. Bottai at 4th HERD workshop in Rome on 9th February 2017
8
The Tracker-In-Calorimeter (TIC) project
● Realization and characterization of a prototype of a tracking calorimeter for gamma rays● Integrate the CaloCube prototype with spare AMS/DAMPE
silicon microstrip layers● All the components are already in-house
● Test beams with electrons (SPS, BTF) in 2018● No GeV gamma beam available worldwide● Shower axis reconstruction is identical for gammas and electrons● Precise upstream tracking (e.g. conventional silicon tracker)
● Just approved (29th September) and fnanced by INFN CSN5● Kick-of meeting soon
9
Outline of the project
● Integration of the CaloCube prototype with spare AMS/DAMPE silicon detectors
CaloCube New structure
Silicon detectors
e- beam
10
Description of the project
● Design and realization of a new support structure● With support for silicon layers
● Add thin crystals in the front part● Modular structure for quick thin/thick crystal interchange
● MC simulation and event reconstruction● Assessment of the overall performance
● Especially for inclined particles● Impact on energy resolution
● Algorithm optimization
● Beam tests● Low energy: BTF Frascati (< 700 MeV)● High energy: SPS CERN (~ 30-300 GeV)
11
Summary
● Simultaneous detection of charged particles and gamma rays poses serious design difculties
● HERD scientifc objectives require high performance for both particle species
● The design of TIC aims at being a sweet spot and will be studied with MC and beam tests during next year● The project is already approved and fnanced by INFN
● A successful investigation might lead to a viable option for the optimization of HERD
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