the transition of dairy farming in vietnam - cirad providing employment in rural areas without...
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The transition of dairy farming in Vietnam
from semi-subsistence to commercial systems
Jean-Daniel Cesaro, Guillaume Duteurtre& Nathalie Hostiou
Sector policy transition : evolutions of models
1990 2000 2010 2020
Cooperativeagriculture
State Farm
National Dairy DevelopmentStrategy
Family farming
Industrialisation of dairy sector
Entreprise, mega ferme
Ba Vi State Farm(1960)
Family farms(2000s)
Farm TH Milk (2015)
Tenure contract
1986
Vietnam National Dairy PolicyToward Greater Food Self-Sufficiency
0
0,2
0,4
0,6
0,8
1
1,2
1,4
1,6
1,8
1961 1971 1981 1991 2001 2011
Tons
Mill
ions
Milk production & import since 1961
VN PRODUCTION VN IMPORT
2001 : 10 %2013 : 32%VN Dairy Self-Sufficiency 2001 : 0,1 MT
2013 : 0,5 MTVN Dairy National production
1994End US trade embargo of Vietnam
1986Starting Doi Moi
2007WTO membership
2000Bilat. Trade Ag.Vietnam - USA
1975End of Vietnam War
Price one liter of fresh milkat supermarket in Vietnam & USA
1996 1999 2002 2005 2008 2011 20140
0,2
0,4
0,6
0,8
1
1,2
1,4
1,6
Prix de vente Vietnam (USD)
Prix de vente Etats-Unis (USD)
Era of protectedmarket economyState Fixed price
Era of competitionmarket economySemi free-price
2007 : WTO
2008 : China Melamine crisis
Political adjustement & Sustainability of production systems
How are the policy strategies for import reduction and sectoral development translated into sustainable development issues?
Can small, medium and large farms respond to all the issues of sustainable development?
Is there a good dairy production model in Vietnam capable of being productive, competitive, providing employment in rural areas without risking damage to the environment?
What can we learn from the example of Vietnam in terms of the coexistence of production models?
0
50000
100000
150000
200000
250000
300000
2001 2011 Est 2015
[1000 & +]
[300-1000]
[100-300]
[30-100]
[10-30]
[2-10]
[1-2]
Restructuration of dairy herd : the reality behind ideology
AgricultureCensus
Hypoteticalprojection
Ba Vi dairy territory : a symbiosis of actors
Local authorities
Farmers
Landscape
Land Urban sprawlResearch center
Small dairies
Large company
Factory
Development of the dairy value chain in Bavi : diffusion outside the farm
Consumers Consumers Consumers
Ba Vi State FarmIndus-
trial farm
Integrated marketing syst. Gvt collection systemPrivat.
coll.center
Gvt collection system
Privat.coll.
center
Privat.coll.
center
Privat.coll.
center
Privat.coll.
center
Indiv. farm
Indiv. farm
Indiv. farm
Indiv. farm
Indirect sales
Milk barsMilk bars
Dairy factories
IDP dairy factory
Official« Ba Vi » TM
IDP
State Economy Market after Đổi Mới Recent Industrialization1990 2005
Distri-bution
Concen-traton
Source : Pham Duy Khanh et al., 2016
Location of dairy holdingssurveyed by types in Bavi (2014) :
specialization inside the State farm
JD Cesro
- 1,0 2,0 3,0 4,0 5,0 6,0 7,0 8,0 9,0
10,0Raw margin per worker
Nomber of economicactivities
Quantity of fertilizerbought per ha
Work-time per farm
type 1type 2type 3type 4type 5
Source : Pham Duy Kanh et al., 2016
Milk Farms typology and performances in Bavi(2014)
TH Farm : clusters & cow barns
6 km Cluster 1 : 5000 cows
Cluster 3,4,5 : 10000 cows
Cluster 2 : 2500 cows
Cluster 6 : 2500 cows
Quarantine zone
Head quarter : 1500 cows
Financial agriculture High level stackeholders
Local authorities
Public State farm
Private dairy farm
Exotic genetic
Full integration brand
Internation cooperationChina - Russia
Industrial feed
Concentrated dairy production is always linkwith state land tenure management
Historical trajectory
Colonial concession
Dairy State farm
Dairy family holdings
Mega farm
State farm
Medium farms
No dairy30 locations 10 locations
More than 100 locations
VN Political decision
Limited land for mega-farms,what’s next phase of development ?
• Mega Farm development not sure and not enough secure for financial investment
• Coexistance and holdings diffusion around mega-farms ? How TH milk can provide technical assistance to small holders ?
• Private cooperatives development to support small and medium scale holdings
• Reparcelling land tenure, complexe issue supported by new policies 2016
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