the tutoring cycle from ross macdonald’s the master tutor: a guidebook for more effective tutoring
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The Tutoring Cycle
from Ross MacDonald’s The Master Tutor: A Guidebook for More Effective Tutoring
Providing Academic Support, Promoting Independent Learning
Make future plans and bidclient farewell
The Tutoring Cycle
Step I: Beginning Step II: Middle Step III: Conclusion
1.Greeting and Climate Setting2.Identification of Task3.Breaking the Task into Parts4.Identifying Thought Processes that
Underlie the Task
5.Setting an Agenda for the Session6.Addressing the Task7.Client Summary of Content8.Client Summary of Underlying
Process
9.Confirmation10.What Next?11.Arranging and Planning the
Next Session12.Closing and Goodbye
Greet client and determinepurpose of visit
Set agenda, tutor, andcheck for understanding
Providing Academic Support, Promoting Independent Learning
Step 5: Setting an Agenda for the Session Purpose: Accomplish the task efficiently in
the time available Methods:
Give client a hand in shaping agenda (e.g., “Well, we have 25 minutes; how shall we use them?”)
Be explicit about how long to spend on what Be flexible if you need less or more time on a
particular item
Step I:Beginning
Step II:Middle
Step III:Conclusion
5. Setting an Agenda for the Session
6. Addressing the Task
7. Client Summary of Content
8. Client Summary of Underlying Process
Providing Academic Support, Promoting Independent Learning
Step 6: Addressing the Task
Purpose: Conduct the business of tutoring
Methods:Ask questionsActively listenHelp client find information in course
materials (rather than from you)Explain occasionally to keep tutorial
moving along
Step I:Beginning
Step II:Middle
Step III:Conclusion
5. Setting an Agenda for the Session
6. Addressing the Task
7. Client Summary of Content
8. Client Summary of Underlying Process
Providing Academic Support, Promoting Independent Learning
Step 7: Client Summary of Content Purpose: Determine results—what/how
much of the content client understands Methods:
Look/listen for “the light bulb effect” (e.g., “Oh, I get it now!”)
Ask client to explain what he/she now understands from the tutorial
Evaluate accuracy of client’s summary Review areas of misunderstanding or
“shallow” understanding• Prompt him/her• Redirect him/her to course materials
Step I:Beginning
Step II:Middle
Step III:Conclusion
5. Setting an Agenda for the Session
6. Addressing the Task
7. Client Summary of Content
8. Client Summary of Underlying Process
Providing Academic Support, Promoting Independent Learning
Step 8: Client Summary of Underlying Process Purpose: Determine results—what/how
much of the process client understands Methods:
Ask client to explain the process (e.g., “If a friend asked you how to write this paper, what would you say?” or “How will you prewrite for a similar paper in the future?”)
Evaluate accuracy of client’s summary Review areas of misunderstanding or
“shallow” understanding• Prompt him/her• Redirect him/her to course materials
Step I:Beginning
Step II:Middle
Step III:Conclusion
5. Setting an Agenda for the Session
6. Addressing the Task
7. Client Summary of Content
8. Client Summary of Underlying Process
Providing Academic Support, Promoting Independent Learning
Steps 5-8: Summary
Why is “Do you understand?” not a good way to determine what/how much the client now understands?
How much time should you spend silently reading during Step 6?
Why is Step 8 (Client Summary of Underlying Process) so important? [Consider the message in the footer of each slide.]
Step I:Beginning
Step II:Middle
Step III:Conclusion
5. Setting an Agenda for the Session
6. Addressing the Task
7. Client Summary of Content
8. Client Summary of Underlying Process
Providing Academic Support, Promoting Independent Learning
Steps 5-8: Summary
How do these steps rely upon your having done Steps 1-4 well?
1. Greeting and Climate Setting
2. Identification of Task
3. Breaking the Task into Parts
4. Identifying Thought Processes that Underlie the Task
Keep in mind how these steps (5-8) set you up for success with the next steps in the tutoring cycle . . .
Step I:Beginning
Step II:Middle
Step III:Conclusion
5. Setting an Agenda for the Session
6. Addressing the Task
7. Client Summary of Content
8. Client Summary of Underlying Process
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