the unification of italy
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Let’s Review Let’s Review Nationalism>>>Nationalism>>> Nationalism = feeling of belonging Nationalism = feeling of belonging
and loyalty to a nation.and loyalty to a nation.
Nationalism was a powerful force that Nationalism was a powerful force that could:could:
Create a nation from separate Create a nation from separate countriescountries
Break a country up into many Break a country up into many nations.nations.
Let’s Review Let’s Review Nationalism>>>Nationalism>>> Nationalism can be a cause of Nationalism can be a cause of war (ex. WWI and WWII)war (ex. WWI and WWII)
Nationalism can take many Nationalism can take many different forms.different forms.
The Italian States Unite, 1859-The Italian States Unite, 1859-18701870
Barriers to Italian Barriers to Italian NationalismNationalism
After Congress of Vienna, Italy was After Congress of Vienna, Italy was made up of 9 different states:made up of 9 different states:
Piedmont-Sardinia Piedmont-Sardinia (the largest)(the largest)
Venetia and Venetia and LombardyLombardyThe Papal StatesThe Papal States
Other states ruled by Other states ruled by foreign monarchsforeign monarchs
Barriers to Italian NationalismBarriers to Italian Nationalism Geography - mountains split Italy Geography - mountains split Italy
E/W; the Po river split N/SE/W; the Po river split N/S
Barriers to Italian Barriers to Italian NationalismNationalism IlliteracyIlliteracy The PopeThe Pope Lack of consensus (agreement) in Lack of consensus (agreement) in
ItalyItaly Lack of European supportLack of European support
Factors That Led to Italian Factors That Led to Italian UnificationUnification
GeographyGeography•Italy is isolatedItaly is isolated•Alps to the NorthAlps to the North•Surrounded by Surrounded by oceans.oceans.
•Isolation lets Isolation lets Italy develop its Italy develop its own culture.own culture.
Factors That Led to Italian Factors That Led to Italian UnificationUnification HistoryHistory
• Italians are proud of their heritageItalians are proud of their heritage• Napoleon’s conquest of Italian statesNapoleon’s conquest of Italian states
Efforts of 3 Men: Mazzini, Garibaldi, Efforts of 3 Men: Mazzini, Garibaldi, CavourCavour
Giuseppe Mazzini-“Prophet of Giuseppe Mazzini-“Prophet of Italian Unification”Italian Unification” A member of A member of
the the CarbonariCarbonari..
Formed Formed Young Young ItalyItaly
Tried Tried revolution but revolution but failedfailed..
Count Camillo di Cavour, Count Camillo di Cavour, “Architect of Italian Unification”“Architect of Italian Unification”
““Architect” Architect” (planner) of (planner) of Piedmont-Piedmont-Sardinia’s revolt Sardinia’s revolt against Austria.against Austria.
Encouraged other Encouraged other Italian states to Italian states to revolt.revolt.
Giuseppe Garibaldi, Giuseppe Garibaldi, “The Sword of Italian “The Sword of Italian Unification”Unification”
Invaded Sicily, Invaded Sicily, urged them to urged them to join Piedmont-join Piedmont-Sardinia under Sardinia under Victor Victor Emmanuel.Emmanuel.
““Red Shirts”Red Shirts” Gave all Gave all
conquered lands conquered lands to Victor to Victor Emmanuel.Emmanuel.
How Italy was UnitedHow Italy was United1861: Victor Emmanuel 1861: Victor Emmanuel II crowned King of ItalyII crowned King of Italy
1866: Austro-Prussian 1866: Austro-Prussian War- Venetia addedWar- Venetia added
1870-71: Franco-1870-71: Franco-Prussian War- Rome Prussian War- Rome addedadded
Problems Faced by a United Problems Faced by a United ItalyItaly North v. SouthNorth v. South
Italy v. Roman Catholic Italy v. Roman Catholic
ChurchChurch Unhappy with Gov’t Unhappy with Gov’t
StructureStructure No universal suffrageNo universal suffrage
Italy lacked industrialItaly lacked industrial development, development, agriculture, agriculture, and natural resources. and natural resources.
Flash Forward….to WWII and Fascism
How Did Nationalism: Unite people into nation-states?
Topple empires composed of many ethnic minorities?
Contribute to the outbreak of wars in the 1800s?
Balkans: Region in SE Europe. Had Croats, Albanians, Serbs, Greeks, and Bulgarians. The “Powder Keg” of Europe
Austria: Central Europe Empire . Ruled by Hapsburgs. Torn apart by Nationalism.
Prussia: Became Germany we know today. Bismarck was prime minister.
Franco-Prussian War: War between France and Prussia. Prussia (Germany) won. Helped unify Germany.
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