the us becomes an empire 21. catching the spirit of empire l domestic concerns dominated the post-...
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Catching the Spirit of Empire
Domestic concerns dominated the post-Civil War years
1870s bring new interest in areas beyond U.S. boundaries
Internationalism began to replace nationalism
Reasons for Expansion
Expansion abroad sought to gain markets
Evolutionary ideas encourage expansion to give guidance to native peoples elsewhere
Foreign Policy Approaches: 1867-1900
Expansionist foreign policy Acquisitions: Alaska, Midway Islands Erode European influence in Latin
America– diverts Latin American trade from Europe
through a series of treaties
The New Navy Overseas markets are essential for
industrial surpluses Large merchant marine, strong navy
needed A program of naval construction is
initiated U.S. gains offensive capability at sea
On the road to war with the super power of the time- Spain. It resulted in …
The war increased overseas possessions
U.S. recognition as a “world power”
Americans became convinced they had a special destiny (again?)
A War for Principle February, 1895--rebellion in Cuba "Yellow Journalism" whips up U.S.
sentiment to favor Cuban independence February, 1898--explosion of the
“Maine” April 19--Congress declares Cuba
independent April 25--U.S. declares war on Spain
"A Splendid Little War"
U.S. regular army small, ill-prepared Problems of equipment and supply
– regulars possess latest Krag-Jorgensen rifles
– Guard units possess old Springfield rifles
The Course of the War
May 1--Commodore George Dewey captures Manila Bay
June--Cuba invaded July--Santiago surrenders, Puerto Rico
occupied August 13--Philippines surrender
Acquisition of Empire
December 1898--Treaty of Paris– Cuba independent– U.S. takes Puerto Rico, Guam, Philippines
The Treaty of Paris Debate
Debate over annexation of the Philippines
Opponents formed the Anti-Imperialist League (see next slides)
February, 1899--ratification of peace treaty makes U.S. a colonizing nation
Anti-Imperialist LeagueOn June 15, 1898, the Anti-imperialist league formed to fight U.S. annexation of the Philippines, citing a variety of reasons ranging from the economic to the legal to the racial to the moral. It included among its members such notables as Andrew Carnegie and Mark Twain. Following the signing of the Treaty of Paris, the league began to decline and eventually disappeared.
Governing the Empire Supreme Court permits selective application of
Constitution to new territories Hawaii, Alaska, Puerto Rico organized as
territories, inhabitants made U.S. citizens Navy controls Guam Cuban constitution ends U.S. occupation Platt Amendment--U.S. given right to intervene
in Cuban affairs and Guantanamo to use as a naval base.
Outcome of the War with Spain
Teddy Roosevelt a war hero Set back the cause of civil rights for
African Americans Confirms Republicans as majority party U.S. soldiers stationed outside the
country
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