the water cycle · • what did i learn? online quiz answer key extensions resources • project...
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GRADE LEVEL• 3-6
SUBJECT AREAS• EarthScience,Physical
Science,LifeScience
SKILLS• Organize,Analyze,Interpret,
Apply,Evaluate,Technology
VOCABULARYAbsorption,condensationconsumption,excretion,evaporation,deposition,flow,freezing,gravity,hydrogen,liquid,melting,molecule,oxygen,percolation,precipitation,respiration,solarenergy,solid,state,sublimation,transpiration,vapor
CONTENTSMeasurable Objectives
Background and Text Overview
Vocabulary
Activities
• TheWaterCycleActivityandAnswerKey
Take Action!
• PosterItems
• Activities
Assessments
• Pretest/PosttestandAnswerKey
• CriticalThinkingQuestions
• WhatDidILearn?OnlineQuizAnswerKey
Extensions
Resources
• ProjectWETResources
• AdditionalStudentResources
• AdditionalEducatorResources
MEASURABLE OBJECTIVESThelearnerwill:
• RecognizesolarenergyasthemaindriverforthemovementofwateronEarth.
• Describethemovementofwaterwithinthewatercycle.
• Identifythethreestatesofwaterandhowwatertransitionsbetweenthem.
BACKGROUND AND TEXT OVERVIEW
INTRODUCTIONTheWaterCycleistheendlessmovementofwateraroundtheplanet.Earth’snaturalsystemsareconstantlymovingandusingwater.Asaliquid,gasorsolid,poweredbythesunandtheforceofgravity,watertravelsover,underandabovethesur-faceoftheEarthinanincrediblejourneycalledthewatercycle.
OLD WATERDidyouknowtheworldhasthesameamountofwatertodayaswhentheEarthformedlongago?AccordingtoGeologists,Earthwasformedabout4.5billionyearsago.Volcanicerup-tionsreleasedvariousgasesandcreatedaprimitiveatmo-sphere—watervaporwasoneofthesegases.AstheearthcooledthevaporcondensedintoliquidandwaterraineddownontotheEarth’ssurfacecreatingtheoceanandseas.Nosignificantamountsofnewwaterhaveformedsincelongago,andthewaterformedthenhasnotdisappeared.TheEarth’sexistingwatermovesaroundtheplanetthroughacomplexwatercycle.Thewatercycleistheendlessmovementofwateraroundtheplanet.Waterchangesfromliquid,tosolidandvaporformasitmovesfromplacetoplaceontheEarth’ssurface,intheatmo-sphereandunderground.
The Water CycleWhere does water come from, and where does it go?
1 DiscoverWater.org©2011ProjectWETFoundation
WHAT DRIVES THE WATER CYCLE?Thesunprovidestheheaten-ergynecessarytocausewateronearthtochangestatesandmovethroughthewatercycle.Astem-peraturesincreaseicemeltsandliquidwaterevaporates.Whentemperaturesdecreasewatervaporcondensestoliquidformandliquidwaterfreezestosolid.
AnotherreasonwatermovesalongtheEarth’ssurfaceisgrav-ity.Waterflowsdownhill,fromhighertolowerelevationsduetotheforceofgravity.Gravitycausesriverstoflowandwatertoseepintotheground.Earth’snaturalsystemsareconstantlymovingandusingwater.Asaliquid,gasorsolid,poweredbythesunandtheforceofgravity,watertravelsover,underand
H2OWaterismadeofmillionsoftinymolecules—justlikeacookieappearstobeonesolidpiece,butwhencrumbled,itismadeupofmanytinypieces.Eachwatermolecule(smallestunitofwater)containstwohydrogen(H) atomsandoneatomofoxy-gen.Thesemoleculesconstantlymove.Heatmakesthemoleculesmovefasterandcoldmakesthemoleculesmoveslower.Themotionofmoleculesdeter-minesthestateofwater.Inthevaporstate,themoleculeshavealargeamountofheatenergy,moverapidlyandarespreadapart.Themoleculesinliquidwatermovemoreslowlyandareclosertogether.Asasolid(ice),themoleculescontaintheleastamountofenergy,sotheymoveveryslowly.
abovethesurfaceoftheEarthinanincrediblejourneycalledthewatercycle.
STATES OF WATERWaterexistsinthreeformsattheEarth’ssurface:liquid,solidandvapor.Liquidisthestateofwaterwithwhichwearemostfamil-iar.Thisistheformofwaterwedrink,andinwhichweswimandbathe.Watervaporisthegas-eousstateofwater.Watervaporisallaroundus,eventhoughwecan’tseeitmostofthetime.Waterinsolidformiscalledice.Waterchangesfromonestatetoanotherwhenheatenergyisaddedorlost.
Weallliveunderwater—justnotnecessarilyunderliquidwater.Thereiswatervaporintheairsurroundingusallthetime.
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STATES OF WATER
Watervaporcanturndirectlyintoasolid.Thisprocessiscalleddeposition.
Liquidwaterfreezesintoasolidwhencooled(liketheiceinyourfreezer).
Solidwatermeltsintoliquidformastemperaturesrise.
Whenwatervaporiscooled,itcondenses
intodropletsofliquid.
Liquidwaterevaporatesintoavaporwhenheated(thinkofthesteamyairinyourbathroomwhenyou
takeashower).
Solid watercanchangedirectly
intowater vapor.This
processiscalledsublimation.
DiscoverWater.org©2011ProjectWETFoundation
3
ACTIVITIESTHE WATER CYCLE ACTIVITYPleaseseeThe Water Cyclestu-dentcopypage.
ANSWER KEYPleaseseestudent/teachercopypage.
TAKE ACTION! POSTER ITEMS1.Iwillwashthefamily’scarongrasssosoapdoesn’tenterthestormdrain.
2.Iwilloffertowatermyfam-ily’splantsorpetsforamonth.
ACTIVITIES• Hostawaterfestivalinyour
communityandaskstudentstohelpteachThe Incredible Journeytofestivalattendees.
• Visitthelocalwaterauthoritytofindoutmoreaboutwaterinthecommunity.Wheredoesmunicipalwatercomefrom?(Groundwater,wells,etc.)Whatarethelocalissuesasso-ciatedwiththewatersupply?Howwouldtheissuesaffectthewatercycle?
• Createaphoto-documentaryofthelocalwatershedthatrepresentseachaspectofthewatercycletoprintinthelocalnewspaperorpostonlinetoablogorvideosite.
ASSESSMENTSPRETEST/POSTTESTBeforestudentsvisitTheWaterCycleUnitoftheDiscover Water website,havethemtakethefollowingquiztoseewhattheyalreadyknowabouthowwatermovesaroundourplanet.Havestudentstakethesamequizagainasaposttesttomeasurelearning.
PleaseseeThe Water Cycle Pre-test/Postteststudentcopypage.
PRETEST/POSTTEST ANSWER KEY1. True
2. True
3. True
4. True
5. False
6. Thesun
7. True
CRITICAL THINKING QUESTIONSLEVEL 1Howdoeswatermove?
Depending on grade level and ex-pectations, answers could include discussion of flow, soaking in, percolation, consumption, excre-tion, transpiration, evaporation, precipitation and possibly deposi-tion and sublimation.
LEVEL 2Wheredoeswatercomefrom,andwheredoesitgo?
Answers should discuss the idea that all water on earth is recycled endlessly from place to place and state to state through the water cycle.
LEVEL 3Howdoesthesun,whichisover92millionmilesaway,drivethewatercycleonEarth?
Answers should include discussion of how solar energy heats water on Earth, causing it to change states from liquid to vapor.
WHAT DID I LEARN? ONLINE QUIZ ANSWER KEY
Q.Waterisneverusedup,butcyclesaroundtheplanet
continuously.
A. True
Q. Waterexistsinwhichofthefollowingstates:
A.Liquid,solidandvapor
Q.Whenwatermovesfromliquidforminalaketovaporformintheair,it:
A. Evaporates
Q. Thebiggestforcedrivingthewatercycleissolarenergyfromthesun.
A.True
Q.Gravitycauseswatertoflowovertheearth’ssurfaceandintotheground.
A.True
EXTENSIONS Ideasforwaystosupportandexpandlessonplansaboutthistopicorprovideadditionalac-tivitiesforadvancedlearners.
• Visitalocalwaterfeature(pond,lake,creek,beach—evenpuddle)andhavestu-dentswriteastoryaboutawaterdropletinthatlocation,discussinghowitgotthereandwhereitmightgonext.
• Havestudentsplacetheirowndishofwaterinsideoroutsideinthesunanddiscussorwriteaboutwhereitgoeswhenitevaporates.
• Useagroundwatermodeltodemonstratehowthewatercyclecontinuesunderground.
RESOURCESPROJECT WET RESOURCES
ProjectWETKIDS(KidsinDiscoverySeries)Booklets
DiscoverWater.org©2011ProjectWETFoundation
Hrennikoff,Margo.2006.“Imple-mentinganImaginativeUnit:WondersoftheWaterCycle.”Educational Perspectives,39(2),27-33.
McDuffie,Thomas.2007.“Pre-cipitationMatters.”Science and Children,44(9),38-42.
Robertson,WilliamC.2005.Air, Water, and Weather: Stop Faking It! Finally Understanding Science So You Can Teach It.Arlington,VA:NationalScienceTeacherAs-sociation.
Shepardson,DanielP.,BryanWee,MichellePriddy,LaurenSchellenberger,andJohnHarbor.2009.“WaterTransformationandStorageintheMountainsandattheCoast:MidwestStudents’Dis-connectedConceptionsoftheHydrologicCycle.”International Journal of Science Education,31(11),1447-1471.
Toft,JoanneandKathyScoggin.2007.“TheRippleEffect.”Science and Children,45(3),21-23.
Vowell,JulieandMariannePhillips.2007.“ADropthroughTime.”Science and Children,44(9),30-34.
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• Discover Ground Water and Springs
• Discover the Hudson River
• Discover the Waters of Nevada
• The Water Story
• Water, Every Drop Counts
ProjectWETActivities
• Adventures in Density
• Blue Planet
• Blue River
• Get the Ground Water Picture
• Just Passing Through
• Snow and Tell
• pringing Into Action
• Storm Water
• The Incredible Journey
• The Thunderstorm
• Urban Waters
• Your Hydrologic Bank Account
ADDITIONAL STUDENT RESOURCES
Cassino,Mark,andJonNelson.2009.The Story of Snow.SanFrancisco,CA:ChronicleBooks.
Hooper,Meredith.2008.A Drop in My Drink: A Story of Water on Our Planet.London,UK:FrancisLincolnChildren’sBooks.
Locker,Thomas.2002.Water Dance.SanDiego,CA:VoyagerBooks/Harcourt.
Rice,WilliamB.2010.Inside the Water Cycle.Minneapolis,MN:CompassPointBooks.
Waldman,Neil.2003.The Snow-flake: A Water Cycle Story.Minne-apolis,MN:MillbrookPress.
ADDITIONAL EDUCATOR RESOURCES
DiscoverWater.org©2011ProjectWETFoundation
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THE WATER CYCLE ACTIVITY Usethewordsbelowtocompletethecrosswordpuzzle.
ACROSS
1.Theprocessbywhichliquidwatermovesupwardsthroughaplantandevaporatesaswatervaporfromitsleaves.
5.Themovementofliquidwaterfromhighertolowerelevationduetogravity.
6.Theprocessbywhichwaterleavesananimalthroughwasteremoval.
8.Theprocessbywhichliquidwaterchangestowatervapor.
10.Theprocessbywhichwatervaporisexhaledandinhaledananimalbreathes.
11.Theprocessbywhichwatervaporchangestoliquidwater.
12.Theprocessbywhichsolidwater(ice)changesdirectlytowatervapor.
13.Theprocessbywhichliquidwateristakenupbytherootsofaplant.
DOWN
2. Themovementofliquidwaterthroughporespacesunderground.
3.Theprocessbywhichsolidwater(ice)changestoliquidwater.
4.Theprocessbywhichwatervaporchangesdirectlytosolidwater(ice).
5.Theprocessbywhichliquidwaterchangestosolidwater(ice).
7.Theprocessbywhichwaterentersananimalthrougheatinganddrinking.
9.WaterfallingasrainorsnowfromtheatmospheretoEarth.
EvaporationCondensationPrecipitation
MeltingFreezing
SublimationDepositionPercolation
FlowAbsorption
TranspirationRespiration
ConsumptionExcretion
StudentCopyPage
DiscoverWater.org©2011ProjectWETFoundation
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THE WATER CYCLE ACTIVITY (Answer Key)Usethewordsbelowtocompletethecrosswordpuzzle.
EvaporationCondensationPrecipitation
MeltingFreezing
SublimationDepositionPercolation
FlowAbsorption
TranspirationRespiration
ConsumptionExcretion
DiscoverWater.org©2011ProjectWETFoundation
AnswerKey
ACROSS
1.Theprocessbywhichliquidwatermovesupwardsthroughaplantandevaporatesaswatervaporfromitsleaves.
5.Themovementofliquidwaterfromhighertolowerelevationduetogravity.
6.Theprocessbywhichwaterleavesananimalthroughwasteremoval.
8.Theprocessbywhichliquidwaterchangestowatervapor.
10.Theprocessbywhichwatervaporisexhaledandinhaledananimalbreathes.
11.Theprocessbywhichwatervaporchangestoliquidwater.
12.Theprocessbywhichsolidwater(ice)changesdirectlytowatervapor.
13.Theprocessbywhichliquidwateristakenupbytherootsofaplant.
DOWN
2. Themovementofliquidwaterthroughporespacesunderground.
3.Theprocessbywhichsolidwater(ice)changestoliquidwater.
4.Theprocessbywhichwatervaporchangesdirectlytosolidwater(ice).
5.Theprocessbywhichliquidwaterchangestosolidwater(ice).
7.Theprocessbywhichwaterentersananimalthrougheatinganddrinking.
9.WaterfallingasrainorsnowfromtheatmospheretoEarth.
The Water Cycle Unit Pretest/Posttest1. Trueorfalse,nosignificantamountsofnewwaterhaveformedonearthformillionsofyears.
2. Trueorfalse,waterisconstantlymovingfromplacetoplacearoundtheplanet.
3. Trueorfalse,eachwatermoleculeismadeupoftwoHydrogenatomsandoneOxygenatom.
4. Trueorfalse,moleculesinwatervapormovefast.
5. Trueorfalse,moleculesinsolidwater(ice)movefast.
6. Themainsourceofenergydrivingthewatercycleis
a. Themoon
b. Gravity
c. Thesun
d. Wind
7. Trueorfalse,watercanchangedirectlyfromitssolidstatetovapor.
Score:___/7
StudentCopyPage
7 DiscoverWater.org©2011ProjectWETFoundation
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