theme 3: managing priority pest & diseases of rtb crops

Theme 3Managing Priority Pest & Diseases of RTB Crops

James Legg & Theme 3 Team

RTB Annual Planning Meeting

September 29-October 3, 2014

Research Highlights

Overview

James Legg

Collaboration leads to progress in seed degeneration

Greg Forbes

A region-wide response to emerging pests in SE Asian cassava

Kris Wyckhuys

Banana bunchy-top disease: piloting containment and field recovery approaches through learning alliance in sub-Saharan Africa

Lava Kumar

SPECIAL SEMINAR: The status of Foc TR4 in Mozambique and proposed activities to prevent its spread in Africa. Wed 20.30

Altus Viljoen – Stellenbosch University

BANANA

Banana Xanthomonas Wilt (BXW)

Management through ‘Single Stem Removal’

Farm 1

Farm 2

Based on a detailedunderstanding of theepidemiology

1. Remove all stems2. Rogue infected

stems re-growing3. Apply basic crop

hygiene practices

Fusarium oxysporum fsp cubense Tropical Race4 (FocTR4):Timeline of Rapid Response in Africa

02/13: First symptoms observed

06/13: Fungus identified as FocTR4

08/13: Recommendations to farm

09/13: Mozambique NPPO visit

10/13: Stakeholder meeting: Maputo

11/13: IPPC portal notified

11/13: Press release on outbreak

12/13: RTB funds for Mozambique

01/14: Research proposal developed

02/14: AC4TR4 formed (African

Consortium to combat Foc TR4)

A Brand New Threat to Africa’s Bananas

Stakeholder Action Plans – TR4

High diversity of bacteria and fungi found in ex situ collection of banana wild relatives

fungi

bacteria

% Foc control Growth enhancement

Over 500 isolates

High diversity of bacteria and fungi found in ex situ collection of banana wild relatives

fungi

bacteria

% Foc control Growth enhancement

Over 500 isolates

http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/next/nature/more-food-with-microbes/

CASSAVA

J. Legg - IITA

Cassava Mosaic Virus Disease (CMD)

CMD – Lake Zone, Tanzania

Major Cassava Pest & Diseases

Cassava Brown Streak Disease (CBSD)

Whitefly Vector (Bemisia tabaci)

Cassava Green Mite and Damage

Cassava Green Mite Distribution Databases

M. tanajoa M. mcgregori M. caribbeanae M. planki

Cassava Green Mite Risk Maps

M. t

anaj

oaM

. mcg

rego

ri

Westwards Spread of EACMV-UG

EACMV-UG associated with severe CMDPandemic: > $ 1 billion annual loss

CMD resistance mapping using NGS

0

10

20

30

40

50

-Log

10(P

)

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 Linkage group

a

0 30 60 90 120 1500

10

20

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40

50

IITA TMS 011412

Moving average (IITA TMS 011412)

Position (cM)

-Log

10(P

)

b

a. Genome-wide scan for linkage between CMD resistance and 6756 SNPs across 18 cassava linkage groups. b. A detailed view of the of linkage group 16

Rabbi et al. Virus Research 2014. DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2013.12.028

Phytosanitation to Control CBSD

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CBSD

Incid

ence

(%)

10 PRGfarmers

10 SRGfarmers

CBSD Clean Seed Systems Community Action

POTATO

Development of sustainable pest management strategies for low and high input cropping systems e.g. for the Andean region based on three new IPM technologies

Agro-ecology and IPM for potatoes

Plastic barriers to control Andean potato weevil

(organic farmers)

Attract-and-kill to control potato tuber moths

(private sector)

Talco-Btk to control potato tuber moths in store(farmer associations)

Kroschel et al. (2009): Crop Protection 28: 466-476. Kroschel et al. (2012): Springer. UK, 419-450. Kroschel & Zegarra (2013): Pest Management Science 69: 1205-1215.

Temperature-dependent phenology modeling and GIS-based pest risk assessments on global, regional and local scales under current and future climates using the Insect life cycle model (ILCYM) software

Pest Risk Assessment

Data for more than 20 pests of RTBs, vegetables, maize and fruit crops are included in a Pest Risk Atlas in collaboration with IITA and ICIPE.

2000 2050ERI change2000 to 2050

Andean region

Currenttemperature +1 ◦C

Mantaro valley, Peru

(Kroschel et al., J. Agric. Forest Meterol., 2013, Sporleder et al. (2013): CABI Book publication, 412-427.

Establishment Risk Index (ERI) for the potato tuber moth (PTM) >0.6 = success)

(www.cipotato.org/ilcym).

SWEET POTATO

The pan African sweet potato virome

SPVZ, SPVG, SPV2

SPCSV-WA

SPCSV-EA

SPCSV-EA/MZ

SPCSV-SASPMMV

Developing sensitive & robustvirus diagnostics

Small RNA sequencing and assembly: towards universal viral diagnostics and sequencing

Tube-arrays for sensitive detection of all viruses/pathogens of a crop at once (laboratory required)

Field detection method with high sensitivity and ease of use -> LAMP

YAM

Yam Biotic Constraints

Nematodes Beetles Scales Mealy bugs Termites Fungi & bacteria

Virus infection

•Different species and strains associated with disease conditions in West Africa

•Pest risk assessment to identify major pests & disease risks to yam in the project target areas

Yam Virus Surveillance - 2013

Nigeria Ghana

Development of Low cost On-farm Robust Diagnostic Toolkits for Yam Viruses

A complementary project funded by BMGF

Simple on-site test for yam virus diagnostics• LAMP (Loop-mediated isothermal amplification)• RPA (Recombinase polymerase amplification)

Simple on-site test for yam virus diagnostics •Distinguishing integrated and episomal badnavirus infections

BMGF Complementary grant to NRI and IITA

Loop mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP)

Towards NextGen Diagnostic Tools for on-site Testing

GCP-21 Meeting in La Reunion – May 10-14, 2014

Agropolis/CIRAD/RTB

Establishment of a pan-African Surveillance Cassava Network – PASCAN; Establishment of an International Cassava Transit site in La Reunion; Development of a Cassava Diagnostic Network in Africa - CDNA Development of a comprehensive educational and training plan for PASCAN and CDNA

Looking Forward

• Internal linkages. Under RTB 2.0 structure: strengthen linkages between themes (esp. with 2 and 4) to develop stronger more robust pest/disease control

• External partnerships. Expand these to enhance coverage and impact

• ‘Global threat’ pests and diseases. Identify and prioritize action to address these

Acknowledgements

Fen Beed

Rachid Hanna

Jan Kreuze

Soroush Parsa

Jürgen Kroschel

Kris Wyckhuys

Miguel Dita

Ismail Rabbi

Lava Kumar

Charles Staver

Eldad Karamura

Greg Forbes

Claude Fauquet

Altus Viljoen

Kiddo Mtunda

Donors & Partners