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Theme : Space Exploration Strategies
SpaceOps 2013 Workshop
Analog Field Activities
Prepared by :
Ivano Musso
Ilenya Salvoni
13th June 2013
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ALTEC–PB–0021 Issue 1 13th June 2013 - Page 2
Summary Slide
- Introduction
- Analog Fields Campaign Concepts
- Example 1: The ESA CAFE Study
- Example 2: IRSPS and ALTEC Collaboration
- Example 3: Biomedicine on ISS
- Conclusions
- ALTEC Contacts
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Challenge of extensive and long duration planetary surface exploration requires
usage of complex science tools including analysis and interpretation of their
output data.
Compared to operations conducted so far (i.e. ISS, robotics and satellite
missions) it implies :
extensive training of non-expert operators
conduct complex science activities
take real-time autonomous decisions based on their results.
Targets/operators of such training are:
astronauts
ground Controllers
autonomous systems based on Artificial Intelligence
Introduction
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Test and training can be developed thought scientific research in analog
environments in order to :
gather requirements and develop the technologies necessary to ensure
an efficient, effective and sustainable future for human space exploration.
validate test robotics, vehicles, architecture concepts, communication
systems, in-situ resource utilization, human performance
gain a deeper understanding of system-wide technical and operational
challenges.
Introduction (2)
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ALTEC–PB–0021 Issue 1 13th June 2013 - Page 5
The major considerations needed for a successful concept study and a
follow-on field activity are the following:
Clear science objectives
Environmental conditions to allow expected scenarios to occur
Technologies to facilitate the activities of the operators
Protocol and procedures development
Data collection to ensure post-analysis
Verification that requirements of the scientific community are met
Maximize the return to the public
Introduction (3)
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Why?
Analogs operations are conducted to validate technologies and
human performances in the field of space exploration.
Compared to the ISS operations, the astronauts shall be trained to
use proper instruments, collect samples and analyze results without
real-time supports from ground.
How? Operators will be asked to perform science operations and take
decisions without having a science background and real-time
external support.
Operations & training on Analogs
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ALTEC–PB–0021 Issue 1 13th June 2013 - Page 7
Where?
Analogs fields shall be chosen in order to:
reproduce specific conditions and characteristics
better emulate the conditions met during planetary missions
taking into account the psychological constrains (e.g. segregation, distance).
Operations & training on Analogs (2)
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ALTEC–PB–0021 Issue 1 13th June 2013 - Page 8
On the basis of ALTEC participation in research studies, three examples
have been considered:
ESA/The Open University CAFE Study: Train astronaut to conduct
geological and biological science activities on the surface of another
planet
IRSPS and ALTEC collaboration: Train on-board autonomous
systems and Ground Operators to execute autonomous robotic
missions to Mars
ISS Medicine: train astronauts to verify and analyze their medical
status during long space missions
Case Study
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ALTEC–PB–0021 Issue 1 13th June 2013 - Page 9
Example 1: ESA CAFE Study - Introduction
“Concepts for Activities in the Field for Exploration" (CAFE) is funded by
ESA’s General Studies Programme (GSP)
under ESA Contract number 4000104716/11/NL/AF
The project is coordinated by:
The Planetary and Space Sciences Research Institute,
The Open University, UK
The team is composed by:
Magna Parva Ltd
For the study of scientific tools and technologies
ALTEC S.p.A.
For the logistical aspects, astronaut communications and transportations.
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ALTEC–PB–0021 Issue 1 13th June 2013 - Page 10
The main objectives of the CAFE study is :
“to prepare human space exploration related scientific field activities by
preparing a complete catalogue of relevant analogue environments and
providing scenarios and concepts for field campaigns in two high priority
analogues”
The aim of the study has been to prepare a catalogue of terrestrial analogue
environments studying scenarios, concepts and technologies for analog tests.
Team members:
ESA: Oliver Angerer Oliver.Angerer@esa.int
OU: Louisa Preston Louisa.Preston@open.ac.uk
Simeon Barber Simeon.Barber@open.ac.uk
Magnaparva: Andrew Dixon andrew.dixon@magnaparva.com
Miles Ashcroft miles.ashcroft@magnaparva.com
ESA CAFE Study – Introduction (2)
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ALTEC–PB–0021 Issue 1 13th June 2013 - Page 11
The ALTEC’s role in the CAFE study has been:
provide an overview of the possible missions scenarios
study part of the technologies expected to be used during planetary
surface operations
select available tools can be used during analogue field activities.
Operations scenario
Main elements of a generic planetary manned mission are:
Basecamp: life support, repository and laboratory
Remote sensing satellite: panoramic terrain images, localization
Data relay system & satellite: local and ground communication links,
localization
Aerial platforms: accurate terrain images
Pressurized/unpressurized rovers: life support, samples catching,
transportation
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ALTEC–PB–0021 Issue 1 13th June 2013 - Page 12
Example of Operations scenario
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ALTEC–PB–0021 Issue 1 13th June 2013 - Page 13
Many wearable and on-board advanced technologies can be applied to
future astronaut space suites and rovers during manned missions, such as:
Localization: IMUs, wearable cameras, stereo cameras, radio-
localization
HMI: force feedback systems, head-up-display, speech recognition
Computing & Visualization: wearable PCs, RFID, touch-screens
Mission operations
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ALTEC–PB–0021 Issue 1 13th June 2013 - Page 14
Sites Selection & Field Campaign Concept Many candidate sites have been investigated in terms of:
Location and legal considerations for conducting field campaigns
Weather/Climate characteristics and geological context
Physical and geochemical characteristics
Astrobiological characteristics
Accessibility, existing infrastructures, logistic, cost and scheduling
considerations
An Expert Meeting has been organized to collect inputs from science
community. It has been a vital step in providing important terrestrial analogue
sites information and high priority lunar and martian targets for exploration.
Logistics aspects have been considered in order to ranke the candidates from a
scientific point of view, feasibility and costs aspects.
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Provides analogue sites for Mars such as polygons; perennial spring
mineral deposits; salt deposits; valleys; areas for extremophile
studies.
Particular areas include: periglacial landforms; ground ice; perennial
mineral springs; volcanic geology; ice-covered lakes; fjord
sedimentation; hydrology; life in ice and permafrost.
The main goal of this campaign is to assess the habitability of the
area surrounding the McGill Arctic Research Station (M.A.R.S.), and
characterize any biological materials present, as analogues for similar
areas on Mars.
Concept A : Axel Heiberg Island
Field Campaign Concept
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ALTEC–PB–0021 Issue 1 13th June 2013 - Page 16
Concept B : Teide National Park
Provides a good analogue for both Mars and the Moon. Volcanoes and
volcanic processes can be studied such as vents; lava flows; lava tubes
and caves; channels and valleys; basaltic rift system and ridges.
The red, oxidized, basaltic from Tenerife has optical properties that
resemble the established Mars simulant JSC-1.
The main goal of this campaign is to understand the volcanic geology of
the area and practice analyzing volcanic products using tools and
equipment that could be used on the Moon.
Specifically, this site is to be used to study lunar-like soils to aid in the
understanding of their formation.
Field Campaign Concept (2)
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ALTEC–PB–0021 Issue 1 13th June 2013 - Page 17
Scientific tools and technologies
Supporting technologies have been selected for investigation within the
CAFE study:
Man-Portable Drilling Equipment
Man-Portable Ground-Penetrating Radar (GPR)
Robotic Assistant
Field-Operable Multiple Discipline Analysis
High-Mobility Environmental Suit
Sample Storage and Curation Processes
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ALTEC–PB–0021 Issue 1 13th June 2013 - Page 18
Local users emulates members of the Mars expedition located in the outpost
fields or orbiting spacecraft.
Local and Remote radio-links are a mixed wireless/wired network able to
connect the field with remote control centres.
The intention is to reproduce the operative conditions also in terms of
segregation.
Internet
VSAT
Hub
VSAT
terminal
Field team 1 Field team 2
Field basecamp
Remote Control Centre
Wireless
lowrange
PRN
Logistics Campaign Communication Scenario
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ALTEC–PB–0021 Issue 1 13th June 2013 - Page 19
The input data necessary to perform the desired operations or
emulate operative conditions can be:
High accurate maps and satellite data
Localization devices (e.g. GPS, radio beacons)
Availability of mobility systems
Portable or wearable computers
Site Characterization
Logistics Campaign (2)
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ALTEC–PB–0021 Issue 1 13th June 2013 - Page 20
Example 2: Robotic tests ALTEC - IRSPS collaboration
The collaboration aims to the validation of selected advanced planetary robotic
systems and science operational procedures in an unique Earth Analog environment.
The work took advantages from important past research projects and program.
The collaboration has been proposed to the Italian Space Agency and the EU Seventh
Framework Programme.
The International Research School in Planetary Science
(IRSPS) is responsible for the definition of scientific and
operational requirements. In addition IRSPS can prepare the
areas for field trials and take care of logistics.
ALTEC is responsible for the preparation and operations of the
Mission Control Centre as well as of the rover robotic systems.
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Objectives
Collect output of research and development activities concerning
focused innovative technologies for planetary robotics;
Validate them in an integrated and representative environment;
Perform one of the first complete closed loop tests campaign in Europe
which includes science analysis and planning for operative validation of
next missions scenarios;
Validate the science operational procedures to be performed at the
Mission Control Centre of a science robotic mission
Collect and provide to the science community a Ground Truth
simulator/data-base for off-line technology tests and training.
Implement and provide a reusable and strategic test framework for
future European studies.
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ALTEC–PB–0021 Issue 1 13th June 2013 - Page 22
“It's indeed very useful to conduct field simulations where you go out to an
analog site and conduct a simulation of flight operations. This was done
extensively prior to both MER and MSL, and its primary value was in science
team training. You can run simulations in indoor or outdoor "Mars yard"
settings, but these don't really train a science team to do the kind of things
you're talking about. There's no substitute for going somewhere that has real
scientific problems to be solved. A lot of the team proficiency you're talking
about was first developed in these field simulations.” Steve Squyres
Field test value
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ALTEC–PB–0021 Issue 1 13th June 2013 - Page 23
Outdoor Sites Selection – Morocco
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Moroccan desert exhibits large scale scenarios with broad field of view and relief
that mimic the Martian landscape.
The circular hills and flat wind-dominated deflation surfaces provide large areas of
barren and pristine desert.
These sites have been investigated scientific target are recognized and analyzed
whereas technical challenges and surface properties are identified and
characterized.
This know-how allow a careful planning of the operations and successful
validations of scientific and technical skills.
Outdoor Sites Selection – Morocco (2)
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ALTEC–PB–0021 Issue 1 13th June 2013 - Page 25
The Moroccan desert and mountainous regions are complete test beds for
rover test.
They consist of pristine rocky and/or sandy surfaces (rock fields, dry rivers
and alluvial fans, dune fields of varying morphology and dimension) devoid
of vegetation and man-made structures.
The lack of vegetation permits effective testing of instrumentation for
geological analysis both on the ground than on outcrops.
Outdoor Sites Selection – Morocco (3)
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ALTEC–PB–0021 Issue 1 13th June 2013 - Page 26
Dry hot areas display very low values of humidity at the surface and in the
subsurface and make such areas good analogues to Mars. Albedo, color and
large amount of dust of such areas as well better approximate Martian surface.
About the Martian test sites, we look for strict and compelling analogies.
Surface morphologies, rock abundance, and color will be matched as
accurately as possible. The selection is based on the comparison of the single
element of the landscape and of the physical environment to closely match the
Martian geology.
Logistic is easy with good accommodation, power and internet connections.
Outdoor Sites Selection – Morocco (4)
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ALTEC–PB–0021 Issue 1 13th June 2013 - Page 27
a) The so-called “Kess-Kess” are large
carbonate mounds dating the Lower
Devonian age, characterized by sever
slopes, here rover autonomous mobility
and traffic ability could be tested.
b) Areas where rock-fields and sand sheets
alternate (such as observed in Terra
Meridian, Mars). Notice the macrofossils
visible in the rocks.
c) Erg Chebby shows a large variety of
geomorphological features and sediments
granulometry, and then several site
condition could be tested for rover traffic
ability.
Outdoor Sites Selection – Morocco (5) examples
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ALTEC–PB–0021 Issue 1 13th June 2013 - Page 28
Indoor tests permits: first validation of on-board
software, interfaces and communication, train
the engineering and science team in preparation
of the outdoor tests.
ALTEC facility is a 20 x 20 meters planetary
terrain demonstrator.
The facility allows the reproduction of several
test cases involving two or more rovers.
It exploits panoramic mobile camera to emulate
real-time imaging and a laser total station to
build the DEM.
The facility is going to be expanded with the
integration of a virtual reality control room.
Indoor Test Facility
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ALTEC–PB–0021 Issue 1 13th June 2013 - Page 29
Operations
First important assumption is the distinction between the two crews who will
operate the test: the operational crew and the field crew.
The operational crew will control the rovers operations in blind mode:
they do not know where the rover operates and they operates from the
remote MCC connected, via satellite link, with the test field.
they will have only satellite and/or aerial images to operate them.
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Operations (2) The field crew will control the rover operations in the field :
taking care of the rover safety and assessing the field hazard
analyze the rover capabilities, its traffic ability and the quality of the
performance.
identify the discrepancies or agreements of the operational crew
planning with the real execution of the operations also in terms of science
data analysis.
IRSPS is building a permanent facility with workshop, hardware, control room, ecc.
The Field Facility will be the center of the activities however, field camps can be
organized to create ground stations closer to the operated hardware.
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ALTEC–PB–0021 Issue 1 13th June 2013 - Page 31
Detailed activities Three kinds of independent validation tests are planned:
Engineering tests to:
Validate technologies in a real environment for at least 10 days
Involve the remote MCC and the locale science teams
Perform verification using external measurement systems
Scientific tests to :
Validate science procedures in a real environment and for at least 10 days
Involve the remote MCC and the engineering team
Compare results of the MCC science assessments and the “real” data taken
from the field
Joint Tests :
Science and engineering local and remote teams together for at least 7 days
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Example 3: Biomedicine on ISS
ALTEC is deeply involved in the field of the medical and biotechnologies
researches.
The main activities are:
Coordinate and prepare the space mission needed for the validation on the
ISS
Support the identification of opportunities and requirements for orbital testing
Perform feasibility studies and assumptions for the accommodation of existing
systems.
Perform subsequent phases of design, development, integration and testing,
into the mission.
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ALTEC is member of NASA Human Health and Performance Center (NHHPC)
The objectives of the NHHPC are mainly:
To promote initiatives in support of research projects on the human
physiology and their implications in terms of innovative products in the
biomedical field;
To facilitate international projects for studies of human health in scenarios of
human planetary exploration;
The ALTEC's commitment in the Medicine and Biotechnology Space areas has
been confirmed by the participation to the call promoted by ASI for experiments
in many different fields.
Biomedicine on ISS (2)
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ALTEC–PB–0021 Issue 1 13th June 2013 - Page 34
The purpose of one of this experiment is to analyze the astronaut stress and
appetite during the permanence on-board the ISS.
This will allow the direct analysis of the samples inside the ISS, rather than the
collection and storage of samples which were then analyzed after their return
to Earth.
This will provide an analytical device, “space qualified”, with the following
characteristics:
• always available on the ISS for further experimentation and easily used by
crew members on-board the ISS;
• absolutely not invasive in order to analyze the levy of oral fluid and to
control the overall health status in real time.
• Not need the ground specialist to perform the test and neither to analyze
the result.
The main goal of the project will be to allow the astrout to perform biomedical test
on your own and, if needed, perform the resolution action, without the ground
support.
Biomedicine on ISS (3)
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ALTEC–PB–0021 Issue 1 13th June 2013 - Page 35
Conclusion - 1
Future exploration missions will require the usage of complex science
tools and the real-time interpretation of their output data by non-expert
operators
Engineers need to work in strong collaboration with the scientists to
define mission goals and procedures aligned with the science goals
Scientists normally are not used to follow procedural and operative
approach, like in the space missions hence continuous interactions are
necessary to proper document their concern, needs and suggestions
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Conclusion - 2
For a clear road-map, the international experience gained through the
ISS program must be considered, in terms of processes, utilized
procedures and training
Tests on analog environments (e.g. terrestrial sites or ISS based) are
fundamental to achieve an effective collaboration, since the laboratory
or the simulator are not enough to reproduce representative space
operation conditions
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ALTEC–PB–0021 Issue 1 13th June 2013 - Page 37
ALTEC Contacts
Ilenya Salvoni
ALTEC Engineering Operations
ilenya.salvoni@altecspace.it
+39 011.7430.431
Ivano Musso
ALTEC Engineering Operations Manager
ivano.musso@altecspace.it
+39 011.7430.081
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