theories and definitions of intelligence
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Theories and Definitions
of Intelligence
Anne Jeanette M. Quilatan
III-10 BS Psychology
• Alfred Binet, French Psychologist (1857-1911)
- Modern approach to understand the concept of
intelligence began with his work together with
his colleague, Theodore Simon.
1. The Binet-Simon Scale (1890’s)
Why did they make it?
• A push for compulsory education
• To identify students with special education
• To measure the intellectual development of young children ages 3-12
• To measure the ability of children to think and reason
• The term IQ or Intelligence Quotient evolved.
2. Spearman’s Two-Factor Theory of
Intelligence
Charles Spearman, a British Psychologist (1834-1945)
Advanced the “Two Factor Theory
of Intelligence “g” and “s”.
intelligence comprises both a single, pervasive reasoning ability, a general factor, that is used on a wide variety of tasks and a number of narrow
abilities, specific factors, involved in executing particular tasks.
3. Terman’s Stanford Binet Individual
Intelligence Test (1906)
Lewis Madison Terman,
American Cognitive Psychologist
-Published a revised Binet-Simon
Scale for American population in
1906 at Stanford University
The Stanford-Binet is designed to measure skills in four areas: verbal reasoning, abstract/visual reasoning, quantitative reasoning, and short-term memory.
4. Thorndike’s Stimulus Response Theory
• Edward Lee Thorndike, an American Psychologist and
his students used objective measurements of intelligence
on human subjects, 1903.
• Developed a multi factored test of intelligence:
completion, arithmetic, vocabulary, and directions test.
(CAVD)
• He drew an important distinction among three broad classes of intellectual
functioning: Abstract Intelligence, Mechanical intelligence, and Social Intelligence.
Abstract Intelligence has four dimensions:
Altitude
Width
Area
Speed
Thorndike's Law of Exercise
• Trial and error and Stimulus Response Association
“ Stimulus-response connections that are repeated are strengthened, and Stimulus -
response connections that are not used are weakened”
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