theories of democratic teaching
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Theories of Democratic
Teaching(Rudolf Dreikurs)
Definition & Description
Rudolf Dreikurs’ ideas in classroom discipline
All students have inborn
need for belonging
Learning occurs best
in democratic classroom
Students unable to
satisfy the
needs
Mistaken goal can
help them satisfy
the needs
Seek attention,
seek power, seek
revenge, withdraw from class
activity
Turn to thinkthat
Lead students to
To solve this problem, Dreikurs suggest Democratic teaching.
Definition ofO Democratic teaching
O A theory which allows students to take part in the teaching and learning activities along with the teacher.
Key concepts of Dreikurs Theory
O Identify and address mistaken goals of misbehaviour.
O Act as democratic rather than autocratic or permissive.
O Use logical consequences rather than punishment.
O Understand the difference between praise and encouragement.
Democratic teachersODemocratic teachers are neither
permissive nor autocratic. ODemocratic teachers provide firm
guidance and leadership by establishing rules and consequences.
OFor democratic teachers, freedom comes from discipline. O To the extent that students understand that
consequences follow behaviour, they are then free to choose behaviour that will attain their legitimate needs.
Democratic ClassroomsODemocratic classrooms are where the
curriculum actively engages students in collaborative inquiry
OExample:O decision making is shared between
students and staff O students choose their daily activities
ODemocratic classrooms help students become active citizens and preparing them for participation in a democratic society.
Source: RMC Corporation, Denver, CO, May 2004
OIn democratic classroom; OStudents and teachers work together
to make students’ learning a contribution to their community
OStudents demonstrate their learning in public settings and receive public feedback
OStudents have choice, both as individuals and as groups, within the parameters provided by the teacher
OStudents actively work with problems, ideas, materials, and people.
The approaches
The strategies
ApproachesO Teachers withdrawing as an authority figure
O teachers can redirect students’ ambitions for power by having them participate in making decisions or giving directions.
O According to Dreikurs, logical consequences referred to “reasonable results that follow behaviour either desirable or non-desirable.” O typically require students to make right of
what they have done wrong
For example,
OIf students do not complete their work during class, they are required to do it for homework. In a democratic classroom, the students would know in advance the consequences of their misbehaviour because as part of the classroom they helped formulate the consequences.
One of the example of Democratic Teaching approach that can be
used in the classroom is
Class meetings
Class meetings
Oopportunities for students to engage in open talk and debate
Otime for the entire class community to come together
Odiscuss topics that didn't have to connect directly to what we were studying in other parts of our curriculum.
Otalk about a wide variety of topics and issues
OSome meetings were about current events, others focused on news from our lives
OSome meetings emphasized problem solving, and many were on topics my students raised.
OStudents can voice out opinions
OOther students can agree or disagree with the opinions
StrategiesOProvide lessons with social
interest in mind.OProvide a teaching environment
that supports students’ sense of belonging.
OCome up with a set of classroom rules as a group.
OSupport responsibility through freedom of choices in lesson plans.
OEncourage students rather than praise them.
OProvide students with logical consequences to “mistaken goals” to support responsibility and avoid punishment.
Dreikurs's claims that the following 8 conditions foster a democratic classroom:
1. The establishment of order.
2. The setting of limits.
3. The use of firmness and kindness: Firmness from teachers shows that they
respect themselves. Kindness shows their respect for others.
4. Involving student when establishing and maintaining rules.
5. Leadership from the teacher.
6. Inviting cooperation and eliminating destructive competition.
7. Promoting a sense of belonging within a group.
8. Encouraging an atmosphere of freedom to explore, discover, and choose acceptable behaviour through understanding the responsibilities and consequences associated with it.
Strengths & Weaknesses
Strengths ODemocratic classrooms and teaching
styles.O Gives opportunity for the students to
participate in the teaching and learning process.
O The power is not restricted for teacher only (authoritative).
OMutual respect motivates students to behave constructively. O This occurs out of their heightened sense
of social interest.
OPraise supports completion. OEncouragement supports the process.
OLogical consequences produce better results than punishment.
OPromotes respect and communication among teacher and students.
OAllows students to take responsibilities for their own actions to help establish class rules.
OCompliments good teaching by providing a caring classroom community using student centered techniques.
Weaknesses
OMight be difficult for teachers to identify and understand students reasons for misbehaving.
OTeachers may not be able to respond properly and to provide logical consequences for all misbehaviour.
OSome deep emotional problems that lead to serious feeling of inadequacy or to elaborate plan for revenge might require professional counseling skills.
OTeachers who are inherently autocratic or permissive might have difficulty adopting democratic perspectives.
Practicality
Practicality of Democratic Teaching in a Malaysian primary ESL classroom.
OSuitable to be used in dealing with problematic students.
OUses different approach.OGives students opportunity to
correct their misbehaviour.
There is always a reason behind most difficult behaviour
Students with difficult behaviour should be treated
with dignity, respect and compassion
~In conclusion, Dreikurs' greatest contribution lies,
not in how to suppress undesired behaviour in the
short term but in how to build in students an inner sense of responsibility and respect for themselves and
others.~
References O 29/01/2013 Teacher Matters 2013.
http://www.teachermatters.com/classroom-discipline/models-of-discipline/the-dreikers-model.html
O RMC Corporation, Denver, CO, May 2004
O 30/01/2013 New World Encyclopedia http://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Rudolf_Dreikurs
O 30/01/2013 Prezi.com http://prezi.com/94y-r1dc3p1d/exploring-the-theories-of-democratic-teaching-rudolph-dreikurs/
O 02/02/2013 http://ulyarosyita.blogspot.com/2011/03/what-is-difference-between-strategy.html
By
Nurul Ain Binti RahmanAhmad Muhaymin Bin Ishak
Ahmad Syafiq Bin Harazi
THANK YOU
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