thermodynamics of process · 2017. 10. 10. · •process liquid, steam or refrigerant evaporation...
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Thermodynamics of ProcessUrvish Soni
Zeroth law of thermodynamics:
• If two systems are both in thermal equilibrium with a third systems then they are in thermal equilibrium with each other.
Thermometer
First law of thermodynamics:
•Energy can be neither created nor destroyed. However, energy can change forms, and energy can flow from one place to another
Examples:
• Power wind
• Generator
• Solar plate
Second law of Thermodynamics
•Entropy of a system increases with increase in temperature of system
Example
• When we give heat to ice cube is convert to liquid phase from solid body this is example of second law of thermodynamics.
Heat Transfer!
Definition : Heat transfer !
•Heat Transfer:• Transfer of heat from one heat source to another substance is known
as heat transfer
Classification
Heat Transfer
Exothermic Endothermic
Exothermic
Exothermic
Exothermic
•An exothermic reaction is a chemical reaction that releases energy by light or heat.
•reactants → products + energy.
Examples
•Combustion (burning)
•Many oxidation reactions, for example rusting
•Neutralisation reactions between acids and alkalis
Endothermic
•These are reactions that take in energy from the surroundings.
Endothermic reactions : Example
• Electrolysis
• The reaction between ethanoic acid and sodium carbonate
• The thermal decomposition of calcium carbonate in a blast furnace
Heat ExchangersUrvish Soni
Definition and Types of Heat Exchangers
• Definition : A heat exchanger is a piece of equipment built for efficient heat transfer between two medium (hot to cold.)
Types
• Shell and tube type heat exchanger
• Plate type heat exchanger
• Plate and Shell type heat exchanger
• Plate fin type heat exchanger
• Fluid type heat exchanger
• Direct contact heat exchanger
• Spiral heat exchanger
• `
Shell and Tube!
Construction
Working of Shell and Tube
Application of HX !
• Process liquid or gas cooling
• Process or refrigerant vapor or steam condensing
• Process liquid, steam or refrigerant evaporation
• Process heat removal and preheating of feed water
• Thermal energy conservation efforts, heat recovery
• Compressor, turbine and engine cooling, oil and jacket water
• Hydraulic and lube oil cooling
• Many other industrial applications
Instrumentation in HXs
Refrigeration System
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