timepix4 high-time-resolution pixel detector
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Timepix4 high-time-resolution pixel detector
Matter and Technology Annual Meeting – February 2021
David Pennicard, Jonathan Correa, Sergei Fridman, Sabine Lange, Sergej Smoljanin, Vahagn Vardanyan,
Heinz Graafsma – DESY
Xavier Llopart, Rafael Ballabriga, Michael Campbell - CERN
David Pennicard | Timepix4 high-time-resolution pixel detector | Matter and Technology annual meeting, Feb 2021 | Page 2
Introduction
> Timepix4 ASIC
> Readout system development
> Applications
David Pennicard | Timepix4 high-time-resolution pixel detector | Matter and Technology annual meeting, Feb 2021 | Page 3
Timepix4
> Developed by CERN for Medipix4 collaboration
▪ Some components from Nikhef and IFAE
▪ 15 member institutes
▪ Fabricated April 2020
> ASIC basic features:
▪ 65 nm TSMC process
▪ 55 µm pixels (like previous Timepix & Medipix)
▪ 512 x 448 pixels
▪ Data output – 16 transceivers at up to 10 Gbit/s
David Pennicard | Timepix4 high-time-resolution pixel detector | Matter and Technology annual meeting, Feb 2021 | Page 4
Timestamping mode with event-by-event readout
> Time of arrival with 200 ps time binning (1.6 ns in Timepix3)
> Time over threshold with ~ 1 keV resolution
> Hit rate bandwidth 350 million hits/s/cm2 (8 times higher than Timepix3)
V out
Threshold
TimeTime of Arrival
Time over Threshold ~ energy
Data packetsDetector
Pixel (1,1)
Energy ~15 keV
Time 525 ns
Pixel (3,3)
Energy ~10 keV
Time 765 ns
David Pennicard | Timepix4 high-time-resolution pixel detector | Matter and Technology annual meeting, Feb 2021 | Page 5
Hit counting mode with frame readout
> Count rate capability – 2 million counts/pix/s at 10% pileup (10 times higher than Medipix3)
> 80 kHz frame rate (20 times higher than Medipix3)
V out
Threshold
Time
1 2 3
2
1
1
1
0
0 0
0 0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0 0
0
0 00
00 0
2
1
1
1
0
0 0
0 0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0 0
0
0 00
00 0
2
1
1
1
0
0 0
0 0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0 0
0
0 00
00 0
2
1
1
1
0
0 0
0 0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0 0
0
0 00
00 0
2
1
1
1
0
0 0
0 0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0 0
0
0 00
00 0
2
1
1
1
0
0 0
0 0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0 0
0
0 00
00 0
2
1
1
1
0
0 0
0 0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0 0
0
0 00
00 0
Detector Data frames
David Pennicard | Timepix4 high-time-resolution pixel detector | Matter and Technology annual meeting, Feb 2021 | Page 6
Timing system
> 40 MHz global time – 16 bits
▪ Delay locked loops for consistent timing across matrix
David Pennicard | Timepix4 high-time-resolution pixel detector | Matter and Technology annual meeting, Feb 2021 | Page 7
Timing system
> 40 MHz global time – 16 bits
▪ Delay locked loops for consistent timing across matrix
> 640 MHz voltage controlled oscillator in „super pixel“ – 5 bits
▪ Only active when triggered by hit
David Pennicard | Timepix4 high-time-resolution pixel detector | Matter and Technology annual meeting, Feb 2021 | Page 8
Timing system
> 40 MHz global time – 16 bits
▪ Delay locked loops for consistent timing across matrix
> 640 MHz voltage controlled oscillator in „super pixel“ – 5 bits
▪ Only active when triggered by hit
> 200 ps binning with 8-step delay line in pixel
David Pennicard | Timepix4 high-time-resolution pixel detector | Matter and Technology annual meeting, Feb 2021 | Page 9
4-side buttable design with Through Silicon Vias
24.7 mm (448 pixels)
28.2
2 m
m (5
12
pix
els
)
29.9
6 m
m (5
12
pix
els
)
David Pennicard | Timepix4 high-time-resolution pixel detector | Matter and Technology annual meeting, Feb 2021 | Page 10
Test results from CERN
> Tested with Si sensor and Nikhef readout
> Most functionality works well, time resolution meets
specs (~ 150 ps RMS)
Time of arrival test
(alpha particles)
David Pennicard | Timepix4 high-time-resolution pixel detector | Matter and Technology annual meeting, Feb 2021 | Page 11
Test results from CERN – pixel noise
Timepix4v0 Timepix4v1(changed metal layer)
0 0200
200
Most ~51 e Most ~58 e
David Pennicard | Timepix4 high-time-resolution pixel detector | Matter and Technology annual meeting, Feb 2021 | Page 12
Test results from CERN – VCO behaviour
> Voltage controlled oscillator frequencies wrong
▪ High-speed readout testable, but not practically usable
▪ Solution found using MPW run
> Timepix4v2 to be submitted soon
MPW chip test board
David Pennicard | Timepix4 high-time-resolution pixel detector | Matter and Technology annual meeting, Feb 2021 | Page 13
DESY single chip system design
> Goals:
▪ Get Timepix4 in experiments
quickly
▪ Build experience with Timepix4
and high speed readout
> System:
▪ Single chip Timepix4 chipboard
▪ Xilinx evaluation board
▪ „Firefly“ optical link daughterboard
for data transmission to PCChipboard
Evaluation
board
Optical
links out
Timepix4
David Pennicard | Timepix4 high-time-resolution pixel detector | Matter and Technology annual meeting, Feb 2021 | Page 14
Timepix4 single-chip board
> Designed to read chip at full speed
▪ 16 signal lines at 10 Gbit/s each!
> Suitable for prototyping and early
applications
▪ Chip close to top edge to allow
2-chip tiled system
▪ Flat form factor for testbeam
▪ Space for vacuum barrier, to
allow use in electron microscope
> Design can be modified for TSV
testing
TimePix4
Optional
vacuum
barrier
High voltage
FMC+
connector
Input power and
trigger signals
David Pennicard | Timepix4 high-time-resolution pixel detector | Matter and Technology annual meeting, Feb 2021 | Page 15
Xilinx evaluation board
> Xilinx Zynq UltraScale+ ZU19-EG2 system on chip
▪ Combines FPGA programmable logic with 4-core processor
▪ Connects to Firefly optical transceiver board (Up to 3 x 100 GBE on one fiber)
▪ Suitable for future custom board:
• Sufficient high-speed transceivers to read 2-3 chips fully parallel
• Used widely in MT
David Pennicard | Timepix4 high-time-resolution pixel detector | Matter and Technology annual meeting, Feb 2021 | Page 16
Developing large systems with tileable modules
> Multi-chip detector heads with TSVs
▪ Medipix3 TSV project with Fraunhofer IZM (Berlin)
> Compact readout board design
▪ Experience from DTS-100G board useful
> Multi-module mechanics
▪ Experience with AGIPD 4M
> Optimised sensors for different applications
▪ E.g. high-Z, advanced Si sensors
> Tbit bandwidth DAQ system
▪ Looking into which platform to use
▪ Hiring postdocs to work on this topic
LAMBDA
(Medipix3)
2M
AGIPD 8-module block
David Pennicard | Timepix4 high-time-resolution pixel detector | Matter and Technology annual meeting, Feb 2021 | Page 17
Current Timepix & Timepix3 use at DESY
CFEL CMI group – ion
detection in lab and at FLASH
Nanolab – Time-resolved X-ray
diffraction with tube source Particle physics / Uni Hamburg –
Sensor and testbeam R&D
Particle physics – Time projection
chamber R&D (Timepix1)PETRA – new applications
of Timepix4
David Pennicard | Timepix4 high-time-resolution pixel detector | Matter and Technology annual meeting, Feb 2021 | Page 18
Pump-probe mass spectroscopy – Controlled Molecule Imaging (Küpper)
Electric field
Excite chemical
change
Detector
Time of flight (m/q ratio)
Fragment with
laser
David Pennicard | Timepix4 high-time-resolution pixel detector | Matter and Technology annual meeting, Feb 2021 | Page 19
Pump-probe mass spectroscopy – Controlled Molecule Imaging (Küpper)
David Pennicard | Timepix4 high-time-resolution pixel detector | Matter and Technology annual meeting, Feb 2021 | Page 20
Using both readout modes at one synchrotron beamline
> Diffraction with coherent X-rays produces speckle pattern
▪ Encodes positions of atoms
I. Zaluzhnyy et al, Materials 12(21), 3464, 2019.
doi: 10.3390/ma12213464
David Pennicard | Timepix4 high-time-resolution pixel detector | Matter and Technology annual meeting, Feb 2021 | Page 21
Using both readout modes at one synchrotron beamline
> Large static sample (e.g. nanostructured materials):
▪ Hit counting mode
▪ Take images while moving sample
▪ Determine nanoscale structure across large sample
I. Zaluzhnyy et al, Materials 12(21), 3464, 2019.
doi: 10.3390/ma12213464
Raster scan
sample
David Pennicard | Timepix4 high-time-resolution pixel detector | Matter and Technology annual meeting, Feb 2021 | Page 22
Using both readout modes at one synchrotron beamline
> Dynamic sample (e.g. proteins in solution):
▪ Timestamping mode
▪ Speckle pattern fluctuates over time
▪ Deduce dynamics from correlations in signal
• Single bunch (10 ns) time resolution possible!
I. Zaluzhnyy et al, Materials 12(21), 3464, 2019.
doi: 10.3390/ma12213464
Autocorrelated signal
t (ms)
David Pennicard | Timepix4 high-time-resolution pixel detector | Matter and Technology annual meeting, Feb 2021 | Page 23
Conclusions
> Timepix4 ASIC tested by CERN
▪ Most features work well, some bugs to be fixed in resubmission
> Single-chip readout system close to being tested
▪ Chips wire bonded yesterday
> Broad range of applications in detecting ions, X-rays, particles…
> Thanks for listening!
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