tliii: tropical legumes i – improving tropical legume productivity for marginal environments –...
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Tropical Legumes I:
Improving Tropical Legume Productivity for
Marginal Environments
in Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia
• Characterise diversity and develop germplasm for genetic studies
• Generate genomic resources for genetic studies and breeding
• Identify molecular markers and genes for biotic stress resistance
• Identify molecular markers and genes for drought tolerance
• Enhance locally adapted germplasm with target traits
• Orthologous genetic markers for cross-genome analysis
• Comparative analysis of the Arachis-species complex.
• Estimating genome divergence at orthologous loci
TLI Phase I: Objective and Activities
Focus: 4 crops – beans, chickpeas, cowpeas & groundnuts,
and for each….
Objectives of TLI Phase II
Validation of molecular markers and testing of molecular
breeding approaches in drought-prone environments for traits
important to sub-Saharan African farmers
Precision phenotyping to guarantee accurate marker–trait
associations, and to refine selection indices used by breeders
Data integration of all data-producing research activities in TLI,
Phases I and II, to ensure availability of high-quality, curated
and publicly available data
Enhancing breeding capacity for programme partners in Africa
Combined endeavor with building capacity for drought tolerance
breeding through the detailed study of cross-legume
phenotyping and on data management by cataloguing all
data generated in the project
TLI–PHASE II: IMPORTANT
OUTPUTS
TLI–Phase II: important outputs
Genomic resources
Genetic stocks: reference sets, synthetics, MARS, MAGIC,
MABC, AB-QTL & CSSL populations
Markers for traits and QTLs
Improved germplasm
Methodologies and screening protocols
Trained scientists
DB and DM strategy in place
Improved infrastructure
Genomic resources
All 4 crops:
Development of SNP and SSR markers
Diverse genetic maps from bi-parental and consensus
maps
Mapped QTLs for biotic and abiotic traits and candidate
genes associated
Physical maps
Sequencing of their genome
Genetic stocks: Trait pyramiding
MARS (Marker assisted recurrent selection)
Bean:
1 population of ~200 lines
Phenotyping in 2 countries (Colombia and Ethiopia)
Cowpea:
4 ongoing populations (~300 lines)
IITA, Burkina Faso, Mozambique and Senegal
Chickpea:
2 populations
Phenotyping in 3 countries (Ethiopia, India and Kenya)
Genetic stocks: Trait pyramiding
MAGIC (Multiparent advanced generation intercross)
Beans (8 parents)
Seed type, abiotic stress, drought adaptation, yield potential,
earliness, biotic stress
648 lines tested for drought tolerance
Cowpeas (8 parents)
Yield potential under marginal conditions, abiotic and biotic
stresses
300 lines
Chickpeas (8 parents)
Drought-tolerant and widely adapted germplasm, FPVs in
diverse regions, high-yielding
1,200 lines
Genetic stocks
Synthetics for Groundnut
6 synthetics developed
Resistance to rust, LLS, ELS, seed size, yield potential
2 populations developed
Brazilian cultivar
Senegalese cultivar
Under evaluation
2 new populations under development
Senegalese cultivar
Genetic stocks
CSSL (Chromosome segment substitution lines)
Synthetic line x elite
78 lines available and under multi-location phenotyping
Several traits: drought, biotic stresses, yield components
AB-QTL populations
2 populations
RIL populations
At least 5 populations
Development of improved version
of local cultivars
MABC (Marker assisted backcrossing)
Beans
5 populations undertaken, but adaptation low so abandoned
Cowpeas
11 populations (BF, IITA, Mozambique, Senegal, UCR)
Drought, biotic stress (flower thrips, Striga, nematodes and
Macrophomina phaseolina )
Chickpeas
11 populations (ICRISAT, India, Ethiopia, Kenya)
Introgression of the region controlling root QTL and drought
Groundnuts
13 populations
Resistance to rosette, ELS and rust
Development of improved cultivars
MAS (Marker assisted selection) - Bean
Disease resistance
Virus
Postharvest deterioration (storage insects)
Bacteria
Fungus
Insects
CAPACITY BUILDING AND
PARTNERSHIP
Development of new populations
through partnership
For the development of CSSL and AB-QTL: EMBRAPA (Brazil)
sent synthetic lines to ISRA/CERAAS, Senegal
ICRISAT sent synthetic lines to ISRA/CERAAS for development
of new CSSL populations
Empowerment of NARS for development of MARS and MABC
populations under the leadership of CIAT, ICRISAT (residential
and long-duration training) and UCR (mentoring)
Fully or partially TL1-supported PhD and
Masters Students
Crop Degree
programme Number Country
Beans MSc 2 Ethiopia, Malawi
Beans PhD 5 Ethiopia, Mozambique,
South Africa, Zimbabwe
Chickpeas MSc 5 Ethiopia, Kenya
Chickpeas PhD 7 Australia,Ethiopia, Kenya
Cowpeas PhD 10
Burkina Faso, Cameroon,
Ghana, Mozambique,
Niger, Nigeria, Senegal,
USA
Groundnuts MSc 2 Mali, Tanzania
Groundnuts PhD 4 Malawi, Niger, Senegal
Total MSc 9 5
Total PhD 26 12
Challenges
Organising and using phenotypic data generated on
hundreds of accessions at multiple locations for several biotic
constraints and for grain yield
Logistics to perform good MARS (reliable phenotypic data,
large GxE effect, limited secondary traits, limited seed
production, fast genotyping turnover)
Data analysis capacity for all teams
Data management implemented by all teams
Use of IBP tools by all teams
Limited human-resource capacity in NARS in modern
breeding
Staff turnover
Conclusion and perspectives
Evolving role of partners over time with NARS now leading
several key activities with ARI and CG scientists mentors
Successful and effective examples of technology change,
bridging the upstream–downstream research gap:
Cowpea MARS (North South)
Groundnut introgression line (South South)
Chickpea MABC (South South)
Successful proof of concept that MB can have impact on legume
productivity
Impressive set of outputs generated
Integration of TLI and TLII is being done, but needs to be
reinforced in the last year of the project
Thank you!
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