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Erosion Mitigation And Shoreline

Management Feasibility Study

Town of Duck, North Carolina

Coastal Planning & Engineering of North Carolina

August 15, 2012

Tom Jarrett

Robert Neal

Ken Willson

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Outline:

• Review Goals of Study

• Phase 1 – Coastal Process/Erosion Impacts

• Phase 2 – Concepts/Cost/Timeline

• Results of Phase 1

• Shoreline Change Rates

• Trends/Reversals

• Pier Impacts

• Erosion Economics

• Phase 2 Concepts

• Develop an erosion mitigation strategy to address

this “Hot Spot”

• Develop a long term shoreline management

strategy for the entire Town

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Goals of the Study

• Evaluate shoreline changes along entire town

• Investigate the cause, extent, and severity of the chronic

erosion area or “Hot Spot” just north of the Research Pier

• Develop an erosion mitigation strategy to address this “Hot

Spot”

• Develop a long term shoreline management strategy for the

entire Town

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OUR APPROACH

• Develop Comprehensive Understanding of Coastal

Processes

• Project Shoreline Change Rates (5, 10, 15, 30, and 50

Years)

• Develop Short-Term and Long-Term Management

Alternatives to Address Erosion

Determine Permitting Costs

Potential Sand Sources

Construction Costs

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OUR APPROACH

• Develop Comprehensive Understanding of Coastal

Processes

• Project Shoreline Change Rates (5, 10, 15, 30, and 50

Years)

• Develop Short-Term and Long-Term Management

Alternatives to Address Erosion

Determine Permitting Costs

Potential Sand Sources

Construction Costs

PHASE 1

PHASE 2

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Phase 1: Coastal Process and

Shoreline Impact Analysis 1. Shoreline Change Rates

– What are the Shoreline Change Rates?

2. Trends or Reversals

– Should we expect past shoreline trends to remain constant or could

they reverse?

3. Pier Impacts

– Is the Pier impacting shoreline change rates?

4. Economic Losses Due to Shoreline Change Rates

– How much public and private property is threatened (Short-Term and

Long-Term)?

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Shoreline Impact Analysis 1: Shoreline Change Rates

• 11 LiDAR data sets between 1996 and 2011.

• Analysis extends from 1 mile south of Town through 1

mile north of Town.

• 543 Transects established (100 ft. Spacing)

• Transects grouped into 10 segments with similar trends

between 1996 – 2011

• Analysis extended back to 1940 using USGS data

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Example of Shoreline Transects

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Jun-96 Jun-98 Jun-00 Jun-02 Jun-04 Jun-06 Jun-08 Jun-10

Date of LiDAR survey

Cumulative Shoreline Change since 1996-South of the FRF Pier

Seg 1 (-22000 to -14000) Seg 2 (-14000 to -8000) Seg 3 (-8000 to -6000) Seg 4 (-6000 to -2000) Seg 5 (-2000 to 0)

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Jun-96 Jun-98 Jun-00 Jun-02 Jun-04 Jun-06 Jun-08 Jun-10

Date of LiDAR survey

Cumulative Shoreline Change since 1996-North of the FRF Pier

Seg 6 (0 to 1000) Seg 7 (1000 to 6000) Seg 8 (6000 to 14000) Seg 9 (14000 to 16000) Seg 10 (16000 to 30000)

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Jan-40 Jan-50 Jan-60 Jan-70 Jan-80 Jan-90 Jan-00 Jan-10

Date of survey

Cumulative Shoreline Change South of FRF Pier Since 1940

Seg 1 Seg 2 Seg 3 Seg 4 Seg 5

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Jan-40 Jan-50 Jan-60 Jan-70 Jan-80 Jan-90 Jan-00 Jan-10

Cumulative Shoreline Changes North of FRF Pier Since 1940

Seg 6 Seg 7 Seg 8 Seg 9 Seg 10

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Shoreline Segment

Transect Grouping Distance From Pier (ft)

Average Shoreline Trend by Segment for 1996 to 2011

Overall Trend (ft/yr)

Total Movement (ft)

1 9 to 89 -22,000 to -14,000 0.67 10

2 89 to 149 -14,000 to -8,000 -0.37 -6

3 149 to 169 -8,000 to -6,000 1.81 27

4 169 to 209 -6,000 to -2,000 -1.04 -16

5 209 to 229 -2,000 to 0 -0.05 -1

6 229 to 239 0 to 1,000 -1.68 -25

7 239 to 289 1,000 to 6,000 -4.79 -73

8 289 to 369 6,000 to 14,000 1.1 17

9 369 to 389 14,000 to 16,000 -0.56 -8

10 389 to 529 16,000 to 30,000 1.53 23

Shoreline Impact Analysis 1: Shoreline Change Rates

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Dune Toe

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Comparison MHW Change to

Toe of Dune Change

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• Reviewed Wave Data from FRF and other gauges.

• Possibility of Sand Wave Migration.

• Influence of shore oblique sand bars

Shoreline Impact Analysis 2: Trends and Reversals

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17.4 Meters / 57 Feet

FRF Pier

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Potential Monthly Sediment Transport Rates

Oct 1996 to Nov 2011 (Based on Gauge 3111)

-350,000

-250,000

-150,000

-50,000

50,000

150,000

250,000

350,000

Oct-96 Oct-98 Oct-00 Oct-02 Oct-04 Oct-06 Oct-08 Oct-10

Transport to South Transport to North

Dominate Littoral Transport to the North

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• Net northward sediment transport

• No clear correlation between wave data and shoreline

change based on LiDAR data sets

• No significant differences in average storm conditions

when comparing 1996 – 1999 and 1999 – 2011.

• No major difference in storm conditions from 1980 to

1996 compared to other time period.

Shoreline Impact Analysis 2: Trends and Reversals

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2: Shoreline Trends and Reversals

10 110 210 310 410 510

Transect

1940 to 1980 1980 to 1996 1996 to 2011

Southern Town Limit FRF Pier Northern Town Limit

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

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Shoreline Impact Analysis 3: Pier Impacts

• Analytical method to independently evaluate cross-shore

(EVEN) and alongshore (ODD) shoreline changes due to

potential obstruction.

• Cross-shore influences (storms) should impact the shoreline

about the same up-coast and down-cost of pier, hence EVEN

influence.

• Pier could potentially influence alongshore sediment transport

and cause unequal impacts up-coast and down-coast, hence

ODD influence.

• Cross-shore plus alongshore equals total shoreline response.

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Even Odd Analysis

1998 - 2008

Limit of Long-

Shore Influence

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Mean Sea Level

Mean High Water

Shoreline Impact Analysis 4: Economic Losses Due To Shoreline Change Rates

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Mean Sea Level

Mean High Water

40 ft.

Erosion Rate of 5 ft./ Year

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Mean Sea Level

Mean High Water

Apply 10 Years of Erosion

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Mean Sea Level

Mean High Water

5 ft./yr. X 10 years = 50 ft.

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Mean Sea Level

Mean High Water

5 ft./yr. X 10 years = 50 ft.

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• 1996 – 2011 shoreline change rates were applied to the

existing dune toe

• Developed predicted dune toe position for 5, 10, 15, 30,

and 50-year timeframes

• Parcel value reduced based on percentage lost

• Structure considered “total loss” when the predicted dune

toe intersected or became landward of the structure.

• Pools $50K deduction from structural value

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Predicted Dune Toe Positions

2016 2021 2026

2046 2066

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Years Cumulative

2011-2016 2016-2021 2021-2026 2026-2041 2041-2061

Area Lost (acres) 52.03 3.26 3.28 9.96 13.41 81.94

Parcels Lost (US Dollars)

$72,617,984 $6,164,873 $6,168,610 $18,526,114 $17,937,543 $121,415,125

Building Affected 0 7 16 10 8 41

Pools Affected 7 10 0 0 3 20

Lost Infrastructure (USD)

$350,000 $3,163,900 $13,168,650 $9,518,950 $1,026,600 $27,228,100

Results from Phase 1

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Phase 2: Alternative Analysis

• What alternatives do we have that will mitigate erosion

damage to public and private property?

• What are the cost of implementing these alternatives?

• How long will it take to implement these alternatives?

• Considered economic value, innovative solutions, and

Town-wide benefits

Now That We Have Identified The Problem:

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• Develop a cost estimate for obtaining permits for the

project.

• Develop a schedule to obtain permits for the project

• Develop a cost and schedule associated with

Construction of the Project:

(Note: Town may want to consider continuing shoreline monitoring by FRF)

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• No Action Alternative

• Erosion Mitigation Beach Fill Project

• Segmented Truck Haul Beach Fill

• Economic Impacts of Short Term vs. Long Term

Mitigation

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Erosion Mitigation Beach Fill:

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Existing Geotechnical Information (Potential Borrow Sites)

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What About Impacts of Sea Level Rise?

= 1.35 ft/100 yrs

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Sea Level Rise

= 1.46 ft/100 yrs

Cumulative Nourishment Volume - Carolina Beach

2,000,000

4,000,000

6,000,000

8,000,000

10,000,000

12,000,000

14,000,000

16,000,000

18,000,000

Dec-64 Dec-69 Dec-74 Dec-79 Dec-84 Dec-89 Dec-94 Dec-99 Dec-04 Dec-09

Nourishment Dates

Cumulative Nourishment Volumes Linear (Cumulative Nourishment Volumes)

12 Nourishment Operations Since

Initial Construction in 1964-65 Annual

Nourishment =~300,000 CY/YR

Funding Gap 1971 to 1981

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Segmented Beach Fill (Truck Haul):

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CONVEYOR

SYSTEM:

Images Provided By: Eastman Aggregates Inc.

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• Look at Scale of Cost

• Look at any permanent infrastructure that could

make one of these more cost efficient

• Sustainability

Comparison Between Long Term

Projects

Truck Haul vs. Dredging Projects

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Types of Beach Fill Projects:

• Mitigate Long-Term Erosion

• Storm Damage Reduction

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Storm Damage Reduction

Before Fran (After Bertha)

After Fran

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Storm Damage Reduction

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PROFILE EVOLUTION OF BEACH NOURISHMENT

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 -200

DISTANCE

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0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 -200

DISTANCE

Nourishment

Design Beach

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0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 -200

DISTANCE

Design Beach

Advance Fill

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0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 -200

DISTANCE

Design Beach

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0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 -200

DISTANCE

Design Beach

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0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 -200

DISTANCE

Post-Construction

Adjustment in 1-3 years

Design Beach

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Approx. February 1993 Wet/Dry Line

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Storm Vulnerability

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SBEACH

• Storm-induced BEAch CHange Model

• Simulates cross-shore erosion of the dune,

berm, and foreshore caused by storm waves

and water levels

Omaha Beach FS18 (Sta. 450+47)

100 Year Return Interval Storm Thule St

100 Year Return Interval Storm

Post-Storm Profile

Thule St

Beach Fill: Alternative 1 & 3

Post-Storm Profile: Alternative 1 & 3

100 Year Return Interval Storm

Post-Storm Profile

Thule St

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Summary

• Phase 1 analysis is generally complete, report being

prepared

• Concepts to be vetted for Phase 2 have been outlined

• Over the next 2 months we will finish Phase 2

• Recommend considering SBEACH analysis to

determine storm vulnerability for entire town

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Thank You For Your Time!!

Questions?

Tom Jarrett – James.Jarrett@Shawgrp.com

Robert Neal – Robert.Neal@Shawgrp.com

Ken Willson – Kenneth.Willson@Shawgrp.com

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