topic: earth and space
Post on 18-Dec-2021
3 Views
Preview:
TRANSCRIPT
TOPIC: EARTH AND SPACE
PRIMARY ENGAGEMENT PROGRAMME
SUBJECT: SCIENCE
LESSON: 1 WEEK 6
Name: ___________________________ Date: _____________________________
GRADE SIX WORKSHEET TERM 3
THE SOLAR SYSTEM
FACTS/TIPS
- The solar system primarily consists of eight planets that orbit or
revolve around the sun, their moons, millions of asteroids,
comets and meteoroids.
- The sun is the largest and brightest star in the middle of the solar
system. It provides all the planets in the solar system with heat
and light.
- The sun is so big that all the planets and moons in the solar
system can fit inside of it. Gravity on the sun is very strong
because of its great size. This gravity helps hold the objects in
the solar system in orbit.
- Stars are big balls of hot gas that give out heat and light.
- A planet is a large body of rock or gas that orbits the sun. Planets
do not give out light but reflect light from the sun. Earth is a
planet.
- Orbit is the path an object takes as it moves around another in
space.
- Gravity is the force that keeps the planets revolving around the
sun.
Planets
- Planets are grouped as Terrestrial Planets and Jovian Planets.
- Terrestrial Planets are small, rocky and closer to the sun.
- Jovian Planets are larger and further away from the sun.
Did you know?
- Of all the planets Mercury moves the fastest around the sun. If it
doesn‘t move fast enough the gravitational pull of the sun would
suck it right in!
Planets
(Terrestrial Planets)
Mercury
- Mercury is the closest planet to the Sun and is also the smallest of
the eight planets in our solar system. Its orbit around the Sun takes 88
Earth days, the shortest of all the planets in the Solar System.
Venus
- Venus is the hottest planet because of its gases. Also known as the
evening star. Venus spins clockwise on its axis. Venus also orbits the
Sun anti-clockwise, but its unusual axis rotation is due to being upside
down - it was knocked off its upright position earlier in its history.
Earth
– Earth is the only planet to have life on it. Also known as the green
planet. Earth is special because it is an ocean planet. Water covers
70 percent of Earth's surface. Earth's atmosphere is made mostly of
nitrogen and has plenty of oxygen for us to breathe. The atmosphere
also protects us from incoming meteoroids, most of which break up
before they can hit the surface.
Mars
– Mars is sometimes called the Red Planet. It's red because of rusty
iron in the ground. Like Earth, Mars has seasons, polar ice caps,
volcanoes, canyons, and weather. It has a very thin atmosphere
made of carbon dioxide, nitrogen, and argon.
(Jovian Planets)
Jupiter
– This is the largest planet. It is made primarily of gases and is
therefore known as a ‗gas giant‘. Jupiter‘s stripes and swirls are
actually cold, windy clouds of ammonia and water, floating in an
atmosphere of hydrogen and helium.
Saturn
- A unique feature of Saturn is that it is the least dense planet in the
Solar System. Although Saturn may have a dense, solid core, the
large outer layer is gaseous. As result, Saturn is lighter than water.
Uranus
- Uranus is the seventh planet from the sun and the first to be
discovered by scientists. Although Uranus is visible to the naked eye,
it was long mistaken as a star because of the planet's dimness and
slow orbit. The planet is also notable for its dramatic tilt, which causes
its axis to point nearly directly at the sun.
Neptune
- More than 30 times as far from the Sun as Earth, Neptune is the only
planet in our solar system not visible to the naked eye.
Neptune's thick atmosphere is mostly hydrogen, with smaller
amounts of helium and methane. It is the absorption of red light by
methane that gives Neptune its very blue colouration. The average
temperature on Neptune is a brutally cold -373 degrees F.
Planet Earth
- With a radius of 3,959 miles, Earth is the fifth largest planet in
our solar system, and it's the only one known for sure to have
liquid water on its surface.
- Earth orbits the sun once every 365.25 days. Since our
calendar years have only 365 days, we add an extra leap day
every four years to account for the difference.
Earth’s movements
Rotation
- This is the movement of the Earth on its axis.
- Rotation results in day and night on Earth.
- The axis is the imaginary line through the centre of the Earth
from the North Pole to the South Pole.
- The Earth takes 24 hours to spin around once, so 24 hours is the
length of one day. This movement is called rotation.
- As the earth spins, the side of the Earth facing the sun is lit up
and so it is daytime on that side of the Earth.
- The side facing away from the sun is in darkness, so it is night
time on that side. The earth‘s axis is tilted to one side.
Revolution
- This is the movement of the Earth around the sun.
- Revolution causes the four seasons to occur. These are winter,
spring, summer and autumn.
- This movement takes 365 and a quarter days. In a leap year, it
takes 366 days.
- There is an imaginary line running around the middle of the
Earth called the equator. The half of the Earth above the
equator is called the Northern Hemisphere and the lower half
below the equator is called the Southern hemisphere.
- If you live closer to the equator the temperature is about the
same all year but if you live far from the equator in the
northern or southern hemisphere there is a big difference in
temperature between summer and winter. Summer is much
warmer than winter.
- Because the earth axis is tilted, there is a time of year when the
northern hemisphere is pointing towards the sun and the
southern hemisphere is pointing away from the sun.
- When this happens it is summer in the northern hemisphere
because the northern hemisphere gets more heat and light
from the sun.
- It is winter in the southern hemisphere because it is pointing
away from the sun and so gets less heat and light.
- As the Earth orbits the sun the positions change. When the Earth
gets to the other side of the sun, the southern hemisphere points
towards the sun and the northern hemisphere points away. Now
it is summer in the southern hemisphere and winter in the
northern hemisphere.
The Earth and the Moon (Natural Satellite)
- Earth has one moon. The moon is Earth‘s closest neighbour and
its natural satellite.
- A satellite is a body that orbits around the Earth.
- The moon travels in an anti-clockwise direction around the
Earth within 29 and a half days. This time taken for the moon to
orbit around the Earth is called a lunar month.
- As it orbits the Earth, we see different phases of the moon.
- The Moon is rotating at the same rate that it revolves around
Earth, so the same hemisphere faces Earth all the time.
- The brightest and largest object in our night sky, the Moon
makes Earth a more livable planet by moderating our home
planet's wobble on its axis, leading to a relatively stable
climate.
- It also causes tides, creating a rhythm that has guided humans
for thousands of years.
- The Moon was likely formed after a Mars-sized body collided
with Earth several billion years ago.
- Earth's Moon is the only place beyond Earth where humans
have set foot, so far.
- With a radius of about 1,080 miles (1,740 kilometres), the Moon
is less than a third of the width of Earth.
Artificial satellites
- Artificial satellites are man-made and placed to orbit the Earth.
- They are used for weather forecasting, communication and
military navigation.
- If damaged they can affect all of these things e.g. weather
forecasting.
- Damaged satellites are very expensive to repair hence they
often build up as junk in space.
- Space junk can crash into functioning satellites, causing even
more damage. They can even fall out of space.
Phases of the Moon
- As the moon moves around the Earth, it also spins on its axis.
The moon spins around once on its axis every time it orbits the
Earth. In other words, it takes the moon exactly the same time
to spin round once on its axis as it takes the Moon to orbit the
Earth. This means the same side of the moon always faces the
Earth.
ON YOUR OWN
1. The diagram is a representation of a section of the solar system.
Study the diagram then answer the questions.
1. Name the planet labeled C. ______________________
2. Which letter represents the hottest planet? ____________________
3. Which planet has the fastest orbit? _____________________
4. Which letter represents the Red planet? _____________________
5. List the planets by name from A – D. state the category these
planets belong to. (A) ________________________
(B) _________________________
(c) _________________________
(D) _________________________
2. Study the diagram then answer the questions.
1. Label the diagram correctly.
2. The diagram shows
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
3. Name the satellite in the diagram. State its type.
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
4. Give two functions of artificial satellites.
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
HOMEWORK
1. What is the solar system?
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
2. Name the Jovian Planets.
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
3. Define these terms:
a. Rotation
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
b. Revolution
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
4. Describe how we get night and day.
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
5. In about three lines describe the ‗Green planet‘.
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
6. What are comets?
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
7. Explain why Venus is described as the hottest planet.
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
8. Differentiate between the two types of satellites.
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
9. Explain one importance of man-made satellites.
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
top related