tourism impacts grade11
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TOURISM IMPACTSgrade 11
Types of Tourism Impacts
ECONOMIC IMPACTS
SOCIO-CULTURAL IMPACTS
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS
Economic Impacts of TourismPOSITIVE
1. Foreign exchange earnings2. Contribution to government
revenues 3. Generation of employment4. Balance of payment / trade
account balance5. Stimulation of infrastructure
investment6. Contribution to local
economies
NEGATIVE
1. Inflation2. Opportunity costs3. Dependency 4. Seasonality5. Leakage6. Enclave tourism7. Seasonal character of jobs8. Prostitution and the
underground economy
Tourism and its Socio-Cultural Impacts
Introduction to Socio-Cultural Impacts of Tourism
• sociology and culture• the tourist culture
• elements of culture
ELEMENTS OF CULTURE
HANDICRAFTS LANGUAGE TRADITION
LOCAL WORK ARCHITECTUR
E RELIGION
GASTRONOMY ART AND
MUSIC HISTORY
EDUCATIONAL SYSTEMS DRESS
LEISURE ACTIVITIES
Relevant Cultural Concepts
ORIENTALISM
NORMS AND RULES
EMOTIONOLOGY
PRIMITIVISM
ETHNOCENTRISM XENOPHOBIA
Socio-cultural Impacts of TourismPOSITIVE/BENEFITS
• Preservation and restoration of cultural heritage
• Revival of traditional arts and crafts
• Cultivation of cultural pride and sense of identity
• Cross-cultural exchange
NEGATIVE/COSTS
• Loss of cultural character• Loss of authenticity and
meaning of traditional arts and crafts
• Commercialization of human relationships
• Potential misunderstandings and conflicts between residents and tourists
TOURISM & ITS ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS
TOURISM & ENVIRONMENT
SYMBIOTIC RELATIONSHIP
ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITS
1. Environmental awareness.2. Enhancements of local environment.3. Protection and conservation of wildlife.
ENVIRONMENTAL COSTS
1. Inappropriate development2. Loss of natural habitat and effects on wildlife3. Pollution4. Loss of spirit5. Overcrowding and traffic congestion6. Activities (affecting the natural environment)
Inappropriate development
• Tourism development may be classed as inappropriate if it fails to be sensitive to the natural environment.
• Long-term planning in environment terms should be done.
• Costa del Sol – had undergone a powerful colonization of modern kind, it had robbed the shore of its natural features, displaced headlands and harbors with badly made structures.
• Resorts in Pattaya, Thailand – considered to be overdeveloped.
Costa del Sol
“Environmental Awareness Raising”
• Tourism has the potential to increase
public appreciation of the environment and to
spread awareness of environmental problems
when it brings people into closer contact with
nature and the environment.
Loss of natural habitat and effects on wildlife
• Development of facilities and subsequent tourist use may result in rapid or more gradual effects on habitats.
• Trampling causes disturbance to vegetation and soil.
• Not unlike the Galapagos Island, 600 miles of the coast of Ecuador.
Wildlife can be disturbed. (cheetahs in Amboseli National Park, Kenya)
• The Loggerhead Turtle in the Greek Island of Zakynthos has become endangered. The development threatens the turtles in six ways:
1. Loss of beach nesting areas.2. Nesting females and young turtles disoriented by
artificial illumination.3. Noise4. Traffic5. Pollution6. Activities in water
Deforestation Effect of trampling Air pollution
POLLUTION
Water
Noise
Land (Solid Waste)
Air
Water Pollution
• Water pollution is the contamination of water bodies such as lakes, rivers, oceans, and groundwater.
Air PollutionAir pollution is the
introduction of chemicals, particulate matter, or biological materials that cause
harm or discomfort to humans or other living organisms, or damages
the natural environment, into the
atmosphere.
Noise Pollution
Noise pollution (or environmental noise) is displeasing human-, animal- or machine-created sound that disrupts the activity or balance of human or animal life.
Solid Waste
Solid Waste is also referred to as rubbish, trash, garbage, or junk depending upon the type of material and the regional terminology. In living organisms, waste relates to unwanted substances or toxins that are expelled from them. (Caribbean Area)
Overcrowding and traffic congestion
• Happens when the volume of tourists exceeds the capacity of an environment.
• Overcrowding poses an increased risk of environmental damage through erosion and restricts visitor appreciation of the destination.
• Inappropriate parking • Congestion damages vegetation, causes erosion
and adds to localized pollution.
Effects of activities• Skiing/alpine tourism
- mountain ecosystems are generally fragile but many are prone to intensive use.- many view skiing as a damaging activity because it requires associated development, such as lodges, resorts, roads and cause severe erosion and deforestation.
Effects of activities
• Ecotourism- while the premise of ecotourism is to assist in conservation and well-being of local communities, it is often the case that ecotourism-based activities lead to deterioration in environmental quality.- proper planning and management is needed
Tourism, Global Warming and
Climate Change
• By 2050, tourism is expected to see its contribution to greenhouse gas emissions rise from 3 to 7%.
• KYOTO Protocol, adopted in Kyoto, Japan, on 11 December 1997 and entered into force on 16 February 2005. (highlights the expected impacts of tourism in the environment)
• Very significant because climate and temperature are important determinants of destination selection.
Tourism-related companies realized that turning green makes good
business sense. The German tourism industry experience.
Hotel Sector• installing water saving devices;• Abolishing individually
wrapped food items at the breakfast buffet;
• Using recycled paper and reusable bottles.
Resorts• Decreasing automobile traffic
in resorts, clinic and recreational zones by constructing parking areas outside of the central
Food should be grown in an environmentally friendly way
•Don‘t transport food around the world – buy local products!
Using nature to save
• Collects rain to flush the toilet
Buying locally
• Buys food from the local area
Tourism-related companies realized that turning green makes good business sense.
• Travel Agencies- Publication of brochure
offering tips and information on species protection and environmentally proper behavior to vacationers.
Tourism-related companies realized that turning green makes good business sense.
• Transportation - Use high capacity
airplanes to reduce noise and emissions of pollutants and fuel consumption/trains.
- “Garbage return initiative” LTU International Airways’ ecobag.
In the houseUse of solar energy- Replacing
regular light bulbs for energy-saving bulbs.
- Promoting bicycles for inner city transport
- Use of rain water
Tourism-related companies realized that turning green makes good business sense.
• Cities and Towns- Use of solar energy- Replacing regular light
bulbs for energy-saving bulbs.
- Promoting bicycles for inner city transport
- Use of rain water
CommunityDunedin City Council
• DCC hand out gloves and specially marked rubbish bags to volunteers who offer to clean up their area between August 22nd and September 2nd for “Keep Dunedin beautiful”.
• Offer yellow lidded wheelie bins to Dunedin households
References Tourism impacts• By Reymarie Oohlala, Lobby Ambassador at Pan
Pacific Hotel Singapore on Aug 04, 2013http://www.slideshare.net/reymarieoohlala/chap5-tourism-impacts?qid=2deaba2e-e6a5-4f47-9cf3-bb17e75c41ac&v=qf1&b=&from_search=4
Comenius 2011-Sustainable Tourism in Nuremberg• By Debreceni Bethlen Gábor Közgazdasági
Szakközépiskola on Oct 02, 2013
http://www.slideshare.net/dbgksz/comenius-2011sustainable-tourism-in-nuremberg?qid=750b7567-2e11-4004-8319-fb0ee0fc13d6&v=qf1&b=&from_search=12
• Energy Efficiency Dunedin City http://www.slideshare.net/davidsonkate/responsible-tourism-8889375?qid=0f2adbd0-34ea-4078-8054-c05ba9653e88&v=default&b=&from_search=2
Responsible tourism• By davidson kate on Aug 17, 2011 http
://www.slideshare.net/davidsonkate/responsible-tourism-8889375?qid=0f2adbd0-34ea-4078-8054-c05ba9653e88&v=default&b=&from_search=2
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