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Towards a unified sea level record: assessing the performance of global mean
sea level reconstructions from satellite altimetry, tide gauges, paleo‐proxies and
geophysical models
Abstract
Sea‐level rise is one of the most certain and costly consequences of a warming world with
potentially hazardous impacts on coastal infrastructure, property, and the livelihoods of
coastal communities (Nicholls and Cazenave, 2010). Since 1992, radar altimeters on board of
satellites have been continuously monitoring sea‐level changes with high accuracy and nearly
global coverage, providing essential information on the behavior of regional and (near‐) global
mean sea level (GMSL) (Ablain et al., 2015). However, placing this valuable record into
historical context is challenging, since estimates of GMSL before the altimetry era rely on a
spatially and temporally sparse set of either tide gauge or proxy‐records along the coast. In
addition, these in‐situ records are affected by regionally varying geoid and solid earth
processes such as vertical land motion (VLM) caused by glacial isostatic adjustment (GIA) or
other local processes, which may mask the global information in the records. Uncertainties in
geoid and solid earth corrections in combination with different processing schemes
(manifesting itself in a different weighting of the tide gauges) cause current estimates of 20th
century GMSL change based on tide gauges to vary widely between ~1 and 2 mm/yr (Church
and White, 2011; Jevrejeva et al., 2014; Hay et al., 2015). Furthermore, pre‐industrial
reconstructions of GMSL based on sea level proxies are limited to one single study (Kopp et al.,
2016). The approaches and datasets used in the different published estimates of past GMSL
change differ considerably, and there has been no consistent assessment of the differences
between the individual reconstructions.
The objective of this proposal is to bring together a team of sea level experts to (i) objectively
assess the performance of pre‐altimetric sea level reconstructions using a consistent and
reproducible framework of common datasets, (ii) understand and reduce the wide range of
past estimates, and (iii) put the high contemporary GMSL rates obtained from satellite
altimeters (~3.4 mm/yr) into a better constrained historical context.
List of confirmed members
Team members: Sönke Dangendorf (team co‐leader, Germany; responsible for the
communication to ISSI), Marta Marcos (team co‐leader, Spain), Francisco Calafat (UK), Roland
Gehrels (UK), Ben Hamlington (USA), Carling Hay (USA), Robert Kopp (USA), Roelof Rietbroek
(Germany), Alvaro Santamaría‐Gómez (France), Aimée Slangen (Netherlands), Phillip
Thompson (USA), Guy Wöppelmann (France)
Self‐supported scientists: Ole Andersen (Denmark), Eduardo Zorita (Germany)
Young scientists (to be invited after approval): Chris Piecuch (USA), Thomas Frederikse
(Netherlands)
Each member confirmed his/her commitment to the proposed project.
1. Scientific rationale, goals, and timeliness of the project
Sea level is a climate variable that integrates ocean warming, melting in the cryosphere, and
the terrestrial water cycle, which are all sensitive to global warming (Rietbroek et al. 2016). For
this reason, sea level plays a crucial role as a climate indicator. At the same time, sea level rise
impacts the world’s low lying coastal zones and inhabitants by increasing the risk of coastal
flooding (especially in combination with storm surges) and concomitant effects such as
salinization (Nicholls and Cazenave 2010). Hence, sea level has been defined as one of the
Essential Climate Variables (ECV) by the Global Climate Observing System (GCOS). Sea level
changes have been continuously monitored by high‐precision radar altimeters on board of
satellites since October 1992, providing a GMSL rise rate of 3.4±0.4 mm/year (1993‐2014;
Ablain et al, 2015). In contrast, before the altimetry era, direct estimates of GMSL changes rely
on the coastal network of tide gauges that provide in situ observations of sea level relative to
the land. These long‐term sea level observations show that GMSL rose slower during the 20th
century. Depending on how tide gauge records are combined, rates range between 1.3 and
2.0 mm/year (Church and White 2011; Jevrejeva et al. 2014; Hay et al. 2015) with uncertainties
that have been estimated at about an order of magnitude smaller. The differences in rates at
multi‐decadal and centennial time scales between the various reconstructions are likely to
arise from: (i) the selection of the tide gauge stations (e.g. Hamlington and Thompson 2015;
Hay et al. 2017); (ii) the corrections (or lack of) of the VLM of the Earth’s crust and of the geoid
deformations induced by mass load changes that affect local tide gauge locations
(Wöppelmann et al. 2014; Hay et al. 2015; Hamlington et al. 2016; Dangendorf et al. under
review); (iii) the methodologies used to merge a limited number of tide gauge stations or proxy
records into a GMSL series (Church and White 2011; Calafat et al. 2014; Jevrejeva et al. 2014;
Hay et al. 2015; Dangendorf et al. under review); and (iv) the limited ability of all methods to
separate the externally‐forced long‐term changes from the low‐frequency fluctuations
associated with internal climate variations. However, a complete understanding of the relative
importance of each of those factors is lacking. This severely limits our ability to provide a
unique estimate of GMSL change at century to millennial time scales and thus restrict the
historical interpretation of the altimetric GMSL record.
Our goal in the proposed project is therefore to better understand the differences between
existing estimates of GMSL change and to narrow, as effectively as possible, the range of
estimates of GMSL rise in the past. This goal will be tackled by addressing the following specific
objectives:
1. To test objectively the performance of each reconstruction approach in controlled
conditions, using synthetic sea level fields, provided by state of the art climate models,
where the model truth is a priori known.
2. To constrain pre‐altimetry rates of GMSL in order to place the contemporary GMSL rise
observed by satellite altimetry in the adequate historical context of in‐situ (20th
century) and proxy data (Late Holocene).
This is essential to address important questions such as whether GMSL rise is accelerating in
response to global warming and whether the anthropogenic fingerprint in rising sea levels is
already detectable. We expect that the results of the proposed research will lead to papers in
major journals, and are consequently relevant to a broad range of climate sciences.
Furthermore, due to the continued extension of the radar altimetry record, altimetry is
becoming an ever more valuable tool for policymakers, and our research aims to facilitate this.
The methods investigated here can also be extended far beyond the sea level application to
the many other disciplines where the problem of reconstructing spatio‐temporal fields using
sparse observations is encountered.
To address these challenges we propose to build a multi‐disciplinary international team of
leading experts in sea level science with demonstrated expertise in tide gauge and satellite
altimetry data analyses, numerical ocean modelling, VLM and mass load deformation,
statistical methods and paleo‐sea level reconstructions. To achieve our objectives we propose
to focus the project on two time periods (corresponding to two work packages plus an
integration work package), as detailed in the following.
Work Package 1: 20th century GMSL reconstructions
In order to quantify and understand the differences in the resulting GMSL curves from
different methodologies, we will objectively assess the performance of individual state‐of‐the‐
art GMSL reconstruction approaches (e.g. Church and White 2011; Jevrejeva et al. 2014; Ray
and Douglas 2011; Hay et al. 2015; Hamlington et al. 2016; Dangendorf et al. under review)
using a variety of synthetic sea level fields. We will compile a set of test fields consisting of a
combination of ocean dynamics, ice‐melt, GIA and hydrological fingerprints. The ocean
dynamic contribution will be obtained from modelled sea surface height (SSH) fields generated
by (i) historical runs from Atmosphere Ocean General Circulation Models (AOGCMs) available
at the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) data base (we plan to base our
selection on earlier assessments such as those achieved by the ISSI International Team on
contemporary regional and global sea level rise,
http://www.issibern.ch/teams/climatemodels/) and (ii) ocean reanalysis such as SODA (Carton
and Giese, 2008) or the eddy‐resolving (1/12°) global model NEMO (Marzocchi et al., 2015),
which should be able to resolve many of the coastal processes that are important to sea level.
Fingerprints from glaciers and ice‐sheet melting, hydrological changes, and GIA will be linearly
added to the SSH fields. We will then create a series of surrogate datasets to simulate the
near‐global altimetry observations and the temporally long but spatially sparse tide gauge
records. The latter will be additionally “contaminated” by synthetic time series of VLM derived
using the statistics of observed GPS measurements minus GIA (i.e. a trend plus a noise term).
The surrogate datasets will be distributed among all participants who will then apply their
individual reconstruction techniques. All results will be inter‐compared and tested against the
a priori known modelled GMSL curves. It is expected that the information provided insight on
how to choose the optimal tide gauge dataset, the pros and cons of individual reconstruction
approaches, and guidance on how to best integrate a priori knowledge of solid Earth and geoid
corrections.
Work Package 2: Paleo GMSL (late Holocene)
Following the same approach as in WP1, a series of surrogate synthetic proxy records will also
be created. Since the focus is on Late Holocene time scale, the synthetic sea level fields will be
created using a millennial simulation with the Earth System model MPI‐ESM‐P AOGCM. The
point‐wise information will correspond to the locations and temporal resolution of all available
proxy records from paleo sea level studies (Kopp et al. 2016) and random noise will be added
to each mimicking the limitations of actual proxy records (e.g. Gomez‐Navarro et al. 2016).
Gaussian process regression (i.e. Kopp 2013) will be used to convert the non‐equidistant proxy
records and their climate model surrogates into the required temporal resolution. Paleo‐sea
level reconstruction techniques from Kopp et al. (2016) and Dangendorf et al. (under review)
will be then applied to the surrogate time series and compared to the a priori known modelled
GMSL curves.
Work Package 3: Application to observations and comparison to the altimeter record
Based on the results of WP1 and WP2 we will apply each reconstruction approach with all
available and applicable a priori information to real observations. This will provide a variety of
reconstructions over the late Holocene from proxies and over the 20th century from tide
gauges (combined with altimetry or not). By doing this we aim to provide constrained rates of
GMSL changes over the past that will be compared to the unique near‐global altimeter record
since 1992. This component of the work is essential to understanding whether the elevated
rate of global rise during recent decades represents an acceleration in the secular rate of
change or a temporary increase due to decadal climate variability.
2. Expected outputs
The proposed research will lead to the publication of two scientific peer‐review papers:
‐ Paper on 20th century GMSL rise using different reconstruction methods that will: (i) test the
sensitivity of each method to the selection of tide gauges and the corrections applied; (ii)
determine the most suitable approach(es), if any, to recover the a priori known GMSL from
synthetic fields; (iii) constrain the 20th century GMSL rise rate and its uncertainties as observed
by tide gauges and altimetry from the findings in (i), (ii) and (iii); and (iv) quantify the increase
and the possible acceleration of GMSL rise during the altimetry period.
‐ Paper on sea level reconstructions during the Late Holocene that will: (i) test two approaches
to reconstruct paleo sea levels and compare them to the a priori known modelled GMSL; (ii)
refine the value and the uncertainties in GMSL changes during late Holocene; and (iii) quantify
the probability of acceleration of GMSL rise during the last decades.
In addition to the two papers a final report will be produced, which will be used to summarize
our findings and serve as a means to report back to ISSI.
3. Added value to ISSI
The expected outcome of the proposed research is highly relevant for the interpretation of the
satellite altimetry GMSL observations, which represent one of the major and most crucial
applications of the space missions for climate studies. By placing the current rates of GMSL rise
in the appropriate historical context we will: (i) assess how the rate of present‐day GMSL rise
compares to earlier decades and centuries; (ii) contribute to detection and attribution studies
by improving the knowledge of GMSL sensitivity to anthropogenic climate change; (iii) improve
our confidence in estimates of the acceleration of GMSL rise; and (iv) potentially contribute to
an improved design of future Earth observation systems. The ISSI support to build the
proposed International Team will therefore aid current efforts to understand past GMSL
changes as reported by satellite and by ground‐based observations and will contribute to
advance the state‐of‐the‐art interpretation of long‐term sea level observations.
Our proposal fits into the research field of Earth Sciences using space data fostered by ISSI. Our
team is formed by scientists based in Europe and North America, thus ISSI Bern provides a
location that is convenient for the majority of team members.
4. Schedule
Two four‐day meetings are foreseen within this proposal, tentatively scheduled in:
Meeting 1 in November/December 2017. Prior to the meeting the team leaders will
encourage the members to contribute to the compilation and preparation of the individual
datasets that will be used to build synthetic fields and surrogate records. During the meeting
the complete test fields and synthetic datasets will be presented, extended if needed and
provided to all team members, who will agree on the sensitivity tests to be carried out using
different approaches and the timing to deliver the reconstructed GMSL curves. The common
framework for the inter‐comparison of reconstructions will be discussed.
Meeting 2 in July 2018. Individual GMSL reconstructions for the 20th century and the late
Holocene will be presented and inter‐compared. Different skills and methods will be discussed
among all participants. The elements, structure and contributors to the two scientific papers
with the main results will be agreed.
Submission of the two papers is expected before the end of 2018. The final report to ISSI will
be delivered no later than spring 2019.
5. Facilities required
The facilities requested are a meeting room for 16 people with projector and internet
connection. A black board/white board would also be helpful. Also, IT support for the project
website is requested.
6. Financial support requested
Accommodation and per diem is requested for 12 team members (plus 2 young scientists) for
the two four‐day meetings. Also travel support for one of the two team co‐leaders for each
meeting.
References
Ablain M., et al. (2015) Improved sea level record over the satellite altimetry era (1993–2010) from the Climate Change Initiative project. Ocean Sci 11:67–82. doi:10.5194/os‐11‐67‐2015
Calafat, F. M., et al. (2014) On the ability of global sea level reconstructions to determine trends and variability, J. Geophys. Res. Oceans, 119, 1572–1592
Carton FM, Giese BS (2008) A reanalysis of ocean climate using Simple Ocean Data Assimilation (SODA). Mon. Weather Rev., 136, 2999–3017.
Church JA, White NJ (2011) Sea‐level rise from the late 19th to the early 21st Century. Surveys in Geophysics, 32, 585‐602.
Dangendorf, S., et al. (under review) Reassessment of 20th century global mean sea‐level rise, PNAS.
Gómez‐Navarro, J. J., et al. (2016) Testing the analog method in reconstructing the global mean annual temperature during the Common Era, Clim. Past Discuss., doi:10.5194/cp‐2016‐98, in review.
Hamlington, B. D., and Thompson, P. R. (2015) Considerations for Estimating the 20th Century Trend in Global Mean Sea Level, Geophysical Research Letters, 42 (10), (pp. 4102–4109).
Hamlington BD, et al. (2016) Assessing the impact of vertical land motion on twentieth century global mean sea level estimates, J. Geophys. Res., 121, 4980‐4993
Hay, C. H., et al.. (2015) Probabilistic reanalysis of twentieth‐century sea level rise. Nature, 517, 481–484
Hay, C. H., et al. (2017) On the robustness of Bayesian fingerprinting estimates of global sea‐level change, J. Climate, http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/JCLI‐D‐16‐0271.1.
Jevrejeva S, Moore JC, Grinsted A, Matthews AP, Spada G (2014) Trends and acceleration in global and regional sea levels since 1807. Global and Planetary Change, 113, 11‐22.
Kopp, R. E. (2013) Does the mid‐Atlantic United States sea level acceleration hot spot reflect ocean dynamic variability? Geophys. Res. Lett., 40, 3981‐3985.
Kopp, R. E., et al. (2016) Temperature‐driven global sea‐level variability in the Common Era. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, doi:10.1073/pnas.1517056113.
Marzocchi, A et al. (2015) The North Atlantic subpolar circulation in an eddy‐resolving global ocean model, Journal of Marine Systems, 142., 126‐143.
Nicholls, R. J., Cazenave, A. (2010) Sea‐level rise and its impacts on coastal zones, Science, 328(5985), 1517‐20.
Ray RD, Douglas BC (2011) Experiments in reconstructing twentieth‐century sea levels. Prog. Oceanogr., 91, 496–515.
Rietbroek, R., et al. (2016) Revisiting the Contemporary Sea Level Budget on Global and Regional Scales. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2016, 201519132.
Wöppelmann, G., et al. (2014) Evidence for a differential sea level rise between hemispheres over the twentieth century, Geophys. Res. Lett., 41, 1639–1643.
Annexe: Short CVs of the team members and list with contact information
NAME, First Name: DANGENDORF, Sönke
Affiliation: University of Siegen, Germany
Role in the project: Co‐leader (responsible for the communication to ISSI), expertise in sea
level observations from tide gauges/altimetry/proxy records and their processing, sea level
processes and GMSL reconstructions
Current position: Researcher (Group Leader), Department of Civil Engineering
Former Position(s): PostDoc University of Siegen (2014‐2016), PhD University of Siegen (2010‐
2014)
Education: PhD in Civil/Coastal Engineering (University of Siegen), Diploma in Civil Engineering
(University of Siegen)
Services in National and/or International Committees (last ones): Guest Editor for “Scientific
Data” (Nature Publishing Group, since 2017), Associate Editor for “Frontiers in Marine Science”
(since 2016), Member of the Working Group on “Understanding sea level dynamics in the
Baltic Sea region” of Baltic Earth (since 2016), Organizing Committee of the “Workshop on
Global and Regional Sea Level Variability and Change” at Mallorca (2015)
Honors: EGU Outstanding Student Poster (OSP) Award (2015), Outstanding PhD thesis award
of the “Förderverein für Architektur und Bauingenieurwesen an der Universität Siegen” (2014);
Visiting Fellowships at Hiroshima University (2016), Saitama University (2015),
IMEDEA/University of the Balearic Islands (2015), University of Reading (2014), Nansen Centre
(2014); Early Career Scientists Travel Grant for the E3S Future Earth Cross Community
Workshop in Berlin, DAAD Travel Grants for the AGU Meetings in San Francisco (2012, 2013,
2015)
Selected Publications:
A. Arns, S. Dangendorf, J. Bender, A. Talke, C. Pattiaratchi, J. Jensen, (2017): Sea‐level rise
induced amplification of coastal protection design heights, Scientific Reports, 7, 40171
S. Dangendorf, C. Mudersbach, T. Wahl, J. Jensen (2013): Characteristics of intra‐, inter‐
annual and decadal variability and the role of meteorological forcing: The long record of
Cuxhaven, Ocean Dynamics, 63 (2‐3):209‐224
S. Dangendorf, F. M. Calafat, A. Arns, I. D. Haigh, T. Wahl, J. Jensen (2014): North Sea mean
sea level variability: processes and implications, J. Geophys. Res., doi:10.1002/2014JC009901
S. Dangendorf, D. Rybski, C. Mudersbach, A. Müller, E. Kaufmann, E. Zorita, J. Jensen (2014):
Evidence for long‐term memory in sea level, Geophys. Res. Lett., 41, 15, 5530‐5537.
S. Dangendorf, M. Marcos, A. Müller, E. Zorita, R. Riva, K. Berk, J. Jensen (2015): Detecting
anthropogenic footprints in sea level rise, Nature Communications, 6:7849
S. Dangendorf (2016): Human influence on sea level rise, Nature Climate Change,
doi:10.1038/nclimate2994.
S. Dangendorf, M. Marcos, G. Wöppelmann, C. Conrad, R. E. M. Riva, T. Frederikse (under
review): Reassessment of 20th century global mean sea level rise
I.D. Haigh, T. Wahl, E.J. Rohling, R.M. Price, C.B. Pattiaratchi, F. M. Calafat, S. Dangendorf
(2014): Timescales for detecting a significant acceleration in sea level rise, Nature
Communications, 5, 3635.
M. Marcos, B. Marzeion, S. Dangendorf, A. Slangen, H. Palanisamy, L. Fenoglio (2017):
Internal variability versus anthropogenic forcing on sea level and its components. Surveys in
Geophysics, 38, doi: 10.1007/s10712‐016‐9373‐3
M. Marcos, F. M. Calafat, A. Berihuete, S. Dangendorf (2015): Long term variations in global
sea level extremes. J. Geophys. Res., 120, 8115–8134.
C. Piecuch, S. Dangendorf, R. Ponte, M. Marcos (2016): Annual sea level changes on the
North American northeastern coastline and the influence of local winds and barotropic
motions, J. Climate, 29:13, 4801‐4816
H. Visser, S. Dangendorf, A. C. Petersen (2015): A review of trend models applied to sea
level data with reference to the “acceleration‐deceleration date”, J. Geophys. Res., DOI:
10.1002/2015JC010716
NAME, First Name: MARCOS, Marta
Affiliation: University of the Balearic Islands, Spain
Role in the project: Co‐leader, expertise in sea level observations from tide gauges and
altimetry, sea level data analyses and reconstructions
Current position: Lecturer, Department of Physics
Former Position(s): Postdoctoral researcher at IMEDEA (Spanish Research Council & University
of the Balearic Islands)
Education: PhD in Physics (2004) at the University of the Balearic Islands
Services in National and/or International Committees (last ones): MedCLIVAR Steering
Committee (since 2012), EuroGOOS Tide Gauges Task Team (since 2015), Chief Editor in
Frontiers in Marine Science, Specialty on Coastal Ocean Processes (since 2016).
Honors: : “Ramón y Cajal” Fellowship (2009); MedCLIVAR Young Scientist Award (2011)
Selected Publications:
P.L. Woodworth, J.R. Hunter, M. Marcos, P. Caldwell, M. Menéndez, I. Haigh (in press)
Towards a global sea level data set. Geoscience Data Journal. doi: 10.1002/gdj3.42
M. Marcos, B. Marzeion, S. Dangendorf, A. Slangen, H. Palanisamy, L. Fenoglio (2017).
Internal variability versus anthropogenic forcing on sea level and its components. Surveys in
Geophysics, 38, doi: 10.1007/s10712‐016‐9373‐3
Guy Woppelmann, Marta Marcos (2016). Considering vertical land motion in understanding
sea level change and variability. Reviews of Geophysics, 54, doi:10.1002/2015RG000502
Marta Marcos, Francisco M. Calafat, Angel Berihuete, Sönke Dangendorf (2015). Long term
variations in global sea level extremes. Journal of Geophysical Research‐Oceans, 120, doi
10.1002/2015JC011173
S. Dangendorf, M. Marcos, A. Müller, E. Zorita, R. Riva, K. Berk, J. Jensen (2015) Detecting
anthropogenic footprints in sea level rise, Nature Communications, 6:7849,
doi:10.1038/ncomms8849
M. Marcos (2015). Ocean bottom pressure variability in the Mediterranean Sea and its
relationship with sea level from a numerical model. Global and Planetary Change, 124, doi:
10.1016/j.gloplacha.2014.11.009
Marta Marcos, Angel Amores (2014) Quantifying anthropogenic and natural contributions
to thermosteric sea level rise. Geophysical Research Letters, 41, doi:10.1002/2014GL059766.
Marta Marcos, Bernat Puyol, Francisco M. Calafat, Guy Woppelmann (2013) Sea level
changes at Tenerife Island (NE Tropical Atlantic) since 1927. Journal of Geophysical Research‐
Oceans, 118, doi:10.1002/jgrc.20377
M. Marcos; M.N. Tsimplis; F.M. Calafat (2012) Inter‐annual and decadal sea level variations
in the North‐western Pacific marginal seas. Progress in Oceanography, 105, doi:
10.1016/j.pocean.2012.04.010
NAME, First Name: ANDERSEN, Ole Baltazar
Affiliation: Danish National Space Center/DTU Space, Denmark
Role in the project: expertise in sea level observations from tide gauges and altimetry, Arctic
altimetry and sea level reconstructions
Current position: Senior reserach scientist (Responsible for section “Marine remote sensing”)
Former Position(s): Research scientist KMS geodetic division (1995‐1998), Senior research
scientist at KMS (1998‐2004)
Education: Masters in Geophysics, University of Arhus (1992); PhD in Geophysics, University of
Copenhagen (1996)
Services in National and/or International Committees (last ones): Member of the science
working team for Jason‐1, Jason‐2, and GRACE; Member of Science Advisory Group for ESA,
GPS, and GNSS mission GEROS (Launch, 2019); Chair of GMES Sentinel‐3 Calibration and
Validation Team, and Quality Working Team; Appointed lecturer for the Int. Assoc. Of
Geodesy: Buenos Aires (2009) and St. Petersburg (2011)
Honors: Inge Lehhmans Grant to work with the University of Tasmania (1997); Danish
Reserach Agency Grant to work as guest scientist at NASA, GSFC (2004)
Selected Publications:
Andersen,O. B. Cheng, Y. (2013) Long term changes of altimeter range and geophysical
corrections at altimetry calibration sites, Advances in Space Research (ISSN: 0273‐1177) (DOI:
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.asr.2012.11.027), vol: 51, issue: 8, pages: 1468‐1477
Andersen, O.B. P. Knudsen and P. Berry (2010) Recent Development in High Resolution
Global Altimetric Gravity Field Modeling, The Leading Edge, ISSN: 1070‐485X, vol: 29, issue: 5,
pages: 540‐545.
Andersen O. B, Knudsen P (2009) The DNSC08 mean sea surface and mean dynamic
topography. J. Geophys. Res., 114, C11, doi:10.1029/2008JC005179
Andersen, O. B., Olesen, A.V. Forsberg, R. Strykowski, G. Cordua, K. S. Zhang, X. (2010)
Ocean Dynamic Topography from GPS ‐ Galathea‐3 First results , Gravity, Geoid and Earth
Observation (ISBN: 978‐3‐642‐10633‐0), pages: 239‐346, Springer Verlag, Heidelberg, Germany
Andersen, O. B., Krogh, P. E. Bauer‐Gottwein, P. Leiriao, S. Smith, R. Berry, P. (2010)
Terrestrial Water Storage from GRACE and Satellite Altimetry in the Okavango Delta
(Botswana) Gravity, Geoid and Earth Observation (ISBN: 978‐3‐642‐10633‐0), pages: 521‐526,
2011, Springer Verlag, Heidelberg, Germany
Andersen, O. B., P. Knudsen and P. Berry (2010) The DNSC08GRA global marine gravity field
from double retracked satellite altimetry, Journal of Geodesy, Volume 84, Number 3, DOI:
10.1007/s00190‐009‐0355‐9
Limkilde Svendsen, P., O. B. Andersen, and A. Aasbjerg Nielsen (2016), Stable reconstruction
of Arctic sea level for the 1950–2010 period, J. Geophys. Res. Oceans, 121, 5697–5710,
doi:10.1002/2016JC011685.
NAME, First Name: MIR CALAFAT, Francisco
Affiliation: National Oceanography Centre, Liverpool, Unites Kingdom
Role in the project: Dr. Calafat will produce one of the various sea level reconstructions using a
reduced space optimal interpolation, and will assess its performance.
Current position: Senior Scientist
Former Position(s):
2014‐2016 Ocean Altimetry Research Scientist, National Oceanography Centre, UK.
2013‐2014 Marie Curie Postdoctoral Research Fellow, National Oceanography Centre, UK.
2011‐2013 Marie Curie Postdoctoral Research Fellow, University of South Florida, USA.
2010‐2011 Postdoctoral Researcher, University of the Balearic Islands, Spain.
Education: PhD in Physics (2006‐2010), University of the Balearic Islands, Spain.
BSc in Physics (1997‐2001), University of the Balearic Islands, Spain.
Honors: Marie Curie Postdoctoral International Outgoing Fellowship (IOF) for Career
Development (3 years). University of South Florida, USA / National Oceanography Centre, UK.
Award: €247,586. Funded by the European Union.
Selected Publications:
Calafat, F.M., P. Cipollini, J. Bouffard, H. Snaith, P. Féménias (2017), Evaluation of new
CryoSat‐2 products over the ocean, Remote Sens. Environ., 191, 131‐144.
Calafat, F.M., D.P. Chambers, M.N. Tsimplis (2014), On the ability of global sea level
reconstructions to determine trends and variability, J. Geophys. Res., 119, 1572‐1592.
Calafat, F.M., D.P. Chambers (2013), Quantifying recent acceleration in sea level unrelated
to internal climate variability, Geophys. Res. Lett., 40, 3661–3666.
Calafat, F.M., D.P. Chambers, M.N. Tsimplis (2013), Inter‐annual to decadal sea‐level
variability in the coastal zones of the Norwegian and Siberian Seas: the role of atmospheric
forcing, J. Geophys. Res. Oceans, 118, 1287‐1301.
Calafat, F.M., D.P. Chambers, M.N. Tsimplis (2012), Mechanisms of decadal sea level
variability in the eastern North Atlantic and the Mediterranean Sea, J. Geophys. Res., 117,
C09022.
Calafat, F.M., G. Jordà, M. Marcos, D. Gomis (2012), Comparison of Mediterranean sea level
variability as given by three baroclinic models, J. Geophys. Res., 117, C02009.
Calafat, F.M., G. Jordà (2011), A Mediterranean sea level reconstruction (1950‐2008) with
error budget estimates, Global Planet. Change, 79, 118‐133.
Meyssignac, B., F.M. Calafat, S. Somot, V. Rupolo, P. Stocchi, W. Llovel, A. Cazenave (2011),
Two‐dimensional reconstruction of the Mediterranean sea level over 1970 – 2006 from tide
gauge data and Ocean circulation model outputs, Global Planet. Change, 77, 49‐61.
Calafat, F.M., D. Gomis, M. Marcos (2009), Comparison of Mediterranean sea level fields
for the period 1961‐2000 as given by a data reconstruction and a 3D model, Global Planet.
Change, 68, 175‐184.
Calafat, F.M., D. Gomis (2009), Reconstruction of Mediterranean sea level fields for the
period 1945‐2000, Global Planet. Change, 66, 225‐234.
NAME, First Name: GEHRELS, Roland
Affiliation: University of York, United Kingdom
Role in the project: Palaeo sea‐level reconstructions
Current position: Professor in Physical Geography (since 2013)
Former Position(s): Professor of Physical Geography, University of Plymouth (2007‐2013),
Reader in Sea‐Level Studies, University of Plymouth (2004‐2007), Principal Lecturer in
Geography, University of Plymouth (2001‐2004), Senior Lecturer in Geography (1996‐2001),
Lecturer in Geography, University of Plymouth (1995‐1996), Postdoctoral Fellow, University of
Durham (1994‐1995).
Education: PhD, Geology, University of Maine (USA), 1994; MSc, Quaternary Geology, Vrije
Universiteit, The Netherlands, 1989.
Services in National and/or International Committees (last ones): NERC Peer Review College
(2012 – present); Marine Geology Editorial Board (2002 – present); PALSEA (PAGES/INQUA)
Steering Committee (2010‐present); NERC Radiocarbon Steering Committee (2010‐2016);
President INQUA Commission on Coastal and Marine Processes (2011‐2015); UK National
Correspondent UNESCO IGCP Projects 495 (2004‐2009) and 588 (2010‐2011); Chair North and
West Europe Working Group, INQUA Commission on Coastal and Marine Processes (2007‐
2011); Contributing author IPCC AR5 WG1, Chapter 13, Sea‐Level Change.
Honors: >60 invited and keynote lectures
Selected Publications:
Kopp, R.E., Kemp, A.C., Bittermann, K., Horton, B.P., Donnelly, J.P., Gehrels, W.R., Hay, C.C., Mitrovica, J.X., Morrow, E.D., Rahmstorf, S., 2016. Temperature‐driven global sea‐level variability in the Common Era, Proceedings of the Natural Academy of Sciences, doi:10.1073/pnas.1517056113.
Gehrels, W.R., Shennan, I, 2015. Sea level in space and time: revolutions and inconvenient truths. Journal of Quaternary Science 30, 131‐143.
Saher, M.H., Gehrels, W.R., Barlow, N.L.M., Long, A.J., Haigh, I.D., Blaauw, M., 2015. A 600 year multiproxy record of sea‐level change and the influence of the North Atlantic Oscillation. Quaternary Science Reviews 108, 23‐36.
Gehrels, W.R. and Woodworth, P.L., 2013. When did modern rates of sea‐level rise start? Global and Planetary Change 100, 263‐277.
Gehrels, W.R., Callard, S.L., Moss, P.T., Marshall, W.A., Blaauw, M., Hunter, J., Milton, J.A., Garnett, M.H., 2012. Nineteenth and twentieth century sea‐level changes in Tasmania and New Zealand. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 315‐316, 94‐102.
Milne, G.A., Gehrels, W.R., Hughes, C.W., Tamisiea, M.E., 2009. Identifying the causes of sea‐level change. Nature Geoscience 2, 471‐478, doi:10.1038/NGEO544.
NAME, First Name: HAMLINGTON, Benjamin
Affiliation: Old Dominion University
Role in the project: Sea level reconstructions using cyclostationary empirical orthogonal functions
Current position: Assistant Professor, Ocean, Earth, and Atmospheric Sciences Department, Old Dominion University, 2014‐Present
Former Position(s): Research Scientist II, Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, Boulder, CO, 2013‐2014
Education:
2007‐2011: Doctor of Philosophy in Aerospace Engineering Sciences, University of Colorado at Boulder
2006‐2007: Master of Science in Mechanical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis
2002‐2007: Bachelor of Science in Aerospace Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis
Services in National and/or International Committees (last ones): Member of NASA Sea Level Rise Science Team (2014‐present); Member of NASA Ocean Surface Topography Science Team (2011‐present)
Honors: Early Career Distinguished Research Award, 2016, Old Dominion University
Selected Publications:
Hamlington, B. D., P.R. Thompson, W. C. Hammond, G. Blewitt, and R. D. Ray, 2016: Assessing the impact of vertical land motion on twentieth century global mean sea level estimates, J. Geophys. Res. Oceans, 121, 4980–4993.
Hamlington, B. D., S. H. Cheon, P. R. Thompson, M. A. Merrifield, R. S. Nerem, R. R. Leben, and K.‐Y. Kim, 2016: An ongoing shift in Pacific Ocean sea level, J. Geophys. Res. Oceans, 121, 5084–5097.
Hamlington, B. D., Leben, R.R., Kim, K.‐Y., Nerem, R.S., Atkinson, L.P., Thompson, P.R. 2015: The effect of the El Niño‐Southern Oscillation on U.S. regional and coastal sea level, J. Geophys. Res. Oceans, 120, 3970–3986.
Hamlington, B. D., and P. R. Thompson, 2015: Considerations for estimating the 20th century trend in global mean sea level. Geophys. Res. Lett., 42, 4102–4109.
Hamlington, B.D., Strassburg, M.W., Leben, R.R., Han, W., Nerem, R.S., Kim, K.‐Y., 2014: Uncovering an anthropogenic sea‐level rise signal in the Pacific Ocean, Nat. Clim. Change, 4, 782‐785.
NAME, First Name: HAY, Carling
Affiliation: Department of Earth and Planetry Sciences, Havard University, USA
Role in the project: Benchmark the multi‐model Kalman smoother methodology of Hay et al.
(2015) with synthetic sea‐level observations to better understand the spread in historical
global mean sea level estimates.
Current position: Postdoctoral Fellow Department of Earth and Planetry Sciences at Havard University (since 2012)
Former Position(s): Postdoctoral Fellow Department of Earth and Planetry Sciences at Rutgers University (2014‐2017)
Education:
University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada: Ph.D., Physics, 2012, Thesis Title: The Interaction of Ice Sheets with the Ocean and Atmosphere, Advisors: Prof. G.W.K. Moore and Prof. Jerry X. Mitrovica
McGill University, Montréal, Canada: Bachelor of Science, with Great Distinction, 2006, Physics Major
Selected Publications:
Hay, C., Morrow, E., Kopp, R. E., and J. X. Mitrovica (2016). On the robustness of Bayesian
fingerprinting estimates of global sea‐level change, in press, Journal of Climate.
Hay, C., Lau, H., Gomez, N., Austermann, J., Powell, E., Mitrovica, J. X., Latychev, K., and D.
Wiens (2016). Sea‐level fingerprints in a region of complex Earth structure: The case of WAIS,
Journal of Climate, 30, 1881‐1892.
Kopp, R. E., Kemp, A. C., Bittermann, K., Horton, B. P., Donnelly, J. P., Gehrels, W. R., Hay, C.,
Mitrovica, J. X., Morrow, E., and S. Rahmstorf (2015) Temperature‐driven global sea‐level
variability in the Common Era, PNAS, 113, E1434‐E1441.
Kopp, R. E, Hay, C., Little, C. M, and J. X. Mitrovica (2015). Geographic variability of sea‐level
change, Current Climate Change Reports, 1, 192‐204.
Hay, C., Morrow, E., Kopp, R.E., and J.X. Mitrovica (2015). Probabilistic reanalysis f 20th
century sea‐level rise. Nature, 517, 481‐484.
Mitrovica, J. X., Hay, C., Morrow, E., Kopp, R. E., Dumberry, M., and S. Stanley (2015).
Reconciling past changes in Earth rotation with 20th century global sea‐level rise: resolving
Munk’s enigma, Science Advances, 1, e1500679.
Hay, C., Mitrovica, J. X., Gomez, N., Creveling, J. R., Austermann, J., and R. E. Kopp (2014).
The sea‐level fingerprints of ice‐sheet collapse during interglacial periods. Quaternary Science
Reviews, 87, 60‐69.
Hay, C., Morrow, E., Kopp, R. E., and J. X. Mitrovica (2013). Estimating the sources of global
sea level rise with data assimilation techniques. Proceedings of the National Academy of
Science, 110, 3692‐3699.
Mitrovica, J. X., Gomez, N., Morrow, E., Hay, C., Latychev, K., and M.E. Tamisiea (2011). On
the robustness of predictions of sea‐level fingerprints, Geophysical Journal International,
187, 729‐742.
NAME; First Name: KOPP, Robert
Affiliation: Rutgers University, New Jersey, USA
Role in the project: sea level reconstructions using Gaussian Process Regression, paleo sea level reconstructions
Current position: Rutgers University, Professor, Dept. of Earth and Planetary Sciences (2017‐
present) and Associate Director, Rutgers Energy Institute (2011‐present)
Former Positions: Rutgers University, Associate Professor (2014‐2017) and Assistant Professor
(2011‐2014), Dept. of Earth and Planetary Sciences; U.S. Department of Energy, AAAS Science
& Technology Policy Fellow (2009‐2011); Princeton University, Science, Technology &
Environmental Policy Postdoctoral Research Fellow (2007‐2009)
Education: University of Chicago, S.B., Geophysical Sciences, 2002; California Institute of
Technology, M.S., Geobiology, 2005; California Institute of Technology, Ph.D., Geobiology,
2007
Services in National and/or International Committees (last ones): Lead Author, U.S. Global
Change Research Program Climate Science Special Report (2016‐2018); Committee Member,
National Academies Project on Assessing Approaches to Updating the Social Cost of Carbon
(2015‐2017); Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Contributing Author for Fifth
Assessment Report (AR5) Working Groups 1 and 2 (2011‐2014)
Honors: Rutgers–New Brunswick Chancellor’s Scholar (2015‐); Leopold Leadership Fellow
(2015–2016); International Union for Quaternary Research (INQUA) Sir Nicholas Shackleton
Medal (2015); American Geophysical Union (AGU) William Gilbert Medal (2012); Kavli Fellow
(2012); Award for Special Service, U.S. Department of Energy (2010)
Selected Publications:
R. E. Kopp, A. C. Kemp, K. Bittermann, J. P. Donnelly, W. R. Gehrels, C. C. Hay, J. X. Mitrovica,
E. D. Morrow, S. Rahmstorf, and B. P. Horton (2016). Temperature‐driven global sea‐level
variability in the Common Era. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 113, E1434‐
E1441.
C. C. Hay, E. D. Morrow, R. E. Kopp, and J. X. Mitrovica (2015). Probabilistic reanalysis of
20th century sea‐level rise. Nature 517, 481–484.
R. E. Kopp, R. M. Horton, C. M. Little, J. X. Mitrovica, M. Oppenheimer, D. J. Rasmussen, B.
H. Strauss, and C. Tebaldi (2014). Probabilistic 21st and 22nd century sea‐level projections at a
global network of tide gauge sites. Earth's Future 2: 287–306.
R. E. Kopp, F. J. Simons, J. X. Mitrovica, A. C. Maloof and M. Oppenheimer (2013). A
probabilistic assessment of sea level variations within the Last Interglacial stage. Geophys. J.
Int. 193, 711‐716.
R. E. Kopp, F. J. Simons, J. X. Mitrovica, A. C. Maloof, and M. Oppenheimer (2009).
Probabilistic assessment of sea level during the last interglacial stage. Nature 462: 863‐867.
NAME, first name: RIETBROEK, Roelof
Affiliation : University of Bonn, Institute of Geodesy and Geoinformation
Role in the project: Computation of sea level fingerprints of surface mass loading, and
provision of altimetry data.
Current position: Postdoc, University of Bonn
Former Position(s):
2009 ‐ 2014 Researcher at Bonn University (Astronomical, Physical and
Mathematical Geodesy)
2007 ‐ 2009 Researcher at Section 1.3 Gravity Field and Gravimetry at Helmholtz Centre
Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum (GFZ)
Education:
2014 Phd in Geodesy (Dr.‐Ing) Bonn University
2000 ‐2007 Msc Aerospace Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Netherlands
Services in National and/or International Committees (last ones):
2017‐2018 Union early career representative of the European Geosciences Union
2014‐ Early career representative of the geodesy division of the European Geosciences Union
Honors: 2014, EGU Division Outstanding Young Scientists Award
Selected Publications
Rietbroek, Roelof, S.‐E. Brunnabend, J. Kusche, J. Schröter, and C. Dahle. “Revisiting the Contemporary Sea Level Budget on Global and Regional Scales.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2016, 201519132. doi:10.1073/pnas.1519132113.
Schall, Judith, A. Löcher, J. Kusche, R. Rietbroek, and A. Sudau. “Consistency of Geoid Models, Radar Altimetry, and Hydrodynamic Modelling in the North Sea.” Marine Geodesy, 2016. doi:10.1080/01490419.2016.1152334.
Kusche, J, B Uebbing, R Rietbroek, CK Shum, and ZH Khan. “Sea Level Budget in the Bay of Bengal (2002–2014) from GRACE and Altimetry.” Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 2016. doi:10.1002/2015JC011471.
R. Rietbroek, S. E. Brunnabend, C. Dahle, J. Kusche, F. Flechtner, J. Schröter, and R. Timmermann. Changes in total ocean mass derived from grace, gps, and ocean modeling with weekly resolution. Journal Of Geophysical Research‐Oceans, 114(C11004):C11004, 2009
R. Rietbroek, S. E. Brunnabend, J. Kusche, and J. Schröter. Resolving sea level contributions by identifying fingerprints in time‐variable gravity and altimetry. Journal of Geodynamics, 59:72–81, 2012.
Schrama, E. J.; Wouters, B. & Rietbroek, R. A mascon approach to assess ice sheet and glacier mass balances and their uncertainties from GRACE data. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 2014, 119, 6048–6066
Jensen, L.; Rietbroek, R. & Kusche, J. Land water contribution to sea level from GRACE and Jason measurements Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, Wiley Online Library, 2013
NAME, first name: SANTAMARIA‐GOMEZ, Alavro
Affiliation: University of Toulouse, UPS, France
Role in the project: Vertical land movements from space techniques, data analysis
Current position: Physicien Adjoint (Associate Professor)
Former Position(s): Marie‐Curie Research Fellow (2014‐2016), University of La Rochelle,
France and University of Tasmania, Australia; Research Engineer, National Geographic
Institute, Spain (2010‐2013); Geodetic Engineer, National Geographic Institute, Spain (2006);
Land suveyor, Spain (2002, 2005);
Education: PhD in Geodesy (Doctoral School of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Ile‐de‐France, France Laboratory of Research in Geodesy (LAREG), IGN, France, Dissertation: Estimation of crustal vertical movements with GPS in a geocentric frame, within the framework of the TIGA project); Geodesy and Cartography Engineer (Masters), Technical University of Madrid, Spain (2002‐2004); Land Surveying Technical Engineer (Bachelors), University of Salamanca, Spain (1997‐2001)
Services in National and/or International Committees (last ones): Chairman of IAG Joint
Working Group 3.2 on Constraining vertical land motion of tide gauges (since 2015); Second
IGS reprocessing campaign (2013‐2015); Scientific Responsible of the University of La Rochelle
GPS Analysis Centre
Honors: Young Author Award, International Association of Geodesy (Article: Long‐term vertical
land motion from double‐differenced tide gauge and satellite altimetry data. Alvaro
Santamaría‐Gómez, Médéric Gravelle, Guy Wöppelmann. Journal of Geodesy, 88(3), 207‐222,
2014)
Selected Publications:
Wöppelmann, G., Letetrel, C., Santamaria, A., Bouin, M.‐N., Collilieux, X., Altamimi, Z.,
Williams, S.D.P., Martin Miguez, B. Rates of sea‐level change over the past century in a
geocentric reference frame. (2009) Geophysical Research Letters, 36 (12). Cited 99 times
(Scopus).
Santamaría‐Gómez, A., Bouin, M.‐N., Collilieux, X., Wöppelmann, G. Correlated errors in
GPS position time series: Implications for velocity estimates. (2011) Journal of Geophysical
Research: Solid Earth, 116 (1), B01405. Cited 66 times (Scopus).
Santamaría‐Gómez, A., Gravelle, M., Collilieux, X., Guichard, M., Míguez, B.M., Tiphaneau,
P., Wöppelmann, G. Mitigating the effects of vertical land motion in tide gauge records using a
state‐of‐the‐art GPS velocity field. (2012) Global and Planetary Change, 98‐99, pp. 6‐17. Cited
54 times (Scopus).
Nahmani, S., Bock, O., Bouin, M.‐N., Santamaría‐Gómez, A., Boy, J.‐P., Collilieux, X.,
Métivier, L., Panet, I., Genthon, P., De Linage, C., Wöppelmann, G. Hydrological deformation
induced by the West African Monsoon: Comparison of GPS, GRACE and loading models. (2012)
Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 117 (5), B05409. Cited 20 times (Scopus).
Wöppelmann, G., Le Cozannet, G., De Michele, M., Raucoules, D., Cazenave, A., Garcin, M.,
Hanson, S., Marcos, M., Santamaría‐Gómez, A. Is land subsidence increasing the exposure to
sea level rise in Alexandria, Egypt? (2013) Geophysical Research Letters, 40 (12), pp. 2953‐
2957. Cited 14 times (Scopus).
NAME, First Name: SLANGEN, Aimée
Affiliation: Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research (NIOZ), Department of Estuarine &
Delta Systems (EDS), PO Box 140, 4400 AC Yerseke, The Netherlands
Role in the project: Sea‐level modelling, climate model analysis
Current position: Tenure Track Scientist at NIOZ
Former Position(s): Postdoc at IMAU (Utrecht, Netherlands, 2016‐2017), Postdoc at CSIRO
(Hobart, Australia, 2013‐2016)
Education: PhD at IMAU (Utrecht, Netherlands, awarded Dec. 2012), BSc & MSc Meteorology
(Wageningen University, Netherlands)
Services in National and/or International Committees (last ones): ISSI team on Contemporary
regional and global sea level rise (Benoit Meyssignac); WCRP‐CliC targeted activity on Glacier
Modelling Intercomparison GlacierMIP (Ben Marzeion & Regine Hock).
Honors: SIEF John Stocker Postdoctoral Fellowship (276k AUD, 4% success rate)
Selected Publications:
Slangen, A.B.A., F. Adloff, S. Jevrejeva, P.W. Leclercq, B. Marzeion, Y. Wada and R.
Winkelmann (2017) A review of recent updates of sea level projections at global and regional
scales, Surveys in Geohysics, 38(1), 385‐406, doi: 10.1007/s10712‐016‐9374‐2.
Slangen, A.B.A., J. A. Church, C. Agosta, X. Fettweis, B. Marzeion and K. Richter (2016)
Anthropogenic forcing dominates global mean sea‐level rise since 1970, Nature Climate
Change, 6, 701‐705, doi: 10.1038/NCLIMATE2991.
Slangen, A. B. A., and J. A. Church, X. Zhang and D. Monselesan (2015) The sea‐level
response to external forcings in historical simulations of CMIP5 climate models, Journal of
Climate, 28(21), 8521‐8539, doi: 10.1175/JCLI‐D‐15‐0376.1.
Slangen, A. B. A., and M. Carson, C.A. Katsman, R.S.W. van de Wal, A. Koehl, L.L.A.
Vermeersen and D. Stammer (2014) Projecting twenty‐first century regional sea‐level
changes, Climatic Change, 124, 317‐332, doi: 10.1007/s10584‐014‐1080‐9.
Slangen, A.B.A., C.A. Katsman, R.S.W. van de Wal, L.L.A. Vermeersen and R.E.M. Riva (2012)
Towards regional projections of twenty‐first century sea‐level change based on IPCC SRES
scenarios, Climate Dynamics, 38(5‐6), 1191‐1209, doi: 10.1007/s00382‐011‐1057‐6.
NAME, First Name: THOMPSON, Philip R.
Affiliation: University of Hawaii
Role in the project: Sea level reconstructions using area‐weighting approaches, sea level
processes, tide gauges
Current position: Associate Director of the University of Hawai’i Sea Level Center (since 2014)
Former Position(s): Assisstant Researcher of the University of Hawai’i Sea Level Center (2012‐
2014)
Education: PhD in Physica Oceanography, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA (2012);
B.S. Physics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA (2004)
Services in National and/or International Committees (last ones): Supervises the
maintenance, expansion, and dissemination of the tide gauge sea level datasets and products
provided to the research community by the UHSLC; Tide gauge global mean sea level index for
the Climate.gov Climate Dashboard (https://www.climate.gov/news‐features/understanding‐
climate/climate‐change‐global‐sea‐level); Lead author of the sea level section in the 2016
BAMS State of the Climate Report. Co‐author for 2012‐2015; Session Chair for sea‐level‐related
sessions at 2013‐2015 AGU meetings
Selected Publications:
Thompson, P. R., M. A. Merrifield, J. R. Wells, and C. M. Chang (2014), Wind‐driven coastal
sea level variability in the Northeast Pacific, Journal of Climate, doi:10.1175/JCLI‐D‐13‐00225.1.
Thompson, P. R., G. T. Mitchum (2014). Coherent sea level variability on the North Atlantic
western boundary, Journal of Geophysical Research – Oceans, doi:10.1002/2014JC009999.
Thompson, P. R., and M. A. Merrifield (2014). A unique asymmetry in the pattern of recent
sea level change, Geophysical Research Letters, doi:10.1002/2014GL061263.
Hamlington, B. D., R. R. Leben, K.‐Y. Kim, R. S. Nerem, L. P. Atkinson, P. R. Thompson (2015).
The Effect of the El Niño‐Southern Oscillation on Coastal and Regional Sea Level in the United
States, Journal of Geophysical Research – Oceans, doi:10.1002/2014JC010602.
Hamlington, B. D., P. R. Thompson (2015). Considerations for Estimating the 20th Century
Trend in Global Mean Sea Level, Geophysical Research Letters, doi:10.1002/2015GL064177.
Hamlington, B. D., S. H. Cheon, P. R. Thompson, M. A. Merrifield, R. S. Nerem, R. R. Leben,
and K.‐Y. Kim (2016), An ongoing shift in Pacific Ocean sea level, Journal of Geophysical
Research – Oceans, doi:10.1002/2016JC011815.
Hamlington, B. D., P. R. Thompson, W. C. Hammond, G. Blewitt, and R. D. Ray (2016),
Assessing the impact of vertical land motion on 20th century global mean sea level estimates,
Journal of Geophysical Research – Oceans, doi:10.1002/2016JC011747.
Thompson, P. R., C. G. Piecuch, M. A. Merrifield, J. P. McCreary, E. Firing (2016). Forcing of
recent decadal variability in the Equatorial and North Indian Ocean, Journal of Geophysical
Research – Oceans, doi:10.1002/2016JC012132.
Thompson, P. R., B. D. Hamlington, F. W. Landerer (2016). Are long tide gauge records in the
wrong place to measure global sea level rise?, Geophysical Research Letters,
doi:10.1002/2016GL070552.
NAME, First Name: WÖPPELMANN, Guy
Affiliation: University of La Rochelle, France
Role in the project: Vertical land movements from space techniques, long records from tide
gauges, data analysis
Current position: Full Professor (permanent position)
Former Position(s): Associate Professor (2007‐2012)
Education: PhD in space geodesy from the “Observatoire de Paris”, France.
Services in National and/or International Committees (last ones): Chair of the science
steering group of the Global sea level observing program (GLOSS) under the Intergovernmental
Oceanographic Commission of UNESCO (since 2012).
Selected Publications:
Wöppelmann G. & M. Marcos (2016). Vertical land motion as a key to understanding sea
level change and variability. Reviews of Geophysics, 54, 64‐92.
Wöppelmann G., M. Marcos, A. Santamaria‐Gomez, et al. (2014). Evidence for a differential
sea level rise between hemispheres over the twentieth century. Geophysical Research Letters,
41, 1639‐1643.
Wöppelmann G., M. Marcos, A. Coulomb, et al. (2014). Rescue of the historical sea level
record of Marseille (France) from 1885 to 1988, and its extension back to 1849‐1851. Journal
of Geodesy, 88, 869‐885.
Wöppelmann G., Le Cozannet, M. De Michele, et al. (2013). Is land subsidence increasing
the exposure to sea level rise in Alexandria, Egypt? Geophysical Research Letters, 40, 2953‐
2957.
Further details in http://lienss.univ‐larochelle.fr/Guy‐Woppelmann‐1337
NAME, First Name: ZORITA, Eduardo
Affiliation: Institute of Coastal Research, Helmholtz‐Zentrum Geesthacht (HZG)
Role in the project: Provide simulated sea‐level data from millennial paleo‐climate
simulations.; design
Present position: Senior Scientist at HZG
Former Position(s): Post‐doc scientist at University Pierre et Marie Curie (Paris, 1994‐1995);
post‐doc scientist at Max‐Planck‐Institute for Meteorology (Hamburg, 1989‐1993)
Education: Degree in Physics( University Zaragoza, Spain, 1984), doctorate in Solid State
Physics (U. Zaragoza, 1988)
Services in National and/or International Committees (last ones): Past Global Changes 2K
Euro‐Mediterranean Working group
Honors: Bert‐Bolin Fellow University of Stockholm
Selected Publications:
Hünicke B and Zorita E. Statistical analysis of the acceleration of Baltic mean sea‐level rise,
1900‐2012. Frontiers Marine Sciences, doi:10.3389/fmars.2016.00125 (2016)
Gagen M., Zorita E., McCarroll D., Zahn M., Young G., Robertson I. North Atlantic summer
storm tracks over Europe dominated by internal variability over the past millennium. Nature
Geosciences 9, 630‐637. doi:10.1038/ngeo2752 (2016)
Ljungqvist F.C., Krusic P.J., Sundqvist H.S., Zorita E.,Brattström G. and Frank D. Northern
Hemisphere hydroclimate variability over the past twelve centuries. Nature 532, 94–98
doi:10.1038/nature17418 (2016)
Ocaña V., Zorita E., and Heimbach P. Stochastic secular trends in sea level rise. J. of
Geophys. Res., 121, 2183–2202 DOI: 10.1002/2015JC011301 (2016)
Dangendorf S., Marcos M., Müller A., Zorita E., Riva R., Berk. K., Jensen J. Detecting
anthropogenic footprints in sea level rise. Nature Communications 6,
doi:10.1038/ncomms8849 (2015)
Dangendorf S, Rybski D, Murdersbach C, Müller A. Kaufmann, Zorita E, Jensen J. Evidence
for long‐term memory in sea level. Geophys. Res. Lett. 41, 5530‐5537,
doi:10.1002/2014GL060538 (2014)
von Storch, H. von, E. Zorita, J. M. Jones, Y. Dmitriev. F. González and S. F. B. Tett.
Reconstructing past climate from noisy data. Science 306, 679‐682 (2004)
List of Participants ISSI International Team Proposal:
Name Institution email Address Telephone Fax
Sönke Dangendorf University of Siegen soenke.dangendorf@uni‐siegen.de Paul‐Bonatz‐Str. 9‐11, 57076 Siegen, Germany +49 271 740 2518 +49 271 740 2722
Marta Marcos IMEDEA marta.marcos@uib.es Miquel Marques 21, 07190 Esporles, Spain +34 971611337 +34 971611761
Roland Gehrels University of York roland.gehrels@york.ac.uk Wenworth Way, Heslington, York, UK, Y010 5NG +44 1904 324376 +44 1904 322998
Robert Kopp Rutgers University Robert.Kopp@rutgers.edu Civic Square Building, Rm. 248, Bloustein School
of Planning & Public Policy, 33 Livingston Ave.,
New Brunswick, NJ, USA
+1 7322002705 ‐
Eduardo Zorita HZG eduardo.zorita@hzg.de Max‐Planck‐Straße 1, 21502 Geesthacht,
Germany
+49 4152 87‐1856 +49 4152 87‐1888
Francisco Calafat NOC, PSMSL Francisco.Calafat@noc.ac.uk 6 Brownlow Street, Liverpool, Merseyside, L3
5DA, UK
+44 151 795 4971 ‐
Roelof Rietbroek University of Bonn roelof@geod.uni‐bonn.de Schmittenpfädchen 40, 53121, Bonn, Germany +49 22873‐3577 +49 22873‐3029
Ole Anderson DTU oa@space.dtu.dk Elektrovej bldg 327, DK‐2800 Lyngby, Denmark +45 41562653 ‐
Aimee Slangen NIOZ aimee.slangen@gmail.com Landsdiep 4, 1797 SZ 't Horntje (Texel),
Netherlands
+31 113 577 300 ‐
Phil Thompson University of Hawaii, UHSLC philiprt@hawaii.edu 1000 Pope Road, MSB 317, Honolulu, HI 96822 +1 808 956‐6574 ‐
Ben Hamlington Old Dominion University bhamling@odu.edu 406 OCEANOGRAPHY&PHYSICS BLDG, Norfolk,
VA 23529, USA
+1 757‐683‐5972 ‐
Carling Hay Havard & Rutgers University carlinghay@fas.harvard.edu 20 Oxford St., Cambridge, MA, 02144, USA +1 617 496 3835 ‐
Guy Wöppelmann University of La Rochelle guy.woppelmann@univ‐lr.fr Bâtiment ILE ‐ Laboratoire LIENSs, 2 rue Olympe de Gouges, F‐17000 La Rochelle, France
+33‐5‐46‐45‐86‐13 ‐
Alvaro Santamaria
Gomez
University of La Rochelle alvaro.santamaria@univ‐lr.fr 14 avenue Edouard Belin, F‐31400 Toulouse,
France
+33 5 61 33 46 16 ‐
Chris Piecuch AER cpiecuch@aer.com 131 Hartwell Avenue, Lexington, MA 02421, USA + 1 781‐761‐2349 ‐
Thomas Frederikse TU Delft T.Frederikse@tudelft.nl Stevinweg 1, 2628CN Delft, Netherlands +31 15 27 86 125 +31 15 27 87 966
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