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1
Traditional Logic II
Martin Cothran
Instructor
Enthymemes
Abbreviated syllogisms
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Enthymemes
What is an enthymeme?Three kinds of enthymemesHow to Use Enthymemes
ReviewExercises
Enthymemes
What is an enthymeme?Three kinds of enthymemesHow to Use Enthymemes
ReviewExercises
3
Enthymemes
What is an enthymeme?Three kinds of enthymemesHow to Use Enthymemes
ReviewExercises
Enthymemes
What is an enthymeme?Three kinds of enthymemesHow to Use Enthymemes
ReviewExercises
4
Enthymemes
What is an enthymeme?Three kinds of enthymemesHow to Use Enthymemes
ReviewExercises
Enthymemes
What is an enthymeme?Three kinds of enthymemesHow to Use Enthymemes
ReviewExercises
5
Enthymemes
What is an enthymeme?Three kinds of enthymemesHow to Use Enthymemes
Review
What is an enthymeme?
An enthymeme is a syllogism that is missing either a premise or the
conclusion
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What is an enthymeme?
Taking an innocent human life is wrong
Abortion takes an innocent human life
Therefore, abortion is wrong
What is an enthymeme?
Abortion takes an innocent human life
Therefore, abortion is wrong
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Enthymemes
What is an enthymeme?Three kinds of enthymemesHow to Use Enthymemes
Review
Enthymemes
What is an enthymeme?Three kinds of enthymemesHow to Use Enthymemes
Review
8
The three kinds of enthymemes
1st Order Enthymemes2nd Order Enthymemes3rd Order Enthymemes
The three kinds of enthymemes
1st Order Enthymemes2nd Order Enthymemes3rd Order Enthymemes
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The three kinds of enthymemes
1st Order Enthymemes2nd Order Enthymemes3rd Order Enthymemes
The three kinds of enthymemes
1st Order Enthymemes2nd Order Enthymemes3rd Order Enthymemes
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First Order Enthymemes
An enthymeme that is missing the major premise
First Order Enthymemes
Taking an innocent human life is wrong
Abortion takes an innocent human life
Therefore, abortion is wrong
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First Order Enthymemes
Taking an innocent human life is wrong
Abortion takes an innocent human life
Therefore, abortion is wrong
First Order Enthymemes
Abortion takes an innocent human life
Therefore, abortion is wrong
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The three kinds of enthymemes
1st Order Enthymemes2nd Order Enthymemes3rd Order Enthymemes
The three kinds of enthymemes
1st Order Enthymemes2nd Order Enthymemes3rd Order Enthymemes
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Second Order Enthymemes
An enthymeme that is missing the minor premise
Second Order Enthymemes
Knights are brave
Therefore, Lancelot is brave
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Second Order Enthymemes
Knights are brave
Lancelot is a knight
Therefore, Lancelot is brave
The three kinds of enthymemes
1st Order Enthymemes2nd Order Enthymemes3rd Order Enthymemes
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The three kinds of enthymemes
1st Order Enthymemes2nd Order Enthymemes3rd Order Enthymemes
Third Order Enthymemes
An enthymeme that is missing the conclusion
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Third Order Enthymemes
Philosophers are intelligent
Socrates is a philosopher
Third Order Enthymemes
Philosophers are intelligent
Socrates is a philosopher
Therefore, Socrates is intelligent
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Enthymemes
What is an enthymeme?Three kinds of enthymemesHow to Use Enthymemes
Review
Enthymemes
What is an enthymeme?Three kinds of enthymemesHow to Use Enthymemes
Review
18
How to Use Enthymemes
Point out the missing premise yourselfAsk your opponent to state the missing
premise
How to Use Enthymemes
Point out the missing premise yourselfAsk your opponent to state the missing
premise
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How to Use Enthymemes
Point out the missing premise yourselfAsk your opponent to state the missing
premise
How to Use Enthymemes
Obscenity is a form of expressionTherefore obscenity is protected by the
First Amendment
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How to Use Enthymemes
All expression is protected by the First Amendment
Obscenity is a form of expressionTherefore obscenity is protected by the
First Amendment
Enthymemes
What is an enthymeme?Three kinds of enthymemesHow to Use Enthymemes
Review
21
Enthymemes
What is an enthymeme?Three kinds of enthymemesHow to Use Enthymemes
Review
What is an enthymeme?
An enthymeme is a syllogism that is missing either a premise or the
conclusion
22
The three kinds of enthymemes
1st Order Enthymemes2nd Order Enthymemes3rd Order Enthymemes
The three kinds of enthymemes
1st Order Enthymemes2nd Order Enthymemes3rd Order Enthymemes
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The three kinds of enthymemes
1st Order Enthymemes2nd Order Enthymemes3rd Order Enthymemes
The three kinds of enthymemes
1st Order Enthymemes2nd Order Enthymemes3rd Order Enthymemes
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How to Use Enthymemes
Point out the missing premise yourselfAsk your opponent to state the missing
premise
Enthymemes
Exercises
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Enthymemes
Exercise 12.
Exercise 12.
Abortion is the taking of an innocent life
Abortion is wrong
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Exercise 12.
AbortionS is the taking of an innocent life
AbortionS is wrongP
Exercise 12.
AbortionS is the taking of an innocent lifeM
AbortionS is wrongP
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Exercise 12.
AbortionS is the taking of an innocent lifeM
AbortionS is wrongP
Exercise 12.
The taking of an innocent lifeM is __________P
AbortionS is the taking of an innocent lifeM
AbortionS is wrongP
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Exercise 12.
The taking of an innocent lifeM is wrongP
AbortionS is the taking of an innocent lifeM
AbortionS is wrongP
Exercise 12.
The taking of an innocent lifeM is wrongP
AbortionS is the taking of an innocent lifeM
AbortionS is wrongP
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How to Extrapolate an Enthymeme
1. Identify to which order the enthymeme belongs
2. Identify the terms
3. Put the propositions into proper logical form
4. Derive the missing proposition
How to Extrapolate an Enthymeme
1. Identify the terms
2. Put the propositions into proper logical form
3. Derive the missing proposition
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How to Extrapolate an Enthymeme
1. Identify the terms
2. Put the propositions into proper logical form
3. Derive the missing proposition
How to Extrapolate an Enthymeme
1. Identify the terms
2. Put the propositions into proper logical form
3. Derive the missing proposition
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Exercise 12.
Animals are not the same as human beings
Therefore, animals should not have the same rights as humans.
Exercise 12.
AnimalsS are not the same as human beingsM
Therefore, animalsS should not have the same rights as humansP.
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Exercise 12.
AnimalsS are not the same as human beingsM
Therefore, animalsS should not have the same rights as humansP.
Exercise 12.
AnimalsS are not the same as human beingsM
Therefore, animalsS should not have the same rights as humansP.
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Exercise 12.
No animalS is a human beingM
Therefore, animalsS should not have the same rights as humansP.
Exercise 12.
No animalS is a human beingM
Therefore, no animalS should have the same rights as a humanP.
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BARBARA, CELARENT, DARII, FERIOqueprioris;
CESARE, CAMESTRES, FESTINO, BAROCO secundae;
Tertia; DARAPTI, DISAMIS, DATISI, FELAPTON, BOCARDO, FERISON habet;
Quarta insuper addit; BRAMANTIP, CAMENES, DIMARIS, FESAPO, FRESISON
BARBARA, CELARENT, DARII, FERIOqueprioris;
CESARE, CAMESTRES, FESTINO, BAROCO secundae;
Tertia; DARAPTI, DISAMIS, DATISI, FELAPTON, BOCARDO, FERISON habet;
Quarta insuper addit; BRAMANTIP, CAMENES, DIMARIS, FESAPO, FRESISON
35
Exercise 12.
No animalS is a human beingM
Therefore, no animalS should have the same rights as a humanP.
Exercise 12.
All things that should have the same rights as humansP are human beingsM
No animalS is a human beingM
Therefore, no animalS should have the same rights as a humanP.
36
Exercise 16.
Put each of the two major premises or conclusion into proper logical form
Supply the missing premise or conclusion
Tell what kind of enthymeme it is
Give the figure of the resulting complete syllogism
Give the name of the mood
Exercise 16.
Put each of the two major premises or conclusion into proper logical form
Supply the missing premise or conclusion
Tell what kind of enthymeme it is
Give the figure of the resulting complete syllogism
Give the name of the mood
37
Exercise 16.
Put each of the two major premises or conclusion into proper logical form
Supply the missing premise or conclusion
Tell what kind of enthymeme it is
Give the figure of the resulting complete syllogism
Give the name of the mood
Exercise 16.
Put each of the two major premises or conclusion into proper logical form
Supply the missing premise or conclusion
Tell what kind of enthymeme it is
Give the figure of the resulting complete syllogism
Give the name of the mood
38
Exercise 16.
Put each of the two major premises or conclusion into proper logical form
Supply the missing premise or conclusion
Tell what kind of enthymeme it is
Give the figure of the resulting complete syllogism
Give the name of the mood
Exercise 16.
Put each of the two major premises or conclusion into proper logical form
Supply the missing premise or conclusion
Tell what kind of enthymeme it is
Give the figure of the resulting complete syllogism
Give the name of the mood
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Exercise 16.
Knowing this first, that no prophecy of the scripture is of any private interpretation. For the prophecy came not in old time by the will of man: but holy men of God spake as they
were moved by the Holy Spirit
Exercise 16.
Knowing this first, that no prophecy of the scripture is of any private interpretation. Forthe prophecy came not in old time by the will of man: but holy men of God spake as they
were moved by the Holy Spirit
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Exercise 16.
Knowing this first, that no prophecy of the scripture is of any private interpretation. For the prophecy came not in old time by the will of man: but holy men of God spake as they
were moved by the Holy Spirit
Exercise 16.
All prophecy of the Scripture comes from the Holy Spirit
No prophecy of the Scripture is of private interpretation.
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Exercise 16.
All prophecy of the Scripture S comes from the Holy SpiritM
No prophecy of the ScriptureS is of private interpretationP
Exercise 16.
All prophecy of the Scripture S comes from the Holy SpiritM
No prophecy of the ScriptureS is of private interpretationP
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Exercise 16.
All prophecy of the Scripture S comes from the Holy SpiritM
No prophecy of the ScriptureS is of private interpretationP
Exercise 16.
All prophecy of the Scripture S comes from the Holy SpiritM
No prophecy of the ScriptureS is of private interpretationP
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Exercise 16.
All prophecy of the Scripture S comes from the Holy SpiritM
No prophecy of the ScriptureS is of private interpretationP
BARBARA, CELARENT, DARII, FERIOqueprioris;
CESARE, CAMESTRES, FESTINO, BAROCO secundae;
Tertia; DARAPTI, DISAMIS, DATISI, FELAPTON, BOCARDO, FERISON habet;
Quarta insuper addit; BRAMANTIP, CAMENES, DIMARIS, FESAPO, FRESISON
44
BARBARA, CELARENT, DARII, FERIOqueprioris;
CESARE, CAMESTRES, FESTINO, BAROCO secundae;
Tertia; DARAPTI, DISAMIS, DATISI, FELAPTON, BOCARDO, FERISON habet;
Quarta insuper addit; BRAMANTIP, CAMENES, DIMARIS, FESAPO, FRESISON
Exercise 16.
No _______________________M is __________ ____________________P.
All prophecy of the ScriptureS comes from the Holy SpiritM
No prophecy of the ScriptureS is of private interpretationP
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Exercise 16.
No (or some…not) ___________________M is __________ ____________________P.
All prophecy of the ScriptureS comes from the Holy SpiritM
No prophecy of the ScriptureS is of private interpretationP
Exercise 16.
No ______________________M is __________ ____________________P.
All prophecy of the ScriptureS comes from the Holy SpiritM
No prophecy of the ScriptureS is of private interpretationP
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BARBARA, CELARENT, DARII, FERIOqueprioris;
CESARE, CAMESTRES, FESTINO, BAROCO secundae;
Tertia; DARAPTI, DISAMIS, DATISI, FELAPTON, BOCARDO, FERISON habet;
Quarta insuper addit; BRAMANTIP, CAMENES, DIMARIS, FESAPO, FRESISON
BARBARA, CELARENT, DARII, FERIOqueprioris;
CESARE, CAMESTRES, FESTINO, BAROCO secundae;
Tertia; DARAPTI, DISAMIS, DATISI, FELAPTON, BOCARDO, FERISON habet;
Quarta insuper addit; BRAMANTIP, CAMENES, DIMARIS, FESAPO, FRESISON
47
BARBARA, CELARENT, DARII, FERIOqueprioris;
CESARE, CAMESTRES, FESTINO, BAROCO secundae;
Tertia; DARAPTI, DISAMIS, DATISI, FELAPTON, BOCARDO, FERISON habet;
Quarta insuper addit; BRAMANTIP, CAMENES, DIMARIS, FESAPO, FRESISON
BARBARA, CELARENT, DARII, FERIOqueprioris;
CESARE, CAMESTRES, FESTINO, BAROCO secundae;
Tertia; DARAPTI, DISAMIS, DATISI, FELAPTON, BOCARDO, FERISON habet;
Quarta insuper addit; BRAMANTIP, CAMENES, DIMARIS, FESAPO, FRESISON
48
Exercise 16.
All prophecy of the Scripture S comes from the Holy SpiritM
No prophecy of the ScriptureS is of private interpretationP
Exercise 16.
No thing that comes from the Holy SpiritM is of private interpretationP.
All prophecy of the ScriptureS comes from the Holy SpiritM
No prophecy of the ScriptureS is of private interpretationP
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Traditional Logic II
Martin Cothran
Instructor
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