transforming tuna fisheries in the pacific: a public briefing
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8/22/2019 Transforming Tuna Fisheries in the Pacific: A Public Briefing
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A Public Briefng
Transorming TunaFisheries in the Pacifc
August 2013
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Tuna Fisheries in the PacifcThe Western and Central Pacic has the worldslargest and richest tuna shery. It supplies over60% o all tuna consumed globally.
The value o tuna sourced rom this region is over$5.5 billion annually. Unortunately, most o theprots are not reaching the small island economiesrom which the tuna is sourced. This is due tothe domination by oreign industrial shing feetsoperating in the Western and Central Pacic Ocean.
These feets give paltry returns back to PacicIsland countries in the orm o access ees andtake away the bulk o the earnings.
Most o the tuna fshing has been done by oreign
vessels paying access ees to island countries to
catch fsh in their waters. Those ees usually amount
to a mere 5-6% o the landed value o the fsh.
The need or transormationThere is increasing support among Pacic Islandcountries to transorm the regions tuna sheries toan alternative model. This model would see morelocals and communities participate in the sheriesand associated activities thus providing more jobs,livelihoods and socio-economic benets or the region.Over the last 50 years, the regions tuna shery hasbeen dominated by large industrial feets rom theEuropean Union, Japan, Taiwan, China, Korea and theUnited States. These feets have robbed the Pacic oits wealth and driven tuna stocks down and catches
up to unsustainable levels. Now is the time or PacicIsland countries to take action beore their valuablesheries are driven to collapse. Poor oceans mean apoor uture or Pacic Island countries.
The Greenpeace visionSustainable and equitable tuna sheriesare needed i we are to prevent a tunacrisis in the Pacic. Now more thanever, sustainable and locally owned tunasheries need to be supported.
A shit away rom the large-scaleindustrial model o shing currentlypromoted, pursued and dominated by bigwealthy countries and their corporations towards a model that promotesenvironmentally sustainable and sociallyresponsible smaller-scale vessels and
operations is needed.
Small-scale tuna sheries could beoperated in many o the regions coastalcommunities, resulting in greatereconomic benets to Pacic Islandcountries and communities.
Government support is crucial or
ensuring this vision becomes a reality.In particular, governments must develop
fsheries management and social
policies that protect the resource and
avour smaller-scale and home-grown
fshing businesses.
Greenpeace / Alex Hoord
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An alternative model
Smaller-scale vessels provide ar greater benets to Pacicsland countries than larger industrial boats. They can beocally built, owned, operated and maintained by the islandstates, bringing the prots generated rom their activitiesnto the local economy. Having shing vessels built andbased locally creates multiplier eects in the economyhrough employment and other businesses needed to
service and supply their operations.
Local owners and investors have a greater stake in theong-term sustainable management o sheries resourceshan the distant water large-scale industrial feets that
have moved to the Pacic ater overshing and maximising
short-term gains in other ocean areas.
Markets paving the waytoward transormationThe marketplace or tuna has changed in recent years,and an ever-increasing number o tuna brands, tradersand retailers are making a policy o sourcing and tradinguna rom sustainable sheries. More recently, leading
companies have begun to seek out tuna rom sheriesoperating in ways that is both environmentally sustainableand socially responsible.
n important canned tuna markets like Australia andhe UK, all major brands and retailers have committedo buying only responsibly sourced tuna like pole andne and ree-school purse seine. Large companies like
Saeway in the US and Mareblu in the EU have ollowedsuit. This equates to thousands o tonnes per year oextra demand or responsibly sourced tuna.
Smaller-scale tuna sheries generating economic
development in coastal island communities can takeadvantage o this growing retail demand and have greatpotential to make up a signicant portion o the sherynto the uture.
Here at Sacol we led the way in Australia by
being the frst company to move our entire
tuna range to responsibly caught tuna. This
was an obvious choice or us to ensure the
sustainability o the industry. We encourage
coastal states to develop locally-based,
sustainable industries to meet their own goals
and the wishes o our customers.(Sacol, 2013)
One o the modes o tuna shing that is more socially andecologically sustainable and is encouraged by Greenpeaceis the pole and line method. This mode o shing ensuresvery little bycatch, and creates more employment thanpurse seine shing as it requires large shing crews,meaning more employment opportunities or local people.
Currently the majority o locally caught pole and line
tuna is supplied by Indonesia and the Maldives with theormer quickly expanding its production. Pacic Islandcountries should move quickly to enter the marketplace orresponsibly sourced tuna.
At Sirena, not only do we believe it is important
to look ater fsh stocks, we also eel it is vital to
support the people who go fshing. We support,
and our customers demand, fsheries that
are sustainable as well as air. We encourage
coastal states to move toward a model that uses
responsible methods and provides or localfshing communities.
(Sirena, 2013)
Greenpeace / Daniel M Ocampo
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Large-scale Small-scale
Number o fshers and fshworkersemployed in marine fsheries
9 million 52 million
Annual catch o marine fsh
56 million 34 million
Percentage o marine catch usedor local human consumption
56% 77%
Capital cost o each job on fshingvessels
US30,000- $300,000 US$250- $2,500
Annual catch o marine fsh orindustrial reduction to meal, oil,etc.
About 22 million tonnes Almost none
Annual uel oil consumption
14-19 million tonnes 1-3 million tonnes
Fish caught per tonne o uelconsumed
2-5 tones 10-20 tonnes
Fishers employed or each US$1million invested in fshing vessels
5-30 500- 4,000
Discard rate
13% 3%
$ $ $ $ $
=
$
=
Global Industrial and Small-scale Marine Fisheries Compared
Artisanal vessels o less than 15 meters or so in length may be built, owned and operated rom coastal villages,
improving their supplies o ood, fsh and livelihood opportunities.
Source: International Collective in Support o Fishworkers, c.2010. Small-scale Fisheries (SSF).
http://euss.ics.net/en/page/606-Small-scale fsheries (SSF).html .24
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Recommendations
With the aim o protecting Pacic tuna sheries romunsustainable exploitation and instead developingsmaller-scale and locally owned sheries, Greenpeacemakes the ollowing recommendations to PacicIsland regional bodies and governments:
Develop and implement policies that better
manage the tuna fshery:
Exclude large-scale and destructive oreign-ownedvessels rom national waters or parts thereoand reserve inshore and archipelagic areas orsustainable artisanal tuna sheries
Restrict catches to levels that are environmentallysustainable and economically optimal includingthrough limiting vessel license numbers, requiringvessels to avoid shing in the high seas which areharder to regulate and monitor and prone to illegalshing, and banning all transshipments at sea
Take grievances against harmul subsidies in theindustrial shing sector, such as or boat buildingand uel or shing, to United Nations Commissionon Sustainable Development and to the WorldTrade Organization
Implement all measures to prevent and deter Illegal,Unreported and Unregulated (IUU) shing
Develop and implement policies that promote
Pacifc Islander involvement and investment in
tuna fsheries:
Remove impediments to domestic sheries byaddressing unavourable cost structures throughtaxation reorm and setting sheries access costshigher or distant water than local vessels
Improve local participation in opportunitiesarising rom tuna industries by acilitating trainingin business management and in shing as acommercial business.
Develop an independent, transparent and robustsystem or regulation, monitoring, consultationand reporting o environmental and socialimpacts around tuna shing and processing.In close consultation with local communitiesdevelop traceability systems or social andenvironmental responsibility standards; andwork through complexities around businessesoperating in village environments, includingcustomary tenure and motivations
Increase local benets rom the longlineshery by: introducing mandatory crewingrequirements; investigating commercially viableways o requiring vessels to ofoad to localprocessors and exploring regional collaborationto develop opportunities or locally owned small-scale sheries
Ensure that domestic feets meet the higheststandards regarding bycatch mitigation andavoidance
Ensure all measures are taken to meet oodsaety requirements
Support the development and marketing eorto local pole & line operators with demonstratedpositive impacts on environmental sustainabilityand local communities by showcasing certiedsheries via ocial trade conerences or toursand assisting with trading agreements with thirdparties or export market countries
Develop and implement policies that promote
artisanal fsheries:
Reserve inshore and archipelagic areas orsustainable artisanal sheries only
Develop a workable system or managing andregulating artisanal sheries in close consultationwith relevant communities
Develop business plans or artisanal sheriessupplying export markets, or example usingthe Fair Trade model. Support could includeexploring models or trade cooperatives tocoordinate marketing o artisanal shing feets,including or Fair Trade and enabling access tosupply chains or high value export markets
Develop ongoing systems o training orartisanal sheries in ood saety and businessmanagement via regional organisations such asthe Secretariat o the Pacic Community (SPC)and Forum Fisheries Agency (FFA)-sponsoredtraining programs on ood saety and qualityor small-scale sheries, and businesses withinterests in the success o artisanal sheries,e.g. seaood export companies hosting trainingsessions or their artisanal suppliers.
Greenpeace / Paul Hilton
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Greenpeace is an independent
global campaigning organisation
that acts to change attitudes
and behaviour, to protect and
conserve the environment and
to promote peace.
This document is a brie or the Transorming Tuna Fisheries in
Pacifc Island Countries: An Alternative Model o Developmentreport published by Greenpeace Australia Pacic.
To view the ull report, go to:www.greenpeace.org/australia/redir/Transorming-Tuna/
For more inormation, contact:support.au@greenpeace.orggreenpeace.org.au
Published in August 2013 by:
Greenpeace Australia PacifcLevel 2, 33 Mountain StreetUltimo NSW 2007AustraliaT: +61 2 9281 6100
Printed on 100%recycled paper.
Design and Layout:Brandmad Frog
Cover Image: Greenpeace / Paul Hilton
greenpeace.org.au
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