transhumanism pdf

Transhumanism

���Transhumanism is striving towards extending human abilities with the help of

new technologies

The main human right, remand and desire is life���

���

Research directions

Fighting aging Regenerative medicine Artificial organs Therapeutic cloning Longevity viruses Cryonics Neuromodeling and mind uploading Artificial Intelligence

Fighting aging

Robert Shmookler Reis extended lifespan of ���

a nematode 10-fold via ���a mutation in the age-1 gene

Maria Blasco inscreased mouse lifespan ���by inserting a virus vector ���carrying telomerase gene

Alexei Moskalev increased drosophila ���lifespan by activating ���GADD45 gene

Potential geroprotectors Metformin

Melatonin

Resveratrol

Lipoic acid

2-deoxy-D-glucose

Carnosine

Animoguanidine

Fisetin

Hydroxycitrate

4-phenylbutyrate

Gymnemoside

Cycloastragenol

Quercetin

Curcumin

Spermidine

Thioflavin T

Kempferol

Rapamycin

The main goal of Biology of aging is development of Diagnostic platform for

curing aging !

Insulin/IGF-1 signaling: !

IGF1, IGF1R, IGF-BP7, insulin, Ins-R, ILP agonissts, IRS-1, -2, AKT/PKB, PDK, PI3KI p110α, class-I PI3K c.s., PTEN, SHIP1, SHIP2, FOXO, FOXO1, FOXO3A, PEPCK, Klotho"

TGF- ß signaling:!

Receptor TGF-ß, SMAD1, SMAD2 "

MAPK stress signaling: !

MAPK, p38MAPK, MEK1, MEK2, ERK1, ERK2, GSK3α, ß, small GTPases (e.g.RAS), SAPK/JNK"

Mitochondrial ROS Generation: !

p66Shc, CLK-1, UCP-1, -2, -3"

Antioxidant Defenses:!

SKN1, p53, Mn-SOD, Cu/Zn SOD, catalases 1, 2, 3, GST-A4-4, other GSTs, VDAC1, VDAC3, Carbonylated proteins, 4HNE-modified proteins"

Nutrient Sensing/Response:!

SIRT1, HDAC1, 3, 4, AMPK (α, ß subunits), mTOR, RSK3/S6 protein kinase, PHA-4/FOXA"

Protein Synthesis and Turnover:!

Ribosomal proteins (S6), eIF4E, eIF4G, eIF4E-BP, Proteasome 20S C2 , Ubiquitin & ubiq-proteins "

Rapamycin extends lifespan in old mice by 14%

Rapamycin blocks the activity of mTOR pathway. This leads to supression of cell growth and proliferation,

autophagy activation and slowing down aging

Rapamycin fed late in life extends lifespan in genetically heterogeneous mice. Harrison et al. Nature. 2009 Jul 16;460(7253):392-5."

Regenerative medicine

Tissue-engineered bladder

Skin grown using the pateint’s own cells

Our achievements in Russia

3 successful transplantations of tissue-engineered tracheas

grown using the patient’s own cells on a scaffold

Paolo Macchiarini, Karolinska Institute, Sweden and Vladimir

Porkhanov, 1st Krasnodar Regional Hospital

Therapeutic cloning

Artificial organs

Artificial AbioCor heart is equipped with an accumulator. It allows patients to be autonomous for several hours

Longevity viruses

Longevity genes: IGF1 (tissue-specific), redox regulating genes: САТ, TXN, MSRA, SOD2, SOD1, GADD45, regulators of epigenetic state and transcription: DNMT2, FOXO3, heat shock proteins:

HSPA1A, HSPA1B, other genes: PCMT1, SIRT1, PCK1, PLAU

Cryonics

Brain cryopreservation

Whole body cropreservation

Neuromodeling and mind uploading

Brain scanning Computer model of nematode C.elegans

Artificial Intelligence

IBM Watson algorythm defeated the two greatest champions of the Jeopardy show on December 14, 2011

Transhumanism is ethical choice

Transhumanism is call to action

Transhumanism is goal priority

Transhumanism is rational behaviour

Transhumanism is the future of the humanity

Main problems of transhumanism

Negligible financing of transhumanist projects

However, there is only $5 000 000 available

No matter what organizational solution you use, no good results can be reached

10 scientists need $ 60 000 000 minimum, ���but better $2 500 000 000

Causes

Conservatism

Belief in afterlife

Complexity of science

Political focus on the momentary interests of voters

Taboo on discussions about death

There are few transhumanism leaders in the world

Ray Kurzweil Eliezer Yudkowsky

Max Moore Mikhail Batin

Priority choice

VS.

Making sure the Artificial Intelligence

is friendly

Fighting aging

Fear of the scientists not to get a

grant if they explicitly support radical life extension

Transhumanism critique

«Let’s not talk about immortality and life extnsion, but let’s talk about healthy aging and fighting age-related diseases»

«There will be overpopulation»

«Everything is too complicated»

The most stupid generation

What’s the solution?

Join the existing transhumanist projects

Paolo Macchiarini - brain transplant

Aubrey de Grey - removing damage

Igor Artyukhov - cryonics

Randal Koene - mind uploading

Craig Venter - synthetic biology

Dean Kamen - cyborgization

Human life extension research program

Sebastian Zeung - human connectome

Anthony Atala - engineering liver, kidney and

other organs

ben Goertzel - AI development

Gregory Fahy - improving cryopresesrvation

methods

Gabor Forgacs - 3D bioprinting