transit oriented development: some reflections · transit oriented development: some reflections...

TRANSIT ORIENTED DEVELOPMENT: SOME

REFLECTIONS

Arturo Ardila-GomezGlobal Lead Urban Mobility

Transport and ICT Global Practice

TDD Framework Presentation #1November 2, 2016

3-D VS. 3-d AND PUBLIC TRANSPORT

We want urban development around 3-D: Dense, Diverse, Design

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3-D VS. 3-d AND PUBLIC TRANSPORTBut frequently we get 3-d: disperse, distant, disconnected

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H + T + I = good housing

3-D VS. 3-d AND PUBLIC TRANSPORT

8/9/2017 3

Public transportation Automobile

Buenos Aires, Argentina

***Using Free Flow Speeds

3-D VS. 3-d AND PUBLIC TRANSPORT

Good urban transport is critical to achieving 3-D and not 3-d.

But which kind of urban transport?

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WHAT WE WANT: HITS!

HITS

Hierarchically

Integrated

Transit

System

HITS

New York City

Tokyo

Seoul

Paris

London

Washington DC

Santiago de Chile

Quito (coming soon)

Mexico city (hopefully coming soon)

Rio de Janeiro?

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WHAT WE WANT: HITS!

Hierarchically

Metro corridors

BRT corridors

Feeder buses

Buses in mixed traffic

Integrated

Physical

Fare

Operational

Transit System

Good-quality public

transport service that

serves clients’ at minimum

cost

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HITS AND TRANSIT ORIENTED DEVELOPMENT

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Transit Oriented

DevelopmentDensity Diversity Design

NO HITSLower

capacity, lower density

Long commutes

on poorNegative

externalities

HITSHigher

capacity, higher density

More diversity as

travel is easier

Positive externalities

EXAMPLE OF QUITO AND ITS HITS

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EXAMPLE OF QUITO AND ITS HITS

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OTHER ELEMENTS FOR TOD

1.Let market forces work, but guide them

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OTHER ELEMENTS FOR TOD

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Example: allow higher densities around mass transit (Arlington Virginia, USA)

Source: Brosnan, 2010.

OTHER ELEMENTS FOR TOD

2. Have Enabling

Legislation, e.g.:1.Mixed land use

2. Public spaces

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OTHER ELEMENTS FOR TOD

2. Have Enabling

Legislation, e.g.:3. High floor area ratio.

4. Value capture mechanisms

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OTHER ELEMENTS FOR TOD

3. Have a very good Property Tax System:1.Cadastre updated yearly 2.Enforcement 3.Ability to manage complaints

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OTHER ELEMENTS FOR TOD

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Vallejo and Soler, 2012.

EXAMPLE OF TOD: ARLINGTON, VIRGINIA, USA, AFTER 4O YEARS

16Source: Brosnan, 2010.

TOD AND POOR AREAS

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3-d

TOD AND POOR AREAS

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3-d

TOD AND POOR AREAS

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3-D

TOD AND POOR AREAS

Example of Bogotá

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0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

35000

Poor areas Middle class areas Wealthy areas

Density (people per Km2)

PARADOX

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Wealthy areas meet cannons of TOD yet they have the lowest density.

3-D costs more than 3-d

PARADOX IS SOLVED VIA:

22 Presentation Title

Economic growth and higher income per capita make 3-D affordable

Yet higher income can bring about changes in preferences

HOUSING CAR USE

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HOWEVER, NEW GENERATIONS SEEM TO:

1. Prefer public transport and NMT

over private car.

2. Prefer higher urban densities

and mixed land use.

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HOWEVER, NEW GENERATIONS SEEM TO:

Are these changes intra-

generational or inter-generational?

Fashionable or structural change?

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AND BENEFITS OF TOD SEEM TO BE SOLID AND RESILIENT

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Attribute United States ArlingtonMetro

Corridor Households

with zero cars10% 17.9%

Households with 2 or more

cars

55% 25%

Commute by transit

4.7% 23.3%

CONCLUSIONS

1.We want 3-D: Dense, Diverse, Design

2.We want HITS!

3.We want market forces at work

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CONCLUSIONS

4. We want good enabling legislation

5. We want a very good property tax system

6. We want economic growth and income

growth

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REFERENCES

Brosnan Robert, 2010. “40 Years of Transit Oriented Development.” A Presentation

to the Reston Land Use Task Force.

Vallejo, Gabriel and Diego Soler. 2012. “Manejo del Sistema Catastral: Caso

Bogota.”

Paez, Daniel, Juan Bocarejo, et al. 2017. “Mobility and urban life quality in a

developing city.” World Conference on Transport Research - WCTR 2016

Shanghai. 10-15 July 2016

Salat Serge and Ollivier Gerald. 2016. “The 3V Framework: Maximizing Economic

Opportunities in TOD station Areas by Matching Place, Node, and Market

Potential Value. World Bank. 30

REFERENCES

Hiroaki Suzuki, Robert Cervero, and Kanako Luchi. 2013. “Transforming Cities with

Transit.” World Bank.

Hiroaki Suzuki, Murakami, Jin, Hong, Yu-Hong, Tamayase, Beth. 2015. “Financing

Transit Oriented Development with Land Values: Adapting Land Value Capture

in Developing Countries.”

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