transition metal chemistry. d orbital splitting in a typical transition metal atom
Post on 17-Jan-2018
232 Views
Preview:
TRANSCRIPT
Transition Metal Chemistry
4p
3d
4s
d orbital splittingin a typical transitionmetal atom
Sc 4s2d1
Ti 4s2d2
V 4s2d3
Cr 4s1d5
Mn 4s2d5
Fe 4s2d6
Co 4s2d7
Ni 4s2d8
Cu 4s1d10
Zn 4s2d10
4p
3d
4s
d orbital splittingin a typical transitionmetal atom
The 4s an 4p orbitals is much more diffusein space than are the 3d orbitals. They havea higher quantum number n and the havefewer nodes (0 or 1) versus 2 for the d orbitals.
This means that when a transition metalatom bonds to other atoms, the most significant interactions are with the s andp orbitals, not the d orbitals.
4p
4s
3d
4p
4s
3d
4p
3d
4s
The 3d orbitals are not as important forbonding as are the 4s and 4p, but the details of what happens tothe 3d orbitals determine the propertiesof transition metal complexes.
3d
Coordination Compounds
Co(NH3)6+3
NH3
Base - electron pair donorLigand
Co(en)3+3
NNH
H
H
H
Ethylenediamine1,2-diaminoethane Chelate
Bidentate Ligand
Common LigandsNH3 ammineH2O aquaOH- hydroxoCN- cyanoCO carbonylNO2
- nitroF- fluoroCl- chloroBr- bromoI- iodo
Square Planar Complexes
trans
cis
OctahedralComplexes
cis
trans
facial meridial
Tetrahedral complexes
Optical Isomerism
Porphyrin
N
N
N
NH
H
Protoporphyrin IX
top related