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IASIA

How can public administration reforms instill (or not) cooperation among the society?

Portugal

INA

CAAP-ISCSP

David Ferraz

IASIA Annual Conference, Paris 6th July, 2015

IASIA

Introduction

Introduction

• We cooperate when we have similar interests

• It promotes things that cannot be achieved individually

• It is nice for us as individuals because we feel pleasant

• Cooperation is on the foundation of PA: public interest prosecution

IASIA

Although the concept is now fashion to PA theory

Cooperation in practice is not new and we can find it in many alternative ways of public service provision

Introduction

IASIA

Cooperation in practice is not new

Introduction

Ancien constructions

Community oven

Public Water Suply

IASIA

With the time and thw growth of PA, new models of service provinding were needed

Introduction

3Es

IASIA

Portugal: Public Administration Reforms

•2007:

•Reduction of 25% of structures and management posts

•New statutes to about 430 public organizations

•2011:

•Reduction of management positions and services in at least 15% in Central Administration

Central Administration reorganization (PRACE+PREMAC)

•Overquota workers

•Dismisse

•Civil servants can be dismiss if the public organization is restructured or if the position is extinguished

Civil Servants mobility / requalification program

•The new civil servant statute supposes a position system and employment regimes similar to the private sector.

•Diminishment from 1715 careers to 3 general careers

•Evolution according to performance evaluation

Careers and remunerations statute / New Civil Servant employment statute

• Centralized purchasement

Central procurement agency

Portuguese Context

David Ferraz david.ferraz@ina.pt 7

Portuguese Context

However…

IASIA

UNIT: Percentage of GDP SECTOR: General government

COFOG99: Total INDIC_NA: Total general government expenditure

http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/portal/page/portal/statistics/search_database

Total general government expenditure

Expenditure Increased ~7% in PT

IASIA Portuguese

Context

What has been failing?

Consensus orientation Participation Law Effectiveness and efficiency Transparency Accountability Equity and inclusion

Latest Portuguese PA reforms orientation

We need models of Administration that effectively decrease expenditure

Portuguese Context

Good gov. principles

Co-production

Cooperation And instill… Active

Citizenship

IASIA Active

Citizenship

Active citizenship as volunteer work

Very High (>40% of the adults) Austria, Netherlands, Sweden, UK

High (30-39% of the adults) Denmark; Deutschland; Finland; Luxembourg

Medium (20-29% of the adults) Estonia; France; Latonia

Low (10-19% of the adults) Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic; Ireland, Malta, Portugal;

Slovakia, Romania, Slovene; Spain

Very low (<10% of the adults) Bulgaria, Greece, Lithuania

GHK Final report (2010) In: “Voluntariado em PT: contextos, atores e práticas Fundação Eugénio de Almeida

IASIA Active

Citizenship

In: “Voluntariado em PT: contextos, atores e práticas Fundação Eugénio de Almeida

Portuguese participation index evolution

Reduction from 1990 (19%) to 2011 (12%) 2002: • NPM reforms enforcement 2011: • TROIKA:

• 1 hour plus of work • Decrease on remuneration

• More individualist system

IASIA Active

Citizenship

In: “Voluntariado em PT: contextos, atores e práticas Fundação Eugénio de Almeida

Relation between levels of participation in volunteer work and “participation / volunteer regulation”, 2010 (%)

With Regulation Without Regulation

Why?

Centralized

Decentralized

Liberal revolution (1820)

Land is divided in districts and counties, but managed by central bodies politically nominated Centralization

“once the power is obtained, the best way to remain it , is centralize.

Alexandre Herculano, 1858

quarta-feira, 14 de julho de 2015

Portuguese history is about centralization

1st republic (1910-1930) Ideals of decentralization no time to put them into practice: 1933

“New State” dictatorship (1933-1974)

Ideals of decentralization no time to put them into practice: 1933

Decentralization of some few competences to municipalities (1974) Ideals of decentralization no time to put them into practice: 1933

90 years of

Centralization

20 eyars of ideals of decentralization

41 years of

Centralization

40 years of few decentralization

What have to be done?

90 years of Centralization

20 eyars of ideals of decentralization

41 years of Centralization

60 years

of few Decentralization

131 years

of Centralization

40 years of few decentralization

TOTAL

Portugal from 1820 till now:

Devolution of powers to citizens

What have to be done?

Some Portuguese recent experiencies

Marie’s Benfica Gardens

Less More Level of intervention

MYSTREET PROJECT

IASIA

Municipalities

60 years

of few Decentralization

Main issues and problems of participation and active citizenship

What have to be done?

1st

Participation is more effective when closed to the population

(Decentralized level) 131 years

of Centralization

Parliament

MYSTREET PROJECT

2nd: By participating, is democracy better?

• Who is participating • If it is minority achieving more resources

• What about does who are not participating?

• !Asymmetric information; info excludes

IASIA Conclusion

Conclusion:

Participation and active citizenship could inforce democratic principles but may not feet well all public services provision

Service delivery should be concern not only with 3E’s but also with the traditional principles and foundations of PA (equity; equality; fraternity; transparence …)

Involvement of citizens is easier at a decentralized level (more close to the problem), but not always the more efficient

Participation and active citizenship is particularly need to complex nonlinear problems (poverty; exclusion)

We should differentiate interested participation (lobby) from disinterested one

Education to Citizenship: may be this will contribute to reduce public expenditure

IASIA Conclusion

Conclusion: How can PA instill collaboration?

Boost participation networks

Moderate and reconciling interests

Aggregating social preferences

Building consensus Guarantes the

representation of all stakeholders

Guarante the neutrality and

independence of tenders

Improve the transparency of

participatory processes

Communicating

Boosts information and knowledge

(decreasing asymmetries)

20 david.ferraz@ina.pt

David Ferraz Slide| 21

Links Constitution of the Portuguese Republic

http://www.portugal.gov.pt/Portal/EN/Portugal/Sistema_Politico/Constituicao/

Government site http://www.portugal.gov.pt/Portal/EN

The President of the Republic http://www.presidenciarepublica.pt

Assembly of the Republic (Parliament) http://www.parlamento.pt/ingles/index.html

Courts

http://www.stj.pt/?newlang=uk http://www.tribunalconstitucional.pt/ https://www.tcontas.pt/en/english.shtm http://www.sta.mj.pt/ http://www.trl.pt/

Republic Diary (law repository) http://www.digesto.gov.pt/

Statistics http://www.ine.pt/xportal/xmain?xpid=INE&xpgid=ine_main&xlang=en

Citizens portal Enterprises Portal

http://www.portaldocidadao.pt http://www.portaldaempresa.pt/cve/pt

Public reform Good Practices

http://www.rcc.gov.pt/pt-PT/Directorio/ContentDetail.aspx http://www.ama.pt/

Translation http://www.google.pt/language_tools?hl=pt-PT