turkish architecture

TURKISH ARCHITECTURE

In their homeland in Central Asia, Turks lived in dome-like tents appropriate to their natural surroundings, and they were nomads. These tents later influenced Turkish architecture and ornamental arts.

At the time when the Seljuk Turks first came to Iran, they encountered an architecture based on old traditions. Integrating this with elements from their own traditions, the Seljuks produced new types of structures. The most important type of structure they formulated was the" medrese"( Muslim  theological schools) .

This is an example of a «MEDRESE»

Another area in which the Seljuks contributed to

architecture is that of tomb monuments.

The Ribati- Serif and The Ribati Anasirvan are examples of surviving 12th century Seljuk Caravanserais, where travelers would stop over for the night.

In Seljuk buildings, brick was generally used, while

the inner and outer walls were decorated in a material made by mixing marble, powder, lime and plaster.

Turkish architecture reached its peak during the

Ottoman period. Ottoman architecture, influenced by

Seljuk, Byzantine and Arab architecture, came to

develop a style all of its own.

With the establishment of the Ottoman empire, the years 1300–1453 constitute the early or first Ottoman period, when Ottoman art was in search of new ideas. This period witnessed three types of mosques: tiered, single-domed and subline-angled mosques.

A single – domed mosque

A tiered mosque

A mosque

Inside of a mosque

The buildings constructed in Istanbul between the capture of the city and the construction of the mosque of Sultan Bayezit are also considered as the works of the early period.

Among these are the mosques of Fatih (1470), the mosque of Mahmutpasa and  Topkapi Palace.

The Topkapı Palace

Mahmutpaşa Mosque

Selimiye Mosque in Edirne by Mimar Sinan

The Yeni (New) Mosque in İstanbul

The Ottomans integrated mosques into the community and added soup kitchens, theological schools, hospitals, Turkish baths and tombs.

A Turkish bath(Türk Hamamı)

A Turkish bath(Türk Hamamı)

The master architect of the classical period, Mimar Sinan, was born in 1492 in Kayseri and died in Istanbul in the year 1588. 

Sinan started a new era in the world architecture, creating 334 buildings in various cities. His style was to have a considerable influence on future epochs.

Mimar Sinan's first important work was the Sehzade Mosque  in İstanbul completed in 1548.

His second significant work was the Süleymaniye Mosque and surrounding complex, built for 

Kanuni Sultan Süleyman.

Mimar Sinan’s third masterpiece, The Selimiye mosque,  was built in Edirne during the years 1568-74, when Sinan was in his prime as an architect.The mosque, together with its complex, was included on UNESCO's World Heritage List in 2011.

AYNALIKAVAK PALACE

( İSTANBUL)

The Aksaray Valide mosque in Istanbul is an example of the mixture of Turkish art and Gothic style.

 Laleli Çukurçeşme Inn ( Baroque Period)

Kapalı Çarşı ‘’The Grand Bazaar’’ , İstanbul Nuruosmaniye

The Gazi Institute of Education by architect Kemalettin; example of the Turkish Republic era.

During this period, Sedat Hakki Eldem built the Istanbul Science-Literature Faculty and Emin Onat designed Atatürk's Mausoleum in Ankara.

Anıtkabir (Our Great Leader ATATÜRK’s Mausoleum in

Ankara )

Anıtkabir (Our Great Leader ATATÜRK’s Mausoleum in Ankara )

Sedat Hakki Eldem built the Istanbul Science-Literature Faculty, 1933

Turkish art refers to all works of visual art originating from the geographical area of what is present day Turkey since the arrival of the Turks in the Middle Ages. Turkey also was the home of much significant art produced by earlier cultures, including the Hittites, Ancient Greeks, and Byzantines.

Turkish Art

The 16th and 17th centuries are generally recognised as the finest period for art in the Ottoman Empire, much of it associated with the huge Imperial court. Apart from Ottoman architecture and Ottoman illumination of manuscripts the most important media were in the applied or decorative arts rather than figurative work. Pottery, especially İznik pottery,

İznik pottery

hardstone carvings, Turkish carpets and textiles were all produced to extremely high standards.

Turkish wood carving art

Other Turkish art ranges from traditional Ebru (The art of marbling on paper, or 'ebru' in Turkish, is a traditional decorative form employing special methods) to Western style paintings.

Ebru

Turkish Miniature Painting

It was only in the 19th century that a Turkish painting movement in the Western sense occurred, with the founding by Osman Hamdi Bey of the Academy of Fine Arts (now the Mimar Sinan University. School of Fine Arts). The Sultans began to bring foreign painters, mostly Italian or French, to live as court painters, and Turkish painters were sent abroad to learn from European masters. Among the best known of the early Ottoman painters are Osman Hamdi Bey, Seker Ahmet Pasha, Hoca Ali Riza, Sevket Dag , Ahmet Ziya and Halil Pasha.

Turkish Artists

Şeker Ahmet Paşa- Narlar Ve Ayvalar

Osman Hamdi Bey

Fikret Mualla

Bedri Baykam

Abidin Dino

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Scu

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HADİ BARA

ZÜHTÜ MİRİDOĞLU

SADRİ ÇALIK

ATATÜRK relief on a mountain by Harun Atalayman (İZMİR)