two main categories of drugs

Two main Categories of Drugs

Stimulants– Cocaine– Crack cocaine– Amphetamines (methamphetamine,

ecstasy)– Nicotine

Two main Categories of Drugs

• Depressants– Heroin– Marijuana– Barbiturates – Oxycodone,

Morphine, Codeine, Valium– GHB

Drug Abuse - Why do people start?

• Idea that it’s easy to quit.• “just want to try it”• Social crutch: feel confident in social situations, something to

handle or hold• Deal with problems: escape, pressure, depression, boredom

• Don’t know how to say no.

Feel older Feel cool Feel different Peer pressure Fit in FunMedia: advertising, TV, movies, music Friends / family Relieve stress / relax

General Information• Alcohol may be the world’s oldest known

drug. • Also known as ethyl alcohol or ethanol• Big business in today’s society• Alcohol abuse has become a major

public health problem.

Effects on the body• Alcohol is a central nervous system

depressant.• In low doses, alcohol can produce:– a relaxing effect – reduced tension– lower inhibitions – impaired concentration– slower reflexes– impaired reaction time – reduced coordination

Effects on the body• In medium doses, alcohol can produce:– slurred speech –drowsiness– altered emotions

• In high doses, alcohol can produce:– vomiting –breathing difficulties–unconsciousness– coma–DEATH

Effects On the Body• Central Nervous System–Accelerates the loss of brain cells,

contributing to cognitive deficits. Chronic use can lead to brain damage.

• Liver– Long-term excessive drinking can cause

hepatitis (inflammation and destruction of liver cells) and cirrhosis (scarring and shrinkage of the liver).

Effects On the Body• Kidneys– Impairs their ability to regulate the

volume and composition of fluid and electrolytes in the body.

• Heart–Chronic, heavy alcohol use increases the

risk of heart disease. –Alcohol use can also worsen high blood

pressure and diabetes, two risk factors for heart disease.

Effects on Liver

Effects on Kidneys and Brain

Photo courtesy of Sterling Clarren, MD

No exposure to alcohol

Heavy prenatal exposure to alcohol

Smoking

• Organs Affected by Smoking:

– Nose, throat, larynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs. Also called the respiratory tract.

Smoking

• Conditions:– Chronic bronchitis– Emphysema– Wide variety of cancers– Linked to heart disease– Linked to artery disease

• Deaths: 440,000 annual deaths in US each year are smoking-associated (CDC). Equivalent to 36,666 per month, 8,461 per week, 1,205 per day, 50 per hour, almost 1 per second.

Why You Should Not Smoke

• Smoking gives you bad breath• Smoking makes your clothes and hair smell• Smoking turns your teeth and fingernails

yellow• Smoking makes your skin look grey and

unhealthy• Smoking can produce a hacking cough with lots

of phlegm. Really attractive!• Smoking zaps your energy for sports and other

activities.

MARIJUANA• Short Term Effects:Increase in heart rate,

lead to anxiety and paranoia

Distorted concept of time and space

Decrease in concentration skills, short-term memory capacity

Feeling tired after the “high” wears off

Increase in appetite, weight gain

• Long Term Effects:• Breathing problems• Lung cancer• Damage cells and

tissues in the body that fight disease

• Lack of motivation• Difficulty processing

new information

MARIJUANA

• Marijuana and cigarette smoke have some of the same cancer-causing substances.

• Benzopyrene (cancer-producing agent) higher in marijuana

• 400 chemicals in marijuana smoke affect lungs, throat and esophagus

SUBSTANCE ABUSE

Cost to Business & Industry

• 100 million annually• Alcohol= 500 million lost work days• 40% industrial fatalities• 47% workplace injuries• 50% of motor vehicle fatalities(2005)

Effects on society• National health problem• More deaths,illness,accidents,disabilities than any

other health problem• 15 million dependent on alcohol• 500,000 between ages 9-12• 7 million persons between 12-20 binge drink(Narconon,2005)

Effects on the family

• # of babies born with physiologic & emotional consequences of crack & alcohol ---Increasing at an alarming rate

• 43% of US families exposed to alcoholism• 50% persons who seek tx have at least one

parent w/ alcoholism hx.

Alcohol and other drugs are associated with:

• Up to 50% spousal abuse• 50% traffic accidents• 49% murders• 68% manslaughter charges• 69% drownings• 38% child abuse• 52% rapes• 62% assaults• 20-35% suicides

(Johnson-1997)

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ieeYM8ydrRs VIDEO1

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8mesfPehYGgVIDEO2