types - airconacademy -online prep courses hvac

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• Section 608 of the Federal Air Act requires that all persons who maintain, service, repair, or dispose of appliances that contain regulated refrigerants, be certified in proper refrigerant handling techniques as of November 14, 1994.

There are 4 categories of technician certification:• TYPE I• TYPE II• TYPE III• UNIVERSAL

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Types• TypeI:Personswhomaintain,serviceorrepairsmallappliancesmustbecertifiedasTypeITechnician.

• TypeII:Personswhomaintain,service,repair,ordisposeofhigh-pressureappliances,exceptsmallappliancesandmotorvehicleairconditioningsystems,theymustbecertifiedasTypeIItechnicians.

• TYPEIII:Persons,whomaintain,serviceorrepairbothlowanhighpressureequipment,aswellassmallappliances,theymustbecertifiedasTypeIII.

• Universal:Persons,whomaintain,serviceorrepairbothlowandhighpressureequipment,aswellassmallappliances,mustbecertifiedasUniversalTechnicians.

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• Thetest containsfoursections.• Core,I,IIandIII• There are 25multiple-choicequestionsoneachsection.• Youmustscoreatleast70%or18outof25correctanswersoneachsectiontopass.

• Ifyoufailoneormoreofthesectionsonthetestyoumaytakearetest atalater datethetest willbeononlythesectionsyoufailedpreviously.

TESTFORMAT

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• IfyoupasstheCOREandonesectionyouwillbecertifiedinthattype.

• ForExample:IfyoupassthecoreandsectionIIyouwillgetacertificationforTYPEII,ButnotTYPEI,TYPEIIIorUNIVERSAL.

• TheCorecontains 25generalknowledgequestionsconcerningstratosphericozonedepletion,rulesandregulationsoftheCleanAirAct,theMontrealProtocol,refrigerantrecovery,recyclingandreclaiming,recoverydevices,substituterefrigerantsandoils,recoverytechniques,dehydration,recoverycylinders,safety,andshipping.

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• SECTIONIcontains25sector specificquestions pertaining tosmall appliances.

• SECTIONII contains25sectorspecificquestions pertaining tohigh- pressureappliances.

• SECTIONIII contains25sectorspecificquestions pertaining tolowpressureappliances.

• The testisaclosedbookexam.• Theonlymaterials thatmaybeallowedduring theexammaybeapressure/temp chartandacalculator.

• Bepreparedtopresentapicture ID,home addressandmakesureyoucheckwithyour localtestingcenteras towhatotherformsofidentification youmayneed.

• StudythesectionAor (CORE)and thesectionyouareseekingtogetcertified in.5

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CORE

• TheuseofCFC’sandHCFC’Shaschangedourlifestyles.Wedidnotrealizethetotaleffectsonourenvironment.Thegreatesteffectisonthestratosphere.

• Thestratosphereactslikeablanketthatsurroundstheearth.Itislocated10to30milesabovesealevelandiscomprisedof,amongotherthingsOzone.AnOzonemoleculeconsistsofthreeoxygenatoms.Ozoneprotectsusfromharmfulultravioletradiationandhelpsmaintainstabletemperatures.

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•Depletionoftheozoneinthestratospherecauses:• Increasesinskincancer• Lowercropyields• Increaseineyedisease• Reducedmarinelife• Deforestation• IncreasedgroundlevelOzone• UVraysare absorbedbytheozone• CFC’Slastupto50yearsintheAtmosphere• CFC’Shavebeenfoundinairsamplestakenfromtheatmosphere.• HFC’Sare harmlesstotheAtmosphere

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CORE

• CFC’SandHCFC’S,whenreleasedintotheatmospheredepletetheatmosphere.

• Theculpritinthesecompoundsisthechlorine.WhenachlorineatommeetswithaOzonemolecule,ittakesoneoxygenatomfromtheOzone.ThisformsacompoundcalledChlorineMonoxide(CIO)andleavesanO2 molecule.TheChlorineMonoxidewillcollidewithanotherOzoneMolecule,releaseitsoxygenatom,formingtwoO2 molecules,andleavethechlorinefreetoattackanotherOzonemolecule.

• AsingleChlorineatomcandestroy100,000OzoneMolecules.

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• TherehasbeenalotofcontroversyoverthesubjectofOzoneDepletion.Somefolksbelievethatthechlorinefoundinthestratospherecomesfromnaturalsourcesasvolcaniceruptions.HoweversamplestakenduringaneruptionareveryminimalascomparedtoCFC’s.

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• Inaddition, the riseintheamountofchlorinemeasured inthestratosphereover thepast2decadesmatches therise intheamountofFluorine,whichhasdifferentnatural sourcesthanchlorine,over thesame period.

• Alsothe riseintheamountofchlorinemeasured inthestratosphereover thepasttwentyyears,matches therise inCFCemissionsover thesametimeperiod.

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•Unlikeotherchlorinecompoundsandnaturallyoccurringchlorineintheatmosphere.

•CFC’Swillneitherdissolveinwaternorbreakdownintocompoundsthatdissolveinwater,sotheydonotrainoutoftheatmosphere….

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CORE• OZONEDEPLETIONPOTENTIAL• OzoneDepletionPotential (ODP)isameasurementofCFC’S andHCFC’Sability todestroy theozone.CFC’Shavethehighestpotential ODP.• HFC’S(134-A)donotcontainchlorineandhavenoOzoneDepletionPotential.

TYPE EXAMPLE ELEMENTS

CFC

HCFC

HFC

R-11, 12, 500

R-22, 123

R-134-a, 410a

Chlorine Fluorine Carbon

Hydrogen Chlorine Fluorine Carbon

Hydrogen Fluorine Carbon

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CORE & CLEAN AIR ACT

• TheUnitedStates EnvironmentalProtectionAgency(EPA)regulatessection608oftheFederalCleanAirAct.

• Failuretocomplycouldcostyouasmuchas$27,000perday,perviolationandthereisabountyof$10,000tolureyourcompetitors,customersandfellowworkerstoturnyouin.

• Service TechnicianswhoviolatetheCleanAirActmaybefined,losetheircertification,andhavetoappearinfederalcourt.

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• The EPA may require a technician todemonstrate the ability toproperly perform refrigerant recovery/recycling procedures.

• Failingtodemonstrate these skillsmayresult inevocation ofcertification.

• Itisaviolation ofsection608TO:• Falsify orfailtokeep required records• Failtoreach required evacuation rates prior toopeningordisposingofappliances.

• Knowinglyrelease (VENT) CFC’S,HCFC’S orHFC’S while repairingappliances,withthe exception ofDE-MINIMUS releases

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• Service, maintain,ordisposeofappliancesdesignedtocontainrefrigerants withoutbeingappropriatelycertifiedasofNovember14,1994.

• Itistheresponsibilityofthefinalpersoninthedisposalchaintoensurethatrefrigerant hasbeenremovedfromtheappliancesbeforescrapping.

• FailtorecoverCFC’S,HCFC’S,beforeopeningordisposingofanappliance.

• FailtohaveanEPAapprovedrecoverydevice,equippedwithlowlossfittings,andregisterthedevicewiththeEPA.

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• Addnitrogentoafullychargedsystem,forthepurposeofleakdetection,andtherebycauseareleaseofthemixture.

• Disposeof adisposablecylinderwithoutfirstrecoveringanyremainingrefrigerantto0psig.andthenrenderingthecylinderuseless,thenrecyclingthemetal.

• Inaddition,somestateandlocalgovernmentregulationsthatareasstrictorstricterthanSection608.

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CORE / MONTREALPROTOCOL

•Followingseveralyearsofnegotiations,aninternationalagreement(TREATY)regulatingtheproductionanduseofCFC’S,HCFC’S,halons,methylchloroform andcarbontetrachlorideenteredintoforceinmid1989.

•KnownasTHEMONTREALPROTOCOL, thislandmarkagreementinitiallyrequiredtheproductionandconsumptionfreeze.

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•TheMontrealProtocolcalledforastepwisereductionandeventualproductionphaseoutofvariousOzoneDepletingSubstancesindevelopedCountries.

CFC’Swerephasedoutofproduction December31,1995.

•HCFC,Srefrigerantsarescheduledofphaseoutinthefuture.

•WhenvirginsuppliesofCFC’Saredepleted,futuresupplieswillcome fromrecovered,recycled,orreclaimedrefrigerants.

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Recovery, Recycle & ReclaimTHETHREE“R,s”

Recover,RecycleandReclaim

• ToRECOVER is to removerefrigerantinanycondition fromasystemandstore it inaexternalcontainer (recoverybottle-gold topandgraybottom.)

• To RECYCLE is tocleanrefrigerantfor reusebyseparatingtheoil fromthe refrigerantand removingmoisture fromthe refrigerantbypassing itthroughoneormore filterdries.

• ToRECLAIMis toprocess refrigeranttoa levelequal toanew (VIRGIN)productspecificationsasdeterminedbychemicalanalysis. RECLAMEDrefrigerantmustmeetthestandardset forthinARI700before itcanbe resold.

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RECOVERYDEVICES

• Refrigerant Recovery and/orRecyclingequipmentmanufacturedafterNovember15,1993,mustbecertifiedandlabeledbyanEPAapprovedequipmenttestingorganizationtomeetEPAStandards.

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• 1“SystemDependent”whichcapturesrefrigerantwiththeassistanceofcomponentsintheappliancefromwhichrefrigerantisbeingrecovered.

• 2 “Self-Contained”whichhasitsownmeanstodrawtherefrigerantoutoftheappliance.

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2 ways to recover

• AsofNovember14,1994,thesaleofCFCand HCFC refrigerantsisrestrictedtocertifiedtechnicians.OnlytechnicianscertifiedundertheCleanAirAct Section608areallowedtopurchaseorhandle refrigerants.

(MotorVehicleairConditioning)areallowedtopurchaserefrigerantsincontainerssmallerthan20lbs.

SALES RESTRICTIONS

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Substitute Refrigerants and Oils

• Overthepastseveralyears severalnewrefrigerants, blendsanddifferentoilshavebeendevelopedforrefrigeration.

• R-134aisanozonefriendlyrefrigerantanditistheleadingreplacementrefrigerantforR-12butitisnotadropinrefrigerant.

• There isno dropinrefrigerantforR-12,but134acanbeusedinmostR-12systemsifyoufollowtheproperretrofitprocedures.

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Things to remember about 134a

• R-134awillnotmixwithmostrefrigerants.• TheoilusedinmostR-134asystemsareEASTERS.

• Easterscannotbemixedwithotheroils.

• Itisveryimportantthatwhenyouleaktesta134asystemtousepressurizednitrogen.

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SubstituteRefrigerantsandOils• There are severalblendsofrefrigerantinusetoday.Someoftheblendsare calledTernary,whichmeanstheyareathree-partblend.Ternaryblendsusealkylbenzeneforitslubricant.

• Youneedtomakeabsolutelysuretousethecorrectlubricantfortherefrigerant.

• Mostrefrigerant oilsare hygroscopic.• Hygroscopicoilshaveahighaffinityforwater.• Oilsamplesshouldbetakenandtestediftherehasbeenamajorcomponentfailure.

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•1Thecomponents ofblended refrigerantwillleakatdifferentratesbecauseofhavingdifferentvaporpressures.

•2Thepropermethodforchargingablendedrefrigerantistoweighinthechargethroughtheliquidserviceportonthehighside.

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About Blends

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• Atermyouneedtorememberis“temperatureglide”• Temperatureglidereferstoarefrigerantblendthathasarangeofboilingpointsorcondensingpointsthroughouttheevaporatorandthecondenserrespectively.

• OTHERblendsmaybeazeotropic,meaningthatitisblendedbutitactslikeasinglecomponentrefrigerantoveritsentiretemperature/pressurerange.

• Aazeotrope doesnothaveatemperatureglide.

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About Blends

Recovery Techniques

• Service rates haveincreasedsincerecoverywasmademandatory.

• EPAregulationsrequireaserviceaperture orprocessstubonallappliancesthatuseaClassIorClassIIrefrigerantinordertomakerecovery easier.

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Recovery Techniques

• Whenrecoveringrefrigerant, nevermixtwodifferentrefrigerants intothesamerecovery cylinder.Whenservicingaunitandyoudiscoverthat twoormorerefrigerantshavebeenmixedwithintheunit,youmustuseaseparatetank,becausetherefrigerantmaynotbeabletobereclaimed.

• Recoveronlyonetypeofrefrigerantintoarecoverycylinder.

• Ifyousmellastrongodorduringtherecoveryprocess,acompressorburn-outhaslikelyoccurred.Whenrecoveringaburn-outunit,checkforcontaminationintheoil.

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• Afteryourecovertherefrigerant,andyouusenitrogen toflushout thedebris fromthesystem, it is legal foryoutoventthenitrogen.

• Itisagood ideato install asuction line filterdrier tocatchanydebristhatmaybestillin thesystem inorder toprotectthenewcompressor.

• The lengthofhosebetween therecoverymachineandgaugeswill greatlyaffecttheefficiencyoftheprocess.Longerhoseswill causeapressure drop,andgreatlyincrease therecoverytimeandhaveagreaterchanceofincreasedemissions.Sinceall refrigerantshaveapressure temperaturerelation, thelower theambienttemperature, theslower therecoveryrate.Afteryou finish recoveringall liquidrefrigerant,youshould guardagainst trapping liquid betweentheservicevalves.

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RecoveringRefrigerant

• Recovery machineisjustacompressorPumpsvaporonly

• Inletisthesuctionsideofcompressor

• Outletgoestorecoverytank

• Recovery tankactsasacondenser

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VaporRecovery

© 2 0 1 2 Refrigeration Train in gServices -R1 Sub ject5 Recoveryv2 3 2

Vapor Recovery

Fi l ter DrierSigh t GlassReceiver

EVAPORATOR

CONDENSER

GaugeMan i fo ld

Comp resso r

TEV

RecoveryC yl in der

Scale

Openvalve

Start recovery

Nowopenhighsidegauge valve

Refrigerantnowintank

RecoveryUn it

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RecoveryCompleted

© 2 0 1 2 Refrigeration Train in gServices -R1 Sub ject5 Recoveryv2 3 3

Fi l ter DrierSigh t GlassReceiver

EVAPORATOR

CONDENSERComp resso r

TEV

RecoveryC yl in der

Scale

RecoveryUn it

Allrefrigerantisrecovered whenunitpullsavacuum

GaugeMan i fo ld

System nowreadyforremoval, repair,etc.

“Push-Pull”LiquidRecovery

• Large unitshavealotofrefrigerant• Vaporrecoverytakes toolong• Recovery unitcanpush liquidintotank

Thenpull out remainingvapor

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© 2 0 1 2 Refrigeration Train in gServices -R1 Sub ject5 Recoveryv2 3 5

LiquidRefrigerantRecovery:"Push-Pull"Method

Fi l ter DrierSigh t GlassReceiver

EVAPORATOR

CONDENSERComp resso r

TEV

RecoveryC yl in der

Scale

RecoveryUn it

GaugeMan i fo ld1 - Openhighsidegauge valve2- Openbothrecoverytankvalves3- Frontseatkingvalve

4- Turnonrecoveryunit,pushliquidoutof condenserandreceiver intorecoverytank

5- Mostof theliquidhasnowbeenremoved. Beginvaporrecovery (shownpreviously) .

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EvacuatedTankLiquidRecovery

• Pullavacuumonarecoverytank• Connecttoreceiver• Thetankwillsuckoutliquid• Note:acoldtankwillspeedthetransfer

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RecoverytankinaVacuum

Liquid Recovery: Evacuated Tank

Compre sso r

Filte r-Drie rSigh tGlass Re ce ive r

Scale s

Gauge Man ifo ld

Front seatKingValve

Userecovery unit to completevapor removal

EVAPORATOR

CONDENSER

Liquid refrigerant canberemoved without arecoverymachine

Vacuum intankremoves most ofthe liquid

Liquid is suckedout

TEV

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DEHYDRATION

• Properdehydrationproceduresthroughevacuationareimportanttofollow.

• Thereasonfordehydrationistoremovewatervaporandwater.• Ifleftinarefrigerationsystem,moisturewillformhydrochloricandhydrofluoricacids.

• Evacuationisthesuggestedmethodfordehydration.• Itisnotpossibletooverevacuateasystem• Never evacuate asystemtotheoutsideairbeforeyourecoverthesystemfirsttothemandatedvacuumlevel.

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• Herearesomethingsthateffectthespeedandefficiencyofevacuation:• 1sizeofequipment• 2ambienttemperature• 3amountofmoistureinthesystem• 4&5thesizeofthevacuumpumpandsizeofthesuctionline• 6thesizeofthevacuumlineshouldbethesamesizeorgreaterthanthesizeofthepumpintakefitting.

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• Thesystemvacuumgaugeshouldbelocatedasfarawayfromthevacuumgaugeaspossible.

• Thevacuumreadingshouldbetakenwhenthesystemisisolatedandthevacuumpumpisturnedoff.

• Ifthesystemdoesn’tholdavacuum,thenthereisprobablyaleak.

• Duringevacuationyoumaywanttoheattherefrigerationsystemtospeedupdehydration.Ifthesystemholdstherequiredvacuum,yourfinished.

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SingleEvacuation

• Whatisevacuation?Pulling avacuumonasystem

• Why?Toremoveairandmoisture

• Howlong doyouevacuate?Longenough togetto500microns

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EvacuateGaugeHoses

© 2 0 1 2 Refrigeration Train in gServices -R1 Sub ject6 LeakCheckand Evacuation v2

4 2Filter DrierSight

G lassReceiver

EVAPORATOR

CONDENSER

Compressor

TEV

Gauge Manifold

Vacuum Pump

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RECOVERY CYLINDERS

• Recovery cylindersdifferinmanywaysfromdisposablecylinders.DisposablecylindersareusedonlywithvirginrefrigerantandmayNEVER beusedforrecovery.

• Recovery cylindersarespeciallymadetoberefilled.

• Recovery cylindershave2ports,oneliquidand one vapor.

• Extreme care mustbetakenwhenfillingthecontainers,soastonotcauseanexplosion.

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• TheEPArequiresthat arefillablerefrigerant

• Refillablecylindersusedfortransportingrecoveredpressurizedrefrigerant mustbeDOTapproved.ApprovedrefrigerantrecoverycylindersshouldbeinspectedforRUST.

• Iftheyshowsignsofrustorappearnottobesecuretheyshouldbereducedto0psiganddiscarded.

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DisposableRefrigerantDrums

Lookfordirectionondrum:Uprightposition, chargewithvaporUpsidedown, chargewith liquid

SomemanufacturerstrieddiptubesItis confusing,most stopped

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Freon tanks

Originally R404Atanks had diptubes

R22 tank cut-a-wayview

Now R404A tanks have NOdiptubes

Turn over forliquid

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SAFTY

• Whenhandlingand filling refrigerantcylinders,oroperating recoveryequipmentorrecyclingequipment, youshould wearsafetyglasses, protectivegloves,and followallequipmentmanufacturerssafetyprecautions.• Whenpressurizing asystemwith nitrogen,youshould alwayschargethroughapressure regulatorand install apressure reliefvalvein thedownstream line fromthepressure regulator.• RELIEFVALVESMUSTNOTBEINSTALLEDINSERIES.• Ifcorrosion is foundwithin thebodyof thevalve, thevalvemustbereplaced.• When leakcheckingasystem,NEVER pressurize itwith compressedair.• Whenmixedwith refrigerants,oxygenorcompressedair cancauseanexplosion.

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• NEVERHEAT AREFRIGERANT CYLINDERWITHAOPENFLAME.

• Donotcutorbrazerefrigerantlinesonachargedunit.

• Intheeventofalargerelease ofrefrigerant inaconfinedspace,SelfContainedBreathingApparatus(SCUBA)isrequired.Ifalargeleakofrefrigerant occursinanenclosedarea,andSCUBAisnotavailable,IMMEDIATELY VACATEANDVENTILATE thearea.

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• Todeterminethesafeworkingpressureofasystem,checkthedataplateforthelow-sidetestpressurevalue.

• Whenusinganyequipmentthatusesschrader valves,checkforleaks,bendsandbreakage.

• Replacedamagedschrader valvecorestopreventleakage,andalwayscapschrader portstopreventaccidentaldepressionofthevalvecore.

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SAFTY

• Inlargequantities,refrigeantscancausesuffocationbecausetheyareheavier thanairanddisplaceoxygen.

• Inhalingrefrigerantvaporsormistmaycauseheartirregularities,unconsciousness,andoxygendeprivationleadingtodeath.

• NeverexposeR-12orR-22toopenflamesorglowinghotmetalsurfaces.Athightemperatures,R-12and R-22decomposetoformHydrochloricacid,Hydrofluoricacid,andPhosgenegas.

• Alwaysreviewthesafetydata sheets,whenworkingwithsolvents,chemicalsorrefrigerants.

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SHIPPING & TRANSPORTING

•Beforeshipping anyused refrigerantcylinders, checkthatthecylindermeetsDOTstandards, completetheshipping paperwork including thenumberofcylindersofeachrefrigerant,andproperly label thecylinderwith the typeandamountofrefrigerant.

• Cylinders should betransported inanuprightposition.

• EachcylindermustbemarkedwithaDOTclassification tagindicating it isa“2.2non-flammablegas”.

• Somestatesmayrequirespecial shipping procedures tobefollowed basedon theirclassificationof used refrigerants.

• Checkwith theDOTinyourstate.

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• EndofCorePrepcourse.

• Please download the PDF’s review the information and review the video, study and good luck on the test.

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