uncover the power of fiber

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“A new generation of wellness foods for the modern-day consumers”

Dr. Mar B. NietoDr. Mar B. NietoInventor, HMM Nutricare ProductsInventor, HMM Nutricare Products

The AACC [American Association of The AACC [American Association of Cereal Chemists] in 2000 definesCereal Chemists] in 2000 defines

““Dietary FiberDietary Fiber asas the edible parts of plants or analogous carbohydrates that are resistant to digestion and absorption in the human small intestine with complete or partial fermentation in the large intestine. Dietary fiberincludes polysaccharides, oligosaccharides, lignin, and associated plant substances. Dietary fibers promote beneficial physiological effects including laxation, and/or blood cholesterol attenuation, and/or blood glucose attenuation.”

General Categories of FiberGeneral Categories of Fiber

- - Insoluble in water; Insoluble in water; No functional properties in foods except No functional properties in foods except as filler/bulking agentas filler/bulking agent

- Soluble in water; - Soluble in water; multiple functionality in foods such multiple functionality in foods such thickening, gelling agent, emulsifying, thickening, gelling agent, emulsifying, film forming, bindingfilm forming, binding

INSOLUBLE FIBER SOURCESINSOLUBLE FIBER SOURCES

Various brans from Various brans from oat bran, rice oat bran, rice branbran, etc., etc.

Flax seedFlax seed

Bamboo shoot fiberBamboo shoot fiber, and other , and other cellulose powderscellulose powders

Various fruits and vegetablesVarious fruits and vegetables

SOLUBLE FIBER SOURCES SOLUBLE FIBER SOURCES Thick gums such as:Thick gums such as:– KonjacKonjac from an Asian root crop from an Asian root crop

– Beta-glucanBeta-glucan from oat & barley from oat & barley

– PectinPectin from citrus and applefrom citrus and apple– and others and others

Thin gums such as:Thin gums such as:– Gum ArabicGum Arabic from Acacia sap from Acacia sap

– InulinInulin from chicory and Jerusalem from chicory and Jerusalem artichokeartichoke

– and othersand others

Source Total dietary fiber

(%)

Soluble

g/100

Insoluble

g/100

Barley Bran 15 0.8 14.2 Oat Fiber 85-90 1.75 85.8 Oat Bran [grade spec] 44 22 22 Rice Bran 23-35 0.6 28.4 Bamboo Fiber 99 0 99 Flax seed, ground 26 0 26 Inulin 89 89 0 Locust Bean Gum 80 80 0 Gum Acacia 85-90 85-90 0 Guar Gum 85-90 85-90 0 Pure Pectin 80 80 0 Konjac Gum 90 90 0

Soluble and Insoluble Fiber Sources

How Much Dietary Fiber we need?

The American Dietetic Association---20-35 g/day20-35 g/day

National Cancer Institute---------------25-30 g/day25-30 g/day

The recommended ratio is 50:50. For instance, of the 30 g fiber consumption per day…..

15 g insoluble fiber15 g insoluble fiber

15 g soluble fiber15 g soluble fiber

HEALTH BENEFITSHEALTH BENEFITS*INSOLUBLE FIBER*INSOLUBLE FIBER

Promotes regularityPromotes regularity

Protection Against Colon Protection Against Colon CancerCancer – – – by binding toxins and carcinogens in by binding toxins and carcinogens in

our diet and protecting the inner our diet and protecting the inner lining of the colon. lining of the colon.

– hastening the amount of time it takes hastening the amount of time it takes for feces to be eliminated, thereby for feces to be eliminated, thereby minimizing the colon's exposure to minimizing the colon's exposure to carcinogenscarcinogens

1. Cholesterol Lowering

*Thick soluble fibers [konjac, beta-glucan, pectin, etc.] are more effective

*Mechanism – Bind bile acids, tiny loss in the bowel, replaced by liver by converting cholesterol from the blood to bile acid

HEALTH HEALTH BENEFITSBENEFITS*SOLUBLE FIBER*SOLUBLE FIBER

National Cholesterol Education Program

Total Serum Cholesterol

Normal…….. 200 mg/dL or lower

Borderline…..200 to 239 mg/dL

High Risk……Over 240 mg/dL

HDL Cholesterol

Normal for Men….40 to 50 mg/dLNormal for Women…50 to 60 mg/dL

The new guidelines from the NCEP recommend lowering LDL cholesterol to below 70 mg/dL for high risk patients and to below 100 mg/dL for moderate risk patients.

Subjects Gums Used/ Dose

Cholesterol Reduction

LDL Cholesterol Reduction

HDL Cholesterol Increase

Source

78 with Type 2 diabetes

guar, arabic, LBG, pectin, oat fiber [10-15g/day]

250 mg/dL to 184 mg/dL

129 mg/dL to 92 mg/dL

43 mg/dL to 55 mg/dL

Amer. Heart Association Meeting Report, 2005

22 diabetics Konjac 11% 20.7% No change Chen et al, 2001 & 2003

13 males & 16 females

Psyllium, pectin, guar, LBG [15 g/day]

10% 14% No Change Jensen et al, 1993

40-50 g/day Pectin 7.6% 10.8%

26 men 188 to 314 mg/dl

Psyllium 10.2 g per day

14.8% 20.2 No Data Anderson et al 1988

13 men Guar gum [15 g/day]

10% No change Spiller et al, 1991

Cholesterol Studies with Gums

Meta-Analyses

# of Studies……………...67

Subjects………………….2,990

Men………………..1,733

Women…………….1011

Not Specified………246

Fiber dose………………...9.5 g per day

Ave. Treatment Period…...49 days

[Source: Brown et al., 1999]

Gum Total Cholesterol Reduction

[mg/dl]/[g fiber/day]

LDL Cholesterol Reduction

[mg/dl]/[ g fiber/day] Oats -1.42 -1.23

Psyllium -1.10 -1.11

Pectin -2.69 -1.96

Guar -1.13 -1.20

[Source: Brown et al., 1999]

Daily Cholesterol Reduction Based on Meta-Analyses

Recently, a pooled analysis of 10 prospective cohort studies of dietary fiber intake in the U.S. and Europe found that each 10 g/day increase in total dietary fiber intake was associated with a 14% decrease in the risk of coronary events, such as myocardial infarction (MI), and a 24% decrease in deaths from CHD

Source: Pereira MA, O'Reilly E, Augustsson K, et al., 2004

Diabetes mellitus is a disorder characterized by elevations in blood sugar levels afflicting 17 million people in the US or 8% of population [Source: Source: http://www.medicinenet.com/script/main/hp.asp]http://www.medicinenet.com/script/main/hp.asp]

Type 1 - Also called insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM), or juvenile onset diabetes mellitus [JODM].

Type 2 - Type 2 diabetes was also referred to as non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM), or adult onset diabetes mellitus (AODM).

2. Diabetes Control

Guar Gum

Dose - 14.5 g gum in a pudding like carrier containing 50 g glucose, 10 healthy subjects

Plasma glucose is reduced to 61.7%, similar reduction for plasma insulin [Braaten et al., 1991]

Studies on Gums

Konjac

22 diabetics subjects given 3.6 g of konjac/day for 28 days;

Fasting glucose between 6.7-14.4 mmol/L

Reduction by 23.2% during the study period 5.1 to 11 mmol/L.

Fecal neutral sterol and bile acid concentrations were increased by 18.0% (p = 0.004) and 75.4% (p < 0.001), respectively, with KGM supplement

Beta-Glucan

Study 1: dose of 12 g gum, 5 diabetics subjects

Lower glycemic response; improved insulin response [Yokoyama et al ];

Study 2: 14.5 g gum in a pudding like carrier containing 50 g glucose, 10 healthy subjects

Plasma glucose is reduced to 57.2%, similar reduction for plasma insulin [Braaten et al., 1991].

Soluble fiber forms a protective coating or shields starches and sugars from digestive enzymes. Thus, glucose is absorbed more gradually into the bloodstream

Mechanism of Action

3. Protection Against

Colon CancerResearch has shown that diets high in fiber, both soluble & insoluble fiber, protect against colon cancer.

*By binding toxins and carcinogens and protecting the inner lining of the colon.

*Regulate bowel movement, thereby minimizing the colon's exposure to carcinogens in the diet.

Study 1: On Total Dietary Fiber

Summary of a review of 48 studies of diet and colorectal cancer risk . Data strongly suggest that fiber protect against colon cancer from 38 out of 48 of these studies.[Source: Lanza, 1990]

Study 2: Soluble FiberModified Citrus Pectin -Prevents metastasis of cancer cells

[Source: Nutrition Review by English and Dean, 2005]

Prebiotic are ingredients that boost the growth of beneficial probiotic bacteria in the gut

Worth €87 million in the European marketplace but are forecast to reach €179.7 million by 2010.

[Source: Frost & Sullivan]

Non-viscous and fermentable gums are more effective

4. Gums as Prebiotic

Fermentability of Selected SDFSoluble Dietary Fiber

Gum AcaciaKarayaAgarAlginatesCarrageenanGuarLocust Bean Gum

715

21 - 28

0-13

< 1576-1009 - 16

15 - 59

Fermentability (%)

70-85; 97.4%PectinXanthanCMC/Methylcellulose

Inulin10

100

[Source: Dreher, 1987; Barry et al., 1995]

Prebiotic Studies

1. Howard, et al., 1995 - FOS and gum arabic effectively stimulate growth of Bifidobacteria

2. Titgemeyer, et al., 1991 - Exp 1. Short chain fatty acid production is studied for different fiber. Pectin> soy fiber>sugar beet>pea fiber>oat fiber

Exp 2. Gum arabic, gum arabic-guar mixture, and apple pectin > oat or corn fiber

3. Bliss et al., 2001 - Supplementation with psyllium or gum arabic improved stool consistency and decreased incontinence among subjects.

5. Appetite & Weight Control

Because fiber absorbs water, it takes up a considerable amount of room in the stomach, creating a feeling of fullness.

Double Blind Study With Glucomannan Fiber

Duration………….8 weeks

# of Subjects……..20 [all obese]

Dose……………..500 mg/8 oz water prior to each meal

No Change in diet

Results showed a significant mean weight loss of 5.5 lb. using glucomannan over an eight-week period without changing diet.

In addition, serum cholesterol and LDL cholesterol were significantly reduced (21.7 and 15.0 mg/dl respectively) in the glucomannan treated group.

Source: Int J Obes. 1984;8(4):289-93.

PO Box 408, Abingdon MD 21009 [USA] Phone: 410-569-9117; www.hmmnutricare.com

The Ultimate Wellness Foods

Nature’s variety in instant meals!

See Dr. Nieto’s other presentations:See Dr. Nieto’s other presentations:

NUTRITION BASICS 1 – MACRONUTRIENTSNUTRITION BASICS 1 – MACRONUTRIENTS

NUTRITION BASICS 2 –NUTRITION BASICS 2 –MICRONUTRIENTSMICRONUTRIENTS

MODERN NUTRITION – MODERN NUTRITION – PROTECTIVE PROTECTIVE NUTRIENTSNUTRIENTS

Dr. Mar Nieto Inventor of HMM Nutricare Products

Outside Consultant of Nutriexcel