understanding exposure in dslr cameras

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Understanding Exposure in DSLR Cameras

M. P. Hariharan

Civil Design Engineer

Joint Operations, Kuwait

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DSLR Strengths / Weakness of Point

& Shoot

DSLR Weakness/Point & Shoot Strengths :

-Image Quality - Price

- Adaptability - Size & Weight

-Speed - Maintenance

-Optical View Finder - Noise

-Large ISO Range - Complexity

- Manual Controls

- Depth of Field

-Quality Optics

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Aperture Setting Relative Light Example Shutter Speed

f/22 1X 16 seconds

f/16 2X 8 seconds

f/11 4X 4 seconds

f/8.0 8X 2 seconds

f/5.6 16X 1 second

f/4.0 32X 1/2 second

f/2.8 64X 1/4 second

f/2.0 128X 1/8 second

f/1.4 256X 1/15 second

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Narrow Aperture 

f/16 - high f-stop number

large depth of field

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Shutter Speed Typical examples

1 - 30+ seconds Specialty night and low-light photos on a tripod

2 - 1/2 second To add a silky look to flowing water

Landscape photos on a tripod for enhanced depth of field

1/2 to 1/30 second To add motion blur to the background of a moving subject

Carefully taken hand-held photos with stabilization

1/50 - 1/100 second Typical hand-held photos without substantial zoom

1/250 - 1/500 secondTo freeze everyday sports/action subject movement

Hand-held photos with substantial zoom (telephoto lens)

1/1000 - 1/4000 second To freeze extremely fast, up-close subject motion

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Exposure

Mode

How It Works

Auto ( ) Camera automatically selects all exposure settings.

Program (P)

Camera automatically selects aperture & shutter speed; you can

choose a corresponding ISO speed & exposure compensation.

With some cameras, P can also act as a hybrid of the Av & Tv

modes.

Aperture Priority

(Av or A)

You specify the aperture & ISO; the camera's metering determines

the corresponding shutter speed.

Shutter Priority

(Tv or S)

You specify the shutter speed & ISO; the camera's metering

determines the corresponding aperture.

Manual (M)You specify the aperture, ISO and shutter speed— regardless of

whether these values lead to a correct exposure.

Bulb (B)

Useful for exposures longer than 30 seconds. You specify the

aperture and ISO; the shutter speed is determined by a remote

release switch, or by the duration until you press the shutter

button a second time.

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