unit 1.1: early theories of matter / law of conservation of matter

UNIT 1.1: EARLY THEORIES OF MATTER / LAW OF CONSERVATION OF MATTER

Bell Work- Tuesday Aug 26

•In your notebook, list (in order) the scientific method•Write a brief explanation of each term •Hint: It’s on the wall!!!

Variables• Independent variable- The thing you change•Dependent variable- the thing that changes•Control- does not include the independent variable•Example:•An experimenter tests the growth of grass seeds in

different color lighting. • Independent variable: Color of Light• Dependent Variable: Growth of Seeds• Control: Seed grown in natural light

Purpose/ Question

•What do you want to learn?•Examples:•What doorknob in the school has the most

germs?•Do girls have faster reflexes than boys?•Does the color of the light bulb affect the growth

of grass seeds?

Research

•Find out as much as you can•Has this question been tested before?•What were the results?• Did these experiments have significant errors?

•Use good sources when researching• .org, .edu, peer reviewed papers• books

Hypothesis

•Use background knowledge to make an “educated guess” about the answer to the problem•“If….then….because”•“If grass seeds are grown in the dark, they will die because photosynthesis is light dependent.”

Experiment

•Design a procedure to test the hypothesis•Write down materials and a step by step procedure•During the experiment, create a table to record data and observations

Analysis

•Analyze the data•Often involves calculations, charts, and graphs•What does the data mean?

Conclusion

•Does your data support your hypothesis?•Why or why not- talk about specific data from your

experiment!

•Sources of Error?• NOT HUMAN ERROR• Tools not precise

•If you were to do another experiment, what would you change?

Science Issues

•How do we study things that are too small to test directly? •We rely on indirect information gathered from

experiments•Mystery Box Lab Activity!

Possible Items in Mystery Box

Bell Work- Wed Aug 27

• What is the difference between qualitative and quantitative data?

What is Matter?- Modern Day

•Matter: Anything that has mass and takes up space•Mass: The amount of matter in an object (measured in kilograms)

Matter- Ancient Greece

•Early Theory of Four Elements: •Earth, Air, Fire, Water

•Democritus- “Father of Modern Science”•Earliest theory of the atom

Democritus

•Philosopher from Abdera, Greece in 460 BC•Looked for the smallest particle•Atom = Uncuttable• (Paper Demo)

Democritus

•Theory•All matter consists of invisible particles called

atoms•Atoms are indestructible•Atoms differ in size, shape, mass, position, and

arrangement

Alchemy

•Pre-chemistry with a dash of witchcraft•Practiced in the Middle Ages•Turn metals into gold• Immortality•Think “Nicolas Flamel”

Bell Work- Thurs Aug 28

• What did the Greeks think about atom and matter? (2-4 sentences)

The Law of Conservation of Matter/Mass•Matter cannot be created nor destroyed, but may

be rearranged in space, or entities associated with it may be changed in form•Example: two chemicals combine to form water

and carbon dioxide.• If you mass the 2 reactants (what you started with)

this should equal the mass of the products (what you ended with) even though they changed state of matter and composition