unit 11- nervous system nervous system receives and relays information monitors and responds to...

Unit 11- Nervous SystemUnit 11- Nervous System

Nervous SystemNervous System Receives and relays Receives and relays

informationinformation Monitors and Monitors and

responds to responds to changes (internal, changes (internal, external)external)

Stimulus-ResponseStimulus-Response

Receptors & EffectorsReceptors & Effectors

Receptor Receptor Structure that detects Structure that detects

changechange Ex. skin, rods, cones, Ex. skin, rods, cones,

taste budstaste buds

Effector Effector Structure that Structure that

responds to a stimulusresponds to a stimulus Ex. muscles, glandsEx. muscles, glands

NeuronNeuron

Individual nerve cellIndividual nerve cell 3 types3 types Sensory neuronSensory neuron

carries impulses from carries impulses from receptors to brain/spinal receptors to brain/spinal cordcord

Motor neuronMotor neuron carries impulses from carries impulses from

brain/spinal cord to brain/spinal cord to effectorseffectors

Interneuron Interneuron connect the sensory to the connect the sensory to the

motor neuronsmotor neurons

Nerve ImpulseNerve Impulse

Due to movement of Due to movement of Na+ ions and K+ ionsNa+ ions and K+ ions

Polarized = “-“ inside Polarized = “-“ inside “+” outside“+” outside

Resting PotentialResting Potential

Depolarized- ions move, Depolarized- ions move, neuron becomes “+” neuron becomes “+” inside, “-“ outsideinside, “-“ outside

Repolarized- ions move Repolarized- ions move again, return to again, return to “-“ inside, “+” outside“-“ inside, “+” outside

Nerve ImpulseNerve Impulse

Action PotentialAction Potential Depolarization and Depolarization and

repolarization of a repolarization of a neuron membraneneuron membrane

Threshold Threshold The minimum level of The minimum level of

stimulus needed to start stimulus needed to start an impulsean impulse

Neurotransmitter Neurotransmitter Chemicals released at Chemicals released at

the axon terminalsthe axon terminals Carry the “impulse” Carry the “impulse”

across the synaptic gapacross the synaptic gap

3 Basic Parts of Neuron3 Basic Parts of Neuron

DendriteDendrite Cell BodyCell Body AxonAxon

Diagram of ImpulseDiagram of Impulse

Diagram ADiagram A #1= polarized#1= polarized

Diagram BDiagram B #3= polarized#3= polarized #2= depolarized#2= depolarized

Diagram CDiagram C #6= polarized#6= polarized #5= depolarized#5= depolarized #4= repolarized#4= repolarized

Neuron Structure (p 1006)Neuron Structure (p 1006)

#5. Dendrite- #5. Dendrite- Extension that receives message and Extension that receives message and

carries impulse toward cell bodycarries impulse toward cell body

#4. Cell body#4. Cell body Contains the nucleus(#1) and most Contains the nucleus(#1) and most

cytoplasm of neuroncytoplasm of neuron

Neuron Structure (p 1006) Neuron Structure (p 1006)

#2. Axon#2. Axon Extension that carries Extension that carries

impulse away from cell impulse away from cell bodybody

Myelin- sheath that Myelin- sheath that surrounds axonsurrounds axon

Schwann Cell- makes Schwann Cell- makes up myelinup myelin

Node- space between Node- space between Schwann CellsSchwann Cells

Axon terminal- end of Axon terminal- end of axon at synapseaxon at synapse

Diagram- Neuron Structure (p Diagram- Neuron Structure (p 1006)1006)

#3. Synapse#3. Synapse Small gap between Small gap between

neuronsneurons

Right-Left Brain??Right-Left Brain?? WriteWrite BatBat ThrowThrow Wave “hello”Wave “hello” Leg crossedLeg crossed Hold forkHold fork Fold handsFold hands Take off shoeTake off shoe Standing weightStanding weight First stepFirst step Start skippingStart skipping Kick Kick Dominant eyeDominant eye Draw a dogDraw a dog Draw circleDraw circle Switch hands draw circleSwitch hands draw circle Count R’s and L’sCount R’s and L’s

Brain FunctionsBrain Functions

1. You are welcomed in the kitchen by the 1. You are welcomed in the kitchen by the smell of one of your favorite foodssmell of one of your favorite foods. . You immediately ask what time the meal is You immediately ask what time the meal is being served.being served.

2. While you are 2. While you are studyingstudying in the library, in the library, two of your friends pass by your table. two of your friends pass by your table. You stop them to You stop them to talktalk for a few minutes. for a few minutes.

Brain FunctionsBrain Functions

3. You have been 3. You have been joggingjogging for twenty for twenty minutes. Your minutes. Your heartbeat and breathing heartbeat and breathing ratesrates have increased. have increased.

   4. You are working a gymnastics routine. 4. You are working a gymnastics routine.

You attempt to execute a You attempt to execute a difficult spin on difficult spin on the balance beamthe balance beam..

Brain FunctionsBrain Functions

5. You notice that each time you wear a 5. You notice that each time you wear a certain wool sweater, your certain wool sweater, your skin itches skin itches where it contacts the woolwhere it contacts the wool..

6. While visiting the ocean you mastered 6. While visiting the ocean you mastered the skills necessary for the skills necessary for riding a riding a surfboardsurfboard..

Brain FunctionsBrain Functions

7. You are planning to audition for a role 7. You are planning to audition for a role in the school play. The role requires in the school play. The role requires someone who can project someone who can project various various emotions.emotions.

   8. You are sampling 8. You are sampling different types of different types of

perfume perfume in order to pick out which one in order to pick out which one you would like to buy.you would like to buy.

Brain FunctionsBrain Functions

9. After being out in the snow for awhile, 9. After being out in the snow for awhile, your your body begins to shiverbody begins to shiver..

10. After twisting your knee during soccer 10. After twisting your knee during soccer practice, you find that a practice, you find that a whirlpool whirlpool relieves the painrelieves the pain..

Brain FunctionsBrain Functions

11. While 11. While playing basketballplaying basketball, you steal , you steal the ball at mid-court and make a basket to the ball at mid-court and make a basket to tie the score.tie the score.

12. You have just find out that your dog 12. You have just find out that your dog has chewed up your favorite pair of tennis has chewed up your favorite pair of tennis shoes. You shoes. You shout at the dogshout at the dog and and slam slam your bedroom dooryour bedroom door. . 

Brain FunctionsBrain Functions

13. At a picnic you 13. At a picnic you ate some fried ate some fried chicken and apple piechicken and apple pie..

14. You are taking a test that involves 14. You are taking a test that involves placing blocks of certain colors and placing blocks of certain colors and shapes into certain areasshapes into certain areas..

Central Nervous System (CNS)Central Nervous System (CNS)

Diagram-Diagram- 1. Cerebrum 1. Cerebrum 2. Cerebellum2. Cerebellum 3. Medulla oblongata3. Medulla oblongata 4. Spinal cord4. Spinal cord 5. Peripheral (spinal) 5. Peripheral (spinal)

nervesnerves

CNSCNS

Diagram- Lobes of Diagram- Lobes of CerebrumCerebrum a. frontal lobea. frontal lobe b. parietal lobeb. parietal lobe c. temporal lobec. temporal lobe d. occipital lobed. occipital lobe

Brain Functions- ID Brain PartBrain Functions- ID Brain Part

Cerebrum Cerebrum Voluntary, sensory input, Voluntary, sensory input,

motor output, memory, motor output, memory, thought, reason thought, reason

CerebellumCerebellum Involuntary, coordination, Involuntary, coordination,

balance, graceful balance, graceful movement movement

Medulla OblongataMedulla Oblongata Involuntary, heartbeat, Involuntary, heartbeat,

breathing, blood pressurebreathing, blood pressure

CNSCNS

Spinal cordSpinal cord Extension of brain through the vertebrae, Extension of brain through the vertebrae,

relays information to and from the brainrelays information to and from the brain

Cerebral Lobe Functions- ID LobeCerebral Lobe Functions- ID Lobe

TemporalTemporal taste, smell, hear, memory taste, smell, hear, memory

OccipitalOccipital vision, motor output, vision, motor output,

speechspeech

FrontalFrontal personality, learning, personality, learning,

thought, speech thought, speech

Parietal Parietal sensory input, touchsensory input, touch

CNS- ProtectionCNS- Protection CraniumCranium MeningesMeninges

Membranes surrounding Membranes surrounding the brain & spinal cordthe brain & spinal cord

Arachnoid layerArachnoid layer Middle layerMiddle layer

Dura materDura mater Outer layerOuter layer

Pia materPia mater Inner layerInner layer

Cerebrospinal fluidCerebrospinal fluid Shock absorber, Shock absorber,

between arachnoid & pia between arachnoid & pia matermater

2 Divisions of Nervous System2 Divisions of Nervous System

Central Nervous Central Nervous SystemSystem Brain Brain Spinal CordSpinal Cord

Peripheral Nervous Peripheral Nervous SystemSystem All nerves extending to All nerves extending to

and from CNSand from CNS

Peripheral Nervous SystemPeripheral Nervous System

Motor DivisionMotor Division carries impulses from carries impulses from

brain/spinal cord to brain/spinal cord to effectorseffectors

Sensory DivisionSensory Division carries impulses carries impulses

from sensory organs from sensory organs to brain/spinal cordto brain/spinal cord

Motor DivisionMotor Division

Autonomic SystemAutonomic System InvoluntaryInvoluntary Sympathetic SystemSympathetic System Parasympathetic Parasympathetic

SystemSystem

Somatic SystemSomatic System Under conscious Under conscious

controlcontrol

Reflex ArcReflex Arc

Quick response to Quick response to stimulusstimulus

Ex. Knee Jerk ReflexEx. Knee Jerk Reflex

Usually 3 neuronsUsually 3 neurons Sensory neuronSensory neuron InterneuronInterneuron Motor neuronMotor neuron