unit 2-lrw2014-types of research

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Research according to

discipline/techniqueinvolved

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iscipline research

Different types of research are oftenassociated with a specific field or

academic discipline

EG, Law, Public Management,Education

OR with the technique in ol ed inthe research process!

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"nderta#en when the researcher triesto gi e a rational e$planation for, or the

causes of a particular e ent!

%e or she also gi es a logicalinterpretation of the effect of such an

e ent on the indi iduals and the societyin ol ed!

Original documents are usually usedfor this type of research, but artefacts

can also be studied!

Historical research

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&oncerned with informationobtained through

obser ation!'t is what the researcher

obser es and describes inwords, and on which his or

her conclusion is based!

escriptive research

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(imed at searchingfor a relationshipbetween different

types of data

(nswers are sought toquestions, eg,) 'sthere a connection

between two matters,what e$actly is this

relationship*

Correlational research

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'n ol es theapplication of social

inter entions, eg,

changing theconditions underwhich people li e +

to identify theshortcomings or

usefulness ofprogrammes

Evaluation research

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here people aresupposed to benefit

from the research arein ol ed in all stages

of the research + fromplanning to

implementation

Participatory research

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-a#es place when aparticular request for

assistance emanatesfrom members of thepublic who

e$perience aparticular problem

Action research

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(ppropriate for a studybased on quantitati e

data and wherestatistical data is

required in order to

determine the meaningof data!

Analytical research

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.ystematicmanipulation of

e$perimentalconditions orsituations in whiche$ternal influences

are controlled ore$cluded!

Experimental research

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Entails theidentification ofwhy somethingis the way it is!

Explanatory research

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Where does legal fall?

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Methods &

Methodologies

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-he research method or methodologyyou adopt will depend partly on thetopic you ha e selected and partly

based on your own interests and/orpreferences!

0actors such as the amount of time

and resources that you can commit toyour research are also li#ely to factor!

Methods and Methodologies

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A summary of methods

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!ualitative

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(ims to gather an in)depth understanding of humanbeha iour and the reasons that go ern suchbeha iour!'n estigates the 1why2 and 1how2 of decision ma#ing,not 3ust 1what2, 1where2, 1when2!'nformation only on the particular cases studied, andany more general conclusions are only propositions!

4uantitati e methods used to see# empiricalsupport for such research hypotheses!Produces descripti e data

!ualitative research

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'n written or spo#en words pertaining toe$perience or perception"sually no numbers assigned to theseobser ationsPoint of iew of the of participant"nderstanding rather than e$plaining0ocus on real life e$perience of people

Eg, 'ntergroup relations in .outh (frica

!ualitative research

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Observation and Participant observationObser ation is the systematic obser ation, recording,description, analysis and interpretation of people2sbeha iour!

'n participant obser ation, the researcher participatesto some degree in the li es and acti ities of the peoplebeing obser ed

InterviewingFocus groups

!ualitative Methods

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(ssociated with analytical researchPurpose is to arri e at uni ersal statementMathematical/numerical) counting and measuring,

statistics, percentages&omputational techniques!Methods + e$periments, sur eys, questionnaires,obser ations

4uantitati e analysis

!uantitative research

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-he process of measurement is central toquantitati e research because it pro ides thefundamental connection between empiricalobser ation and mathematical e$pression ofquantitati e relationships!'n layman5s terms, this means that the quantitati eresearcher as#s a specific, narrow question and

collects a sample of numerical data fromparticipants to answer the question

!uantitative research

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.ur eysE$periments

!uantitative "esearchMethods