unit 3: the post-classical world 600 – 1450 ce. era of disunity technological advances continued...
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Unit 3: the Post-Classical World
600 – 1450 CE
Era of DisunityTechnological advances continued
Gunpowder, wheelbarrowBuddhism displaced ConfucianismTrade continued, but central government and
bureaucracy declinedChinese worried about foreign invaders and
influence of their cultures
Sui ChinaSilla
Parhae
Yamoto Japan
Harsha’ Empire
Chalukya
Frankish Kingdoms
GhanaAxum
Sassanid Empire
Byzantine Empire
Goal: Rebuild and reorganize China after the fall of the Han Dynasty
Methods of Change“Land Equalization” SystemReorganize Confucianism and civil serviceDrive out nomadic invadersEstablished army of professional soldiersConscripted labor for lavish projects
Fall:People were overworked and overtaxedAssassinate emperor to start Tang dynasty
South: majority population, rice productionNorth: millet production; less populated than
the SouthRivers ran east to west Built Grand Canal to connect North and South
Oldest and largest canal in the WorldPeople migrate to the North, make trade easier
Ghana
Carolingian
Byzantine
Abbasid Caliphate
Axum
Gurjara-Pratihara
Tang China
Parhae
Silla
Cordoba Caliphate
Heian Japan
States and Empires in 800 CEStates and Empires in 800 CE
Tang Dynasty 618-906 CE
Efforts to Improve Chinese Government:
Imperial examination system perfected
Tolerant attitude toward all religions (in the beginning)
Golden Age of foreign relations with other countries
GOAL: Conquest and Expansion • Uses armies to unite China• Extends borders to Afghanistan
Aristocracy weakened
Scholar-gentry elite re-established Educated civil servants 5% could become officials; rest stayed
local as social leaders Performed Confucian rituals, helped
collect taxes, keep paperwork Created meritocracy with best students
running country
The Growing Importance of the Examination System
Birth, connections important for office
Under influence of Buddhism, women enjoy relatively higher status
Rise of neo-Confucianism stops this trend Began in Tang, but not common until Song
New technologiesMore cosmopolitan culture
Cities growingSome have population as
large as 2 millionReestablish safety and
importance of Silk RoadImported tea, wood and
spicesExported manufactured
goods
High taxationPeasant rebellions led to more independent
local rule around 907 CEFor 50 years, regional war lords ruledBy 960, Song Dynasty centralized but not
able to unify due to outside groups challenging power
Mongol Empire
Russia
Song
China
Koryo
Kamakura Japan
Delhi Sultanate
Scandanavian Kingdoms
Mali
Zimbabwe
BeninOyo
France
Ethiopia
Ayyubid Caliphate
Almohad Caliphate
Poland
Rum
H.R.E.
Hungary
England
Portugal
Spain
States and Empires in States and Empires in 1237 CE1237 CE
Angkor
Song China 960 – 1279 CE
Not able to unite as much as Tang DynastyStrengthen Confucianism and civil serviceEstablished gov’t monopoly on tea trade Become sea power Create middle/merchant classMerchants gain a bit more esteem in Chinese societyDeemphasize military and reestablished tribute system
Libraries established; old texts recoveredNeo-Confucians reduce role of women
Promote arranged marriage and foot-bindingStress on personal morality, rational and secular thoughtImportance of philosophy in everyday life
• Hostility to foreign ideas
• Gender, class, age distinctions reinforced
Never that strong to begin with
Never able to unify all parts Warlords control large
parts in the northMilitary and economic
weaknessScholar-gentry given
control of army; ineffectivePaper money caused
inflationMongol invasion
Establish the Yuan Dynasty
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