unit 4 extension solutions and solubility. what is a solution? solution homogeneous a solution is a...
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UNIT 4 EXTENSION
Solutions and Solubility
What is a solution?
A solution is a homogeneous mixture of 2 or more substances. Homogeneous: a
mixture that is uniform throughout; the particles are evenly distributed
Parts of a solution
A solution contains at least 2 components: Solute: the substance being dissolved;
example: salt Solvent: substance doing the dissolving; it
is the major component in the solution; example: water
Universal Solvent
Water is known as the universal solvent because so many different substances can dissolve in water.
Are there substances that do not dissolve in water? Yes! Examples:
Sand Plastic Cotton Rubber
Solutions
A solution can be any 2 phases (solid, liquid, or gas) mixed together
Examples: Brass: solution of zinc metal (s) dissolved in copper
metal (s) Alloy: solid or liquid mixture of two or more metals
Pop: carbon dioxide (gas) dissolved in water (l) Vinegar: acetic acid (l) dissolved in water (l)
Identifying the solute and solvent
Identify the solute(s) and solvent in each solution. Underline the solute and circle the solvent. Remember: SOLUTE dissolves in a SOLVENT.
Ocean Water: salt and waterAntifreeze: Water and ethylene glycolSoda pop: syrup, water, and CO2 gasGold Jewelry: gold and copperAir: Nitrogen, oxygen, other gasesKool-Aid: powder, sugar, and waterSterling Silver: silver and copper
Identifying the solute and solvent
Identify the solute(s) and solvent in each solution. Underline the solute and circle the solvent. Remember: SOLUTE dissolves in a SOLVENT.
Ocean Water: salt and waterAntifreeze: Water and ethylene glycolSoda pop: syrup, water, and CO2 gasGold Jewelry: gold and copperAir: Nitrogen, oxygen, other gasesKool-Aid: powder, sugar, and waterSterling Silver: silver and copper
Identifying the solute and solvent
Identify the solute(s) and solvent in each solution. Underline the solute and circle the solvent. Remember: SOLUTE dissolves in a SOLVENT.
Ocean Water: salt and waterAntifreeze: Water and ethylene glycolSoda pop: syrup, water, and CO2 gasGold Jewelry: gold and copperAir: Nitrogen, oxygen, other gasesKool-Aid: powder, sugar, and waterSterling Silver: silver and copper
Identifying the solute and solvent
Identify the solute(s) and solvent in each solution. Underline the solute and circle the solvent. Remember: SOLUTE dissolves in a SOLVENT.
Ocean Water: salt and waterAntifreeze: Water and ethylene glycolSoda pop: syrup, water, and CO2 gasGold Jewelry: gold and copperAir: Nitrogen, oxygen, other gasesKool-Aid: powder, sugar, and waterSterling Silver: silver and copper
Identifying the solute and solvent
Identify the solute(s) and solvent in each solution. Underline the solute and circle the solvent. Remember: SOLUTE dissolves in a SOLVENT.
Ocean Water: salt and waterAntifreeze: Water and ethylene glycolSoda pop: syrup, water, and CO2 gasGold Jewelry: gold and copperAir: Nitrogen, oxygen, other gasesKool-Aid: powder, sugar, and waterSterling Silver: silver and copper
Identifying the solute and solvent
Identify the solute(s) and solvent in each solution. Underline the solute and circle the solvent. Remember: SOLUTE dissolves in a SOLVENT.
Ocean Water: salt and waterAntifreeze: Water and ethylene glycolSoda pop: syrup, water, and CO2 gasGold Jewelry: gold and copperAir: Nitrogen, oxygen, other gasesKool-Aid: powder, sugar, and waterSterling Silver: silver and copper
Identifying the solute and solvent
Identify the solute(s) and solvent in each solution. Underline the solute and circle the solvent. Remember: SOLUTE dissolves in a SOLVENT.
Ocean Water: salt and waterAntifreeze: Water and ethylene glycolSoda pop: syrup, water, and CO2 gasGold Jewelry: gold and copperAir: Nitrogen, oxygen, other gasesKool-Aid: powder, sugar, and waterSterling Silver: silver and copper
Identifying the solute and solvent
Identify the solute(s) and solvent in each solution. Underline the solute and circle the solvent. Remember: SOLUTE dissolves in a SOLVENT.
Ocean Water: salt and waterAntifreeze: Water and ethylene glycolSoda pop: syrup, water, and CO2 gasGold Jewelry: gold and copperAir: Nitrogen, oxygen, other gasesKool-Aid: powder, sugar, and waterSterling Silver: silver and copper
Solubility
Solubility: the maximum quantity of a solute (in grams) that can be dissolved in a given amount of solvent (in grams) at a specified temperature.
Concentration
Concentration: how much solute is in a solution Concentrated solution: large amount of
solute Dilute solution: a small amount of solute
Which solution is more concentrated?
Concentration
Unsaturated solution: a solution that can dissolve more solute
Saturated solution: a solution in which no more solute can dissolve at the given temperature
Supersaturated solution: solution that holds more solute than it normally would at a cooler temperature.
3 Factors that Affect Dissolving
Increase surface area makes the solute dissolve more quickly.
3 Factors that Affect Dissolving
Stirring: moves dissolved solute away so the rest can interact with the solvent
3 Factors that Affect Dissolving
Increase the temperature (Kinetic Energy): particles move faster and collide more often dissolving solute faster Most gases become less soluble in water
as the temperature increases.
Methods to Separate Mixtures
Evaporation or Distillation: Uses boiling points
Methods to Separate Mixtures
Magnetism: ideal for separating solids in which one of them has magnetic properties
Methods to Separate Mixtures
Centrifuge: uses density where layers are formed based on density of materials
Methods to Separate Mixtures
Filtering: separates large particles from smaller ones
Methods to Separate Mixtures
Chromatography: The various components of the mixture travel at different speeds, causing them to separate. Example: Paper Chromatography
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