unit iv: sensation & perception€¦ · senses—pressure, warmth, cold, and pain. 21-1. pain...

Unit IV:Sensation & Perception

Module 21

The Other Senses

Touch 21-1

Touch

The sense of touch is a mix of four distinct skin senses—pressure, warmth, cold, and pain.

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Pain 21-2

Pain

• Pain tells the body that something has gone wrong.

• Usually pain results from damage to the skin and other tissues.

• A rare disease exists in which the afflicted person feels no pain. (Ashlyn Blocker)

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Gate-Control Theory

• Melzack and Wall (1965, 1983) proposed that our spinal cord contains neurological “gates” that either block pain or allow it to be sensed.

• The “gate” is opened by the activity of pain signals traveling up small nerve fibers, and is closed by activity in large nerve fibers or by information coming from the brain.

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Biopsychosocial Influences on Pain

page 205

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Pain Control

Pain can be controlled by a number of therapies including, drugs, surgery, acupuncture, exercise,

hypnosis, and even thought distraction.

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Taste 21-3

Taste

• Traditionally, taste sensations consisted of sweet, salty, sour, and bitter tastes.

• Recently, receptors for a fifth taste have been discovered called “Umami”.

Sweet Sour Salty Bitter Umami(Savory meat taste:

MSG)

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Body Position & Movement 21-4

Body Position &Movement

• The sense of our body parts’ position and movement is called kinesthesis.

• The vestibular sense monitors the head (and body’s) position (including balance).

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Sensory Interaction 21-5

Sensory Interaction

• When one sense affects another sense, sensory interaction takes place.

• So, the taste of strawberry interacts with its smell and its texture on the tongue to produce flavor.

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