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De Gruyter
An Unresolved Doubt: Phaedo 76 c14-d6Author(s): H.D. RankinSource: Apeiron: A Journal for Ancient Philosophy and Science, Vol. 1, No. 2 (March 1967),pp. 24-26Published by: De GruyterStable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/40891401.
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24,
An
Unresolved
Doubt
Phaedo
76 cl4-d6
If
we had
possession
of
e7ucrTf||j,r]
efore
being born,
and
if in
fact
we were born
with
it in our
possession,
then we
knew
fiji
aTajxeUa
both
antenatally
and
immediately
fter
being born,
not
only
the
9
equal'
and the
'greater0
and
the 'lesser'
but
everything
of that kind
(75
c7-10).
But
it
is
argued
that
nothing
of
the
kind is
the case
(75 d2):
we
are
not born
with this
knowledge
n our
grasp
in the
sense
of
being capable
of
discussing
the
merely
apparent
equality
of
things
which
turn
out
not
equal
at all
when
hey
are
scrutinised;
a
much
etter
explanation
is
that
by making
se
of our
sense
perceptions,
we
recollect0
knowledge
(
etc
cn;f|jjLri)of
he
equal0
which we
previously possessed.
This is very persuasive, but whenSimmias s asked (76 a9) to
choose
between recollection0 and the view
that we are
born with the
necessary knowledge,
his characteristic
scepticism
withholds
his
agreement;
nTepov
ouv
alofi
u)
2t|X(jLtaj
eTUtfTCCjivou
ri|Ia
yerovevat, r'
vauuiVTJcxea9ai,
tfatepov
wv
itpTepov
Iti
errori
elxopevt
O5x
Ixu)
u>
Zt>KpaTe,
v tS
xapvTi
XeaGau
From
his
point
until
more
rugged
objections
to
the
theory
of the
immortal-
ity of the soul are encountered (84c-95e) there is a little scene which is
framed
o
dispose
for
good
of
the
objection
(which
in R.S^Bluck's
opinion
might
have
been
made n connection with the Meno
that
knowledge
r
'knowledges'
(
etti0Tr)[iai
)
may
nter
into
people
at
the
moment
f birth
and
need not have
been recollected
from
n
antenatal
state.
Simmias s
first of all driven back from he
option
that
we
are
born
in
possession
of
knowledge
y being
obliged
to
admit
(and
as his character
is drawnhe
can do
nothing
else
but
admit,)
that
an
vno
kjiiOT'iBVOc
%ep'
av
eROtatai
fx
-
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25.
However,
the scenario
of
this little
episode proceeds:
everybody
oes
not
seem to
ejiiCzaoQai
these
things,
therefore
they
recall
what
they
learned
previously;
therefore
they
cannot
have
obtained their k*Ri
-
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26,
partial
modification
of
this
position,
which as
Gulley
recognises
(op.citol98)
is inconsistent
with
what
Plato
says
elsewhere
about
the
way
in
which we come
to
knowledge
of
the Forms
6, To put it another way he is not so much interested in the relation
of
a
(correct
or
otherwise)
with
litt(JTf]p,Tj
as he is with the
effects of
the
humancondition
upon
IicicTt%t
which
had
formerly
been
possessed,
and
which can be
repossessed
If
-it
can
be
argued
(as
I
think
it
can)
that
there is
a
slot
in
the Phaedo's
argument
for
recog-
nition
of
certain
relations,
(^qual,
greater
etco)
without
t&avqi
Xovov,
then
the Meno s distinction
between
&a
anc*
IttlLCrTflffTl
i-s
repre-
sentedo
The
emphasis upon
the
Iforms
s the
crucial
factor
in
the Phaedo's
approach
to
the
problem:
see
N.Gulley,
Plato
8$Ihebry
of
Knowledge,
London
1962,
pp.
16-21}
Bluck
Meno
pp*30
ff; J.Stenzel,
Studien
zur
Entwicklung
der Platonischen
Dialektik,
Darmstadt
(ed).
1961.
7.
RoEoAllen,
9
Anamnesis
in
Plato's
Meno and
Phaedo0,
Review
of
Metaphysics,
Vol.XII,
No.
1.49, 1959,
ppQ165-174
esp*p.l66o
8.
Especially
67c (with Bluck's comments
p.cit.p.52):
but the
passage
from 64C-70
contains
many
expressions
of
this
point
of view.
Department
of
Classical
Studies
Monash
University.
HeDeRankin.
Coing and the Presocratics^I^Anaxagoras
The
following
is
the
first
in
a
series
of notes
in
which
I
hope
to
list
and comment
pon
coins
which
have
a
bearing
on
Presocratic
studies.
There
are
extant
the
following
Hellenistic
and
Roman
ssues,
all
bronze,
of
Clazomenai
(the
philosopher's
birthplace)
with
types
of
Anaxagoras:
A1
-
sometime
after
300
B.C.
OBV.
Young
male
head,
diademed,
r.
Border
of
dots
REV.
K/VAZOMENIQN:
Anaxagoras
seated
1
on
a
circular
object.
His
r.hand
is
outstretched
and
possibly
holds
a
globe
His
l.hand
is
on
his knee
and
in
it there
appears
to be
held
a
scroll.
2
3
B
-
reign
of Hadrian.
OBVe
KAASOANAA
Bust
of
Anaxagoras
r;
he holds
an
object,
apparently
a
globe
in
his
raised
right
hand
His
right
shoulder
is
bare
REV.
CTP
K/V
EM
The
Emperor
with
flying
cloak
rising
r
his left
hand is
raised.
4C - reign of Commodus.
OBV.
A
AY
KOM
AOCKAICAP.-Buetiyoung
ommodus
;
his
head
is
bare
and
he
wears
a
cuirass
and
paludamentunu
REV.
KAAZO
MENIQN
Statue
of
Anaxagoras
standing
r;
he
is
naked
to
the
waist
and
rests
his left
foot
on a
cippus;
his
left
arm is
outstretched
and
a
sphere
rests
on
the
extended
palr
of his
hand
The
right
hand
is
placed
upon
the
right hip.
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